中考英语从句、主谓一致真题解析和演练

邓杨周

宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句及主谓一致是中考英语的重难点也是热点之一。宾语从句常考查连接词的选择、从句的语序、主句和从句的时态等，解题时应先从连接词着手，判断从句的语序，注意主句与从句在时态上的呼应，耐心分析；状语从句常考查主从句的时态，解题时应注意判断主从句的关系以及主句从句时态的选择；定语从句常考查关系代词、关系副词的选择，解题时则应注意判断先行词在定语从句中的成分，先行词的形式等。同时，也应注意区分这几种从句，不仅要根据连接词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。主谓一致也是初中阶段的考查点之一，看似简单，但同学们在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。在解题时应注意语法一致，就近一致和意义一致这三大基本原则，细致分析，灵活应用。

【真题解析】

1. —Do you know ____？

—Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th. （2016重庆）

A. why did they move here

B. why they moved here

C. when did they move here

D. when they moved here

【答案】D

【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的连接词和语序。根据答句句意“让我想想，我记得是在3月18日”，可推测问句询问的应该是时间，句意为“你知道他们什么时候搬到这里来的吗？”，因此问句中的宾语从句的连接词应该是“when（时间）”而不是“why（原因）”，根据答句中的“it was on March 18th”可知这是个过去的时间，而宾语从句为陈述句语序，因此正确答案为D。

2. —Can you tell me ____ to London？

—Sure. Next month. （2016安顺）

A. when you will travel

B. when will you travel

C. when you travelled

D. when did you travel

【答案】A

【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的时态和语序。根据答句句意“当然了。下周。”，可推测问句询问的是一个将来的时间，句意为“你能告诉我什么时候去伦敦旅游吗？”，而宾语从句为陈述句语序，因此正确答案为A。

3. I dont know if you ____ to Marys party next Sunday. If you go， ____. （2016黑龙江）

A. go； so will I B. will go； so will I C. will go； so do I

【答案】B

【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句和状语从句。第一句为宾语从句，根据第一句的“Marys party next Sunday”，可推测该宾语从句的时间为一般将来时，结构应为“will go”，句意为“我不知道下个星期天你是否会去参加玛丽的聚会”。第二句为由if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作和状态，主句则用一般将来时，句意为“如果你去的话，我也去”，因此主句谓语动词应选择will，而主句中还使用了倒装句结构“so+助动词+主语的形式”，因此正确答案为B。

4. The policeman has caught the thief ____ stole Mr. Lis wallet. （2016随州）

A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

【答案】B

【解析】该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词。根据句意“警察抓住了偷李先生钱包的那个小偷”，可知设空处及其后的内容是个定语从句，先行词“the thief”为定语从句的主语，指人，因此该定语从句应选用关系代词who或者that，因此正确答案为B。

5. This is one of the most interesting cities ____ I have ever visited. （2016兰州）

A. who B. that C. which D. where

【答案】B

【解析】该题考查的是定语从句的关系词。根据句意“这是我曾经参观过的最有趣的城市之一”，可知设空处及其后的内容是个定语从句，此处注意关系代词which指“……地方”，关系副词where指“在/去……地方”，在從句中只起状语作用。先行词“cities”为定语从句中动词visit的宾语，指物。因此设空处应选用关系代词which或者that，而先行词“cities”有“one of the most interesting”来修饰，当先行词有最高级等修饰时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which，因此正确答案为B。

6. —Have you found the information about famous scientists ____ you can use for the report？

—Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet. （2016淮安）

A. where B. which C. what D. who

【答案】B

【解析】该题考查的是定语从句的关系词。根据句意“你已经找到你可以用在报告中的关于那些著名科学家的信息了吗？”，可知设空处及其后的内容是个定语从句，先行词“information”为定语从句中动词use的宾语，指物。此处应注意设空处前面的“scientists”并非指人的先行词，而是先行词“information”的修饰语。因此设空处应选用关系代词which或者that而不能选择who，因此正确答案为B。

7. There ____ a number of books in the library and the number of them ____ increasing. （2016烟台）

A. has； is B. have； are C. are； is D. is； are

【答案】C

【解析】该题考查的是there be句型及主谓一致。There be句型，表示“某地（或某时）存在有某人（或某物）”。在there be句型中，be动词与其后最近的主语在数上保持一致。这里注意区别“a number of”和“the number of”的意义，前者意为“一些；许多”，后者意为“……的数量”。句中第一个设空处后的“a number of books”意为“很多书”，为复数形式，因此此处be动词应为“are”，第二个设空处后的“the number of them”意为“书的数量”，应作为单数来看，此处be动词应为“is”，因此正确答案为C。

8. There ____ some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet. （2016齐齐哈尔）

A. are B. is C. have

【答案】B

【解析】该题考查的是there be句型及主谓一致。There be句型，表示“某地（或某时）存在有某人（或某物）”。在there be句型中，be动词与其后最近的主语在数上保持一致。设空处后的“some good advice”意为“一些建议”，而中心词advice是不可数名词，因此此处be动词应为“is”，因此正确答案为B。

【真题演练】

（ ）1. Shiyan is one of the best places ____ people would like to visit. （2016十堰）

A. that B. which C. where D. who

（ ）2. There ____ a sport meet next week if it ____. （2016黔东南州）

A. is going to have； doesnt rain

B. is going to be； doesnt rain

C. is going to be； wont rain

D. is going to have； wont rain

（ ）3. —Look！Why are there so many people？

—There are some policemen. I think there ____ a traffic accident. （2016西宁）

A. must have B. can have C. is going to be D. must be

（ ）4. —I am worried about ____.

—Whatever the result is， dont be too hard on yourself. （2016昆明）

A. how have I prepared for my final exams

B. if I can get great grades in the final exams

C. that my school team lost the game because of my fault

D. why did my school team lose the game

（ ）5. —Your head teacher has set up a Wechat group. Could you tell ____？

—It is more convenient to communicate with our parents. （2016荆门）

A. when it was set up B. why did he set it up

C. what it is used for D. how did he set it up

（ ）6. —What kind of TV show do you prefer？

—I like the ones ____ make me laugh. （2016玉林）

A. who B. whom C. that D. what

（ ）7. Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything ____ comes into sight is so new to me. （2016广东）

A. that B. which C. who D. whom

（ ）8. Our Chinese teacher didnt go to bed ____ he finished his work last night. （2016重庆）

A. if B. until C. since D. because

（ ）9. —Excuse me. Could you tell me ____ about the local history and culture？

—Of course. You can check it on this computer. （2016青島）

A. how can I get the information

B. what information did I get

C. where I can get the information

D. that I got the information

（ ）10. Could you help me with the housework ____ you are free today？ （2016无锡）

A. since B. though C. unless D. until

（ ）11. The teenagers like the musician ____ different kinds of music. （2016黔东南州）

A. who play B. which plays C. who plays D. that play

（ ）12. —Which song do you like better， Maria？

—I prefer the song Manual of Youth ____ is sung by TFBOYS. （2016滨州）

A. which B. who C. whom D. where

（ ）13. —Who won the first prize in English speech contest？

—The prize went to the girl ____ speech was the most natural and fluent. （2016鄂州）

A. that B. who C. whose D. 不填

（ ）14. ____ I got home， my sister was doing her homework. （2016北京）

A. When B. Because C. If D. Though

（ ）15. —The students of Grade 9 in Changchun have to take part in the P.E. test from 2016.

—Yes， ____ you want to pass it and be stronger， practice more. （2016吉林长春）

A. until B. if C. unless D. or

（ ）16. The nurse wont leave her patients ____ shes sure they are all taken good care of.

（2016上海）

A. unless B. because C. since D. if

（ ）17. —Could you tell me ____？

—Every four years. The 24th will take place in China in 2022. （2016泰州）

A. how long the Winter Olympic Games last

B. how long do the Winter Olympic Games last

C. how often are the Winter Olympic Games held

D. how often the Winter Olympic Games are held

（ ）18. —How do you like the movie Kongfu Panda 3？

—It is ____ exciting ____ Id like to see it again. （2016湖北咸寧）

A. so； that B. such； that C. enough； to D. too； to

（ ）19. —I wonder ____ .

—It will fall on a Saturday. （2016广东）

A. how will National Day fall on this year

B. how National Day will fall on this year

C. what day will National Day fall on this year

D. what day National Day will fall on this year

（ ）20. We must get up early ____ we can catch the first bus to school. （2016辽宁丹东）

A. so that B. such that C. in order to D. in order