王红艳 张艳霞
[摘要] 目的 研究冠心病不穩定型心绞痛患者血清中CRP、TNF-α和血脂的表达水平,探讨CRP、TNF-α、血脂三者与冠心病不稳定型心绞痛之间的关系。 方法 收集2015年8月~2016年9月本院收治的46例不稳定型心绞痛患者和40例稳定型心绞痛患者的临床资料进行分析;并分别测定两组患者和健康对照人群血清中CRP、TNF-α和血脂的表达水平。 结果 ELISA实验结果表明,相比对照组人群,不稳定型心绞痛患者血清中CRP和TNF-α表达水平明显增加,LDL-C和TG含量也有所增加,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);稳定型心绞痛患者血清中CRP、LDL-C和TG含量有所增加,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而TNF-α、HDL-C和TC水平与健康对照人群比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 CRP、TNF-α和血脂可能与冠心病不稳定型心绞痛的发生发展密切相关,检测冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者血清中CRP、TNF-α和血脂含量,对了解患者体内免疫状态、临床诊断和预后有重要意义。
[关键词] 不稳定型心绞痛;CRP;TNF-α;血脂
[中图分类号] R541.4 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)27-0082-03
Expression of CRP, TNF-α and blood lipid in the patients with coronary heart disease complicated with unstable angina
WANG Hongyan ZHANG Yanxia
Department of No.1 Cardiology, Jiyuan Peoples Hospital in Henan Province, Jiyuan 459000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the expression levels of serum CRP, TNF-α and blood lipids in the patients with coronary heart disease complicated with unstable angina, and to investigate the relationship between the three factors of CRP, TNF-α and blood lipid and coronary heart disease complicated with unstable angina. Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with unstable angina and 40 patients with stable angina who were admitted to our hospital from August 2015 to September 2016 were collected, and an overall analysis was made; the expression levels of serum CRP, TNF-α and blood lipids were measured in the patients with two types of diseases and healthy controls. Results The results of ELISA showed that the expression levels of serum CRP and TNF-α in the patients with unstable angina pectoris were significantly increased compared with the control group, and the LDL-C and TG levels were also increased. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences(P<0.05); the levels of serum CRP, LDL-C and TG in the patients with stable angina were increased, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). However, TNF-α, HDL-C and TC levels did not change significantly compared with those in the healthy controls, and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion CRP, TNF-α and blood lipids may be closely related to the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease complicated with unstable angina. Detection of serum CRP, TNF-α and blood lipids levels in the patients with coronary heart disease complicated with unstable angina is of great significance to understand the immune status, clinical diagnosis and prognosis of the patients.endprint
[Key words] Unstable angina; CRP; TNF-α; Blood lipids
冠心病不稳定型心绞痛(unstable angina,UA)是介于稳定型心绞痛与急性心肌梗死及心脏猝死之间的一种临床状态,其发病原因与年龄增加、高血脂、糖尿病和肾功能障碍等相关疾病、动脉粥样硬化和血管壁斑块破裂等密切相关[1]。研究表明,机体炎症反应和相关细胞因子是引起粥样血栓的主要因素,而单核巨噬细胞又在此过程中起关键作用,由其产生并分泌的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及其诱导肝脏产生的急性反应蛋白C-反应蛋白(CRP)是炎症和免疫反应的重要介质。这些炎症因子和血脂在冠状动脉斑块的发生发展及不稳定性斑块破裂而激发的血栓形成过程中可能起重要作用[2]。本文主要检测了稳定型心绞痛患者和不稳定型心绞痛患者血清中CRP、TNF-α和血脂(LDL-C、HDL-C、TC和TG)的水平,与正常人群进行比较,以探讨这三者在不稳定型心绞痛患者血清中的变化以及在不稳定型心绞痛发病机制中的作用,以为临床上开发UA新的治疗方法提供实验依据,并为UA的临床诊断和病情判断提供指导意义。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2015年8月~2016年9月本院收治的冠心病患者86例,冠心病诊断符合以下条件之一:有急性心肌梗死病史;有一支及以上冠状动脉狭窄超过50%;发病时出现短暂性缺血性ST-T改变。86例患者中包括40例稳定型心绞痛患者和46例不稳定型心绞痛患者,根据年龄选取相应的健康对照组25例,均为常规体检中无任何异常者,年龄55~65岁,各组男女性别比均具有可比性。冠心病不穩定型心绞痛患者为UA组,健康受试者为正常对照组。三组的临床基本情况比较结果如下:UA组、稳定型心绞痛组和正常对照组年龄、性别、吸烟比例、高血压比例和糖尿病比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),此外,三组间血糖比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
1.2 诊断与纳入标准
符合1979年WHO提出的《缺血性心脏病的命名及诊断标准》,并结合冠状动脉CT或冠状动脉造影(coronary arteriography,CAG)(冠状动脉主要血管直径狭窄程度≥50%),或既往有心肌梗死病史为冠心病诊断标准。符合2001年中华医学会心血管病学分会和中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会制定的《不稳定型心绞痛诊断和治疗建议》中不稳定型心绞痛诊断标准[3]。该研究方案由本院伦理委员会批准,并获得所有受试者知情同意。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 标本采集 所有试验对象均未使用降脂、抗凝、抗菌药物,于清晨空腹抽取外周静脉血6 mL,样品于4℃冰箱静置1 h后,3000 rpm离心10 min,取上清液转移至新的离心管中,即为对应的新鲜血清,储存于-80℃备用。
1.3.2 主要仪器与试剂 酶联免疫检测仪为Thermo Multiskan Ascent,全自动生化分析仪为深圳迈瑞BS-200,CRP试剂盒和TNF-α试剂盒均购自上海吉泰依科赛生物科技有限公司。
1.3.3 ELISA法测定血清中CRP和TNF-α的含量 取出待测样品于试剂盒,平衡至室温。取出试剂盒中的标准品,根据说明书要求加入对应体积的试剂稀释液或双蒸水;静置10~20 min,轻柔摇晃标准品,使其充分溶解。严格按照CRP和TNF-α试剂盒说明书进行操作,采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清中CRP和TNF-α的含量。
1.3.4 血脂含量的测定 取血液样品,全自动生化分析仪测定血脂水平,包括总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。所有试验均设三个复孔。
1.4 统计学分析
采用SPSS 12.0统计学软件进行统计分析。计量资料采用(x±s)表示,两组组间比较采用t检验;多组间比较采用方差分析;计数资料用百分率表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
ELISA结果显示,不稳定型心绞痛患者血清中CRP的含量高于稳定型心绞痛患者和健康对照人群,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。稳定型心绞痛患者中CRP水平也高于健康对照人群,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不稳定型心绞痛患者血清中TNF-α的含量高于稳定型心绞痛患者和健康对照人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。稳定型心绞痛患者血清中TNF-α与健康对照人群相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者与稳定型心绞痛患者血清中LDL-C和TG含量均增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而UA组患者和稳定型心绞痛患者血清内HDL-C和TC水平与健康对照人群比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
3 讨论
根据修订的心肌梗死(MI)定义,患有缺血、但其中生物标志物仅有轻微升高和降低的患者,现被认为具有真正的心肌损伤[4]。从2000年至今,不稳定型心绞痛通过划分肌钙蛋白阳性和肌钙蛋白阴性来划分,因此,1989年对不稳定型心绞痛的临床定义仍是最合适的描述[5]。心绞痛被认为在心肌的冠状血管上血流被剥夺导致的一种胸部不适情况[6],稳定型心绞痛主要是心外膜冠状动脉内腔减少引起冠状动脉粥样硬化[7],而不稳定型心绞痛是一种心脏没有得到足够血流量和氧气的状态[8],可能导致心脏病发作。
CRP是一种由单核细胞合成的急性期反应蛋白,在IL-6的诱导下启动凝血过程[9]。CRP通过结合磷酸胆碱发挥生物学活性,在即将死亡或者已经死亡的细胞表面刺激免疫系统[10,11]。TNF-α是一种具有多种生物活性的细胞因子,主要参与抗感染、机体免疫调节以及增强单核细胞的活性,在机体免疫防御系统中起重要作用[12]。TNF-α主要由巨噬细胞分泌,并以自分泌方式促进自身的合成,集中合成在病变部位,各类感染和外界刺激均能引起TNF-α的表达增加。生理状态或激活状态下的TNF-α均能抑制血管平滑肌细胞的胶原基因表达,使斑块不稳定。TNF-α可促进原癌基因的表达,产生血小板生长因子,使血凝-抗凝系统失衡,促进血栓的形成,引起不稳定型心绞痛的发生[13]。血清中总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)是冠状动脉疾病的临床表现[14],而冠状动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成可导致冠心病的形成。研究表明,血脂在不稳定型心绞痛的发生发展中可能有一定作用。endprint
本研究结果表明,不稳定型心绞痛患者血清中CRP、TNF-α、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和甘油三酯(TG)的含量均显著高于稳定型心绞痛患者和正常对照人群;相比正常人群和稳定型心绞痛患者,不稳定型心绞痛患者血脂表达水平明显降低。相比正常对照人群,稳定型心绞痛患者血清中CRP、TG和LDL-C水平明显升高,而TNF-α、TC和HDL-C水平无显著差异。此结果提示CRP、TNF-α、TG和LDL-C在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中具有重要作用,也可能是不稳定型心绞痛的重要發病机制之一[15]。关于CRP、TNF-α和血脂在冠心病不稳定型心绞痛的发病中具体分子机制及如何参与调控UA的发展,还有待进一步研究。
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(收稿日期 :2017-07-07)endprint