中华文化术语选篇

“中华思想文化术语”是浓缩了中华哲学思想、人文精神、价值观念等的以词或短语形式固化的概念和文化核心词。它们是中华民族几千年来对自然与社会进行探索和理性思索的成果，积淀着中华民族最深沉的历史智慧。本文选登“中华文化术语”诠释和英文翻译，使中国人更加理解中国古代哲学思想，也使世界更加了解中华思想文化。

格调

Form and Melody

指诗歌的体制声调，包括思想旨趣和声律形式两方面，涉及诗歌批评的品味与境界。“格”指诗歌的体制合乎规范；“调”指诗歌的声调韵律。唐宋时期的一些诗论家倡导格调，意在确立诗歌的雅正标准。明清以后的格调说，多强调作品应符合儒家正统思想，这影响了诗人的情感表达与艺术创作。“格调”后来也用到其他文艺领域。

The term refers to the form and metrical patterns， as well as content， of poetry. It relates to artistic taste and appeal in poetry criticism. Ge （格） refers to the need to satisfy established metrical （格律的） rules， while diao （调） refers to the need to follow tone and rhyme schemes in poetry. Some poetry critics of the Tang and Song dynasties stressed the importance of form and melody in order to establish a set of elegant and authoritative standards for poetry. Theory on form and melody in the Ming and Qing dynasties often emphasized the importance for poets to abide by Confucian orthodoxy （正统观念）， thus constraining their expression of feelings and artistic creations. The term was later also used in discussions of other forms of art.

引例 Citations：

◎高古者格，宛亮者调。（李梦阳《驳何氏论文书》）

（高雅古朴就是“格”，婉曲清亮就是“调”。）

To be elegant and unaffected （不矫揉造作的） is to satisfy the requirements of form； to be tuneful and resonant is to follow the rules of melody. （Li Mengyang： Arguments Against He Jingmings Views）

◎白石詞以清虚为体，而时有阴冷处，格调最高。（陈廷焯《白雨斋词话》卷二）

（姜夔的词以清新虚空为主要特色，虽然有凄清冷寂的地方，但格调最高。）

Jiang Kuis poems are characterized by ethereal （超凡的，虚幻的） purity. Though tinged with loneliness and sadness at times， they are of high standard and taste.（Chen Tingzhuo： Remarks on Lyrics from White Rain Studio）

文气

Wenqi

作品中所表现出的作者的精神气质与个性特点。是作家的内在精神气质与作品外在的行文气势相融合的产物。“气”原指构成天地万物始初的基本元素，用在文论中，既指作家的精神气质，也指这种精神气质在作品中的具体表现。人禀天地之气而形成不同的个性气质，表现在文学创作中，便形成不同的文气，呈现出独特风格特点及气势强弱、节奏顿挫等。

Wenqi （文气） is the personality an author demonstrates in his works， and is a fusion （融合） of his innate temperament and the vitality seen in his works. Originally， qi （气） referred to the basic element in the initial birth and formation of all things， as well as heaven and earth. In literary criticism， it refers to an authors distinctive individuality and its manifestation （表现） in his writings. Humans are believed to develop different characters and traits endowed by the qi of heaven and earth. Reflected in literary creation， such different characters and traits naturally find expression in distinctive styles and varying degrees of vigor as well as rhythm and cadence（抑扬顿挫） .

引例 Citations：

◎文以气为主，气之清浊有体，不可力强而致。（曹丕《典论·论文》）

【文章由作家的“气”为主导，气有清气、浊气两种形态（决定人的气质优劣与材质高下），不是强行可以获得的。】

Literary writing is governed by qi. Either clear or murky， qi determines the temperament of a writer， refined or vulgar， and his talent， high or low. Qi cannot be acquired. （Cao Pi： On Literary Classics）

◎气盛则言之短长与声之高下者皆宜。（韩愈《答李翊书》）

（作者的内心气势很强，那么句子长短搭配和音调的抑扬顿挫自然都会恰当。）

If a writer has a strong inner flow of qi， the length of his sentences will be well-balanced， and his choice of tone and cadence will just be right. （Han Yu： A Letter of Response to Li Yi）