吕建萌,袁 婕,雷 琦,潘雅娟,宋允章,杨 谦
幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素相关蛋白A与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系
吕建萌,袁 婕,雷 琦,潘雅娟,宋允章,杨 谦
目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori, HP)细胞毒素相关蛋白A(cytotoxin-associated protein, CagA)与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系。方法 选取2015年6月—2016年11月我院收治的动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者65例作为研究对象,根据是否存在颈动脉斑块分为颈动脉斑块阳性组(阳性组)35例和颈动脉斑块阴性组(阴性组)30例;另选择同期门诊体检健康者30例作为对照组。比较3组CagA-HP-IgG抗体阳性率,探讨阳性组颈动脉病变与CagA-HP-IgG抗体的相关性,分析血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体对颈动脉病变的诊断效能。结果 阳性组血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体阳性率为62.9%,高于阴性组的40.0%和对照组的23.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关检验显示,阳性组颈动脉病变与血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体水平呈正相关(r=0.745,P=0.024)。血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体诊断颈动脉病变的灵敏度和特异度分别为90.5%和88.7%,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.938(95% CI:0.882,0.995)。结论 血清CagA-HP-IgG或可作为动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者早期诊断颈动脉病变的一项检测指标。
幽门螺杆菌;细胞毒素相关蛋白A;动脉粥样硬化;脑梗死
相关研究显示,30%~59%的脑卒中是由颅外段颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄进行性发展所引发[1-2]。随着对动脉粥样硬化的深入研究,发现其可能是一种炎性疾病,牙龈卟啉单胞菌、肺炎衣原体、幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori, HP)等均与其形成有关。近年研究显示,细胞毒素相关蛋白A(cytotoxin-associated protein, CagA)阳性的HP感染可能与动脉粥样硬化有关,能够显著增加发生动脉粥样硬化的危险性[3-5]。为进一步观察和证实CagA阳性的HP感染与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系,本研究观察颈动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者颈部血管病变及CagA-HP-IgG抗体的关系,现报告如下。
1.1 对象与分组 选取2015年6月—2016年11月我院收治的颈动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死65例作为研究对象,其中男33例,女32例;年龄45~72(61.8±2.1)岁;中度脑梗死32例,重度脑梗死33例。根据是否存在颈动脉斑块分为阳性组35例和阴性组30例,其中阳性组男18例,女17例;平均年龄(61.6±2.2)岁。阴性组男女各15例;平均年龄(61.9±2.4)岁。另选取同期门诊体检健康者30例作为对照组,其中男女各15例;平均年龄(62.2±1.8)岁;既往无消化系统疾病和心脑血管疾病。3组性别、年龄等一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 检测方法 脑梗死患者于入院次日、对照组于健康体检时采集空腹静脉血,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测CagA-HP-IgG抗体,严格按照抗体试剂盒(上海酶联生物科技有限公司生产)说明书进行操作,正常参考值≤12 U/ml。颈动脉斑块采用HDI-5000彩色多普勒超声仪进行检查。
1.3 观察指标 比较3组CagA-HP-IgG抗体阳性率,探讨阳性组颈动脉病变与血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体的相关性,分析血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体对颈动脉病变的诊断效能。
2.1 CagA-HP-IgG抗体检测 酶联免疫法检测CagA-HP-IgG抗体,结果显示阳性组血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体阳性率为62.9%(22/35),阴性组阳性率为40.0%(12/30),对照组阳性率为23.3%(7/30),阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
2.2 颈动脉病变与CagA-HP-IgG抗体的相关性 Pearson相关检验显示,阳性组颈动脉病变与血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体水平呈正相关(r=0.745,P=0.024)。
2.3 CagA-HP-IgG抗体对颈动脉病变的诊断效能 受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线提示,血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体诊断颈动脉病变的灵敏度和特异度分别为90.5%和88.7%,ROC曲线下面积为0.938(95% CI:0.882,0.995)。见图1。
图1 伴颈动脉斑块的动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体受试者工作特征曲线图
脑梗死主要形成原因为冠状动脉内粥样斑块出现破裂,血小板聚集后形成血栓,导致冠状动脉被完全或不完全堵塞[6-7],但具体发生机制不明[8-9]。近年来研究发现,炎性反应参与了动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展[10]。动脉斑块的不稳定性原因可能为炎性反应的激活[11]。HP感染可致胃外或胃内疾病,与HP基因的不同表达密切相关。当HP基因表型为CagA-HP时可致胃外疾病,其菌株排泌的毒素经血液循环可进入非消化道,寄于宿主细胞中,使宿主细胞变性坏死[8];同时毒素还可引起血流改变,容易导致脑血管疾病。细胞特定部位内的CagA-HP容易被磷酸化,细胞内信号传导使细胞骨架重排、肌蛋白聚合,影响细胞凋亡;CagA-HP增加了细胞因子的产生与分泌,可诱使炎性反应发生;在CagA-HP毒素的影响下,宿主细胞会凋亡或增殖[12]。
HP影响动脉粥样硬化形成包括免疫介导、自由基形成及低度急性过程反应3种方式[13]。HP感染时机体超敏C-反应蛋白、白细胞计数及纤维蛋白原等水平升高。当HP持续感染时可影响胃免疫细胞产生大量炎性细胞因子,并激活血管内皮细胞,影响纤维蛋白原、组织因子表达增加,随着血液的进一步黏稠,炎性反应遍及全身,使某些血液成分发生改变,同时也会在斑块覆盖区域出现炎性反应,可直接导致血栓形成,加重脑梗死。本结果显示,阳性组血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体阳性率为62.9%显著高于阴性组及对照组,说明发生颈动脉病变的脑梗死患者血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体水平增加;经Pearson相关检验显示,阳性组颈动脉病变与血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体水平呈正相关;血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体诊断颈动脉病变的灵敏度和特异度分别为90.5%和88.7%,ROC曲线下面积为0.938。提示脑梗死患者颈动脉病变程度与血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体水平密切相关,随着脑梗死病程的延长,血清CagA-HP-IgG抗体水平增加,最终会诱发颈动脉病变。
综上,血清CagA-HP-IgG或可作为动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者早期诊断颈动脉病变的检测指标。
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Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori and A and Atherosclerotic Cerebral Infarction
LV Jian-meng, YUAN Jie, LEI Qi, PAN Ya-juan, SONG Yun-zhang, YANG Qian
( Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China)
Objective To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) cytotoxin associated protein A (CagA) and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Methods From June 2015 to November 2016 in our hospital 65 cases of patients with cerebral infarction as the research object, 65 patients according to carotid artery plaque positive cases divided into carotid artery plaque in patients with cerebral infarction male positive group (observation group,n=35), cerebral infarction and non carotid artery plaque group (control group,n=30). At the same time, 30 healthy persons were selected as control group. The positive rate of CagA-HP-IgG antibody was compared between the three groups, and the correlation between the carotid artery lesions and serum CagA-HP-IgG antibody in the observation group was analyzed, and the diagnostic value of serum CagA-HP-IgG antibody was analyzed. Results The observation group positive rate of serum CagA-HP-IgG antibody was 62.9%; the control group of serum CagA-HP-IgG antibody positive rate of 40.0%; the positive rate of serum CagA-HP-IgG antibody was 23.3% blank control group; three serum CagA-HP-IgG antibody positive rate difference significantly (P<0.05). The Pearson correlation test showed that the carotid artery lesions in the observation group were positively correlated with the level of serum CagA-HP-IgG antibody (r=0.745,P=0.024). The sensitivity and specificity of serum CagA-HP-IgG antibody in the diagnosis of carotid artery lesions were 90.5% and 88.7%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.938 ( 95% CI:0.882,0.995). Conclusion CagA-HP-IgG may can be used as a predictive method for early carotid artery disease in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.
Helicobacter pylori; Cytotoxin associated protein A; Atherosclerosis; Cerebral infarction
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2014JM4131)
710068 西安,陕西省人民医院神经内二科
杨谦,E-mail:29328553@qq.com
R743.33
A
1002-3429(2017)04-0080-03
10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2017.04.028
2016-09-12 修回时间:2017-02-15)