刘莉平+漆婷婕+彭冰华+左武
摘 要 目的:探討早期进食及活动干预对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者胃肠功能恢复的影响。方法:收集2013年4月至2016年2月接治的胆囊良性病变患者98例,按照入院顺序抽签后随机分为试验组和对照组各49例。两组均行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,对照组给予常规术后护理;试验组除给予常规术后护理外,还进行早期进食干预和活动干预。观察两组患者胃肠功能恢复情况、满意度、血清胃肠激素水平变化情况。结果:试验组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门首次排气时间、肛门首次排便时间、术后住院时间分别为(9.75±1.88)h、(24.58±4.76)h、(44.28±6.33)h和(3.04±1.02)d,对照组分别为(12.29±3.24)h、(31.19±4.88)h、(52.59±8.74)h和(4.89±1.55)d,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组的服务态度、护理操作、医疗环境、知识宣教满意度评分分别为(95.68±6.33)分、(97.58±4.85)分、(96.38±7.44)分和(94.58±5.34)分,对照组分别为(77.79±6.52)分、(75.58±5.33)分、(80.04±4.78)分和(79.68±6.51)分,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后胃动素、胃泌素和生长抑素水平均低于术前,血管活性肠肽水平高于术前(P<0.05),且试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:早期进食及活动干预对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者胃肠功能恢复有积极影响,临床应用价值较高。
关键词 胃肠功能;早期进食;活动干预;腹腔镜胆囊切除术;恢复
中图分类号:R657.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2017)08-0028-03
Effect of early eating and active intervention on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
LIU Liping, QI Tingjie, PENG Binghua, ZUO Wu(Xingang Central Hospital, Xinyu 338000, Jiangxi Province, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of early food intake and active intervention on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: From April 2013 to February 2016, 98 cases of benign gallbladder disease received treatment were collected, and after drawing according to the sequence of admission were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group with 49 cases each. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in the two groups. The control group was given the routine postoperative nursing, and in addition to the routine nursing after the operation, the experimental group received early feeding intervention and active intervention. The recovery of gastrointestinal function, the degree of satisfaction and the change of serum gastrointestinal hormones level were observed in the two groups. Results: The postoperative recovery time of bowel sound, anal exhaust time, first defecation time and postoperative hospitalization time of the experimental group were (9.75±1.88)h, (24.58±4.76)h, (44.28±6.33) and (3.04±1.02)d, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). The service attitude, nursing operation, medical environment, knowledge education and satisfaction scores of the experimental group were (95.68±6.33), (97.58±4.85), (96.38±7.44) and (94.58±5.34), respectively, and those of the control group were (77.79±6.52), (75.58±5.33), (80.04±4.78) and (79.68±6.51). The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Motilin, gastrin and somatostatin levels of the two groups were lower than those before operation. The level of vasoactive intestinal peptide was higher than that before operation(P<0.05). The experimental group was better than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Early feeding and active intervention have the positive effect on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which has significant value in the clinical practice.
随着微创技术的不断发展,腹腔镜胆囊切除术作为胆道外科常用手术,是临床治疗胆囊良性疾病的主要方式[1]。由于腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者术后的胃肠功能影响较小,成为治疗胆囊良性疾病的首选方式。本文报道对行腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者给予适当早期干预的效果。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
收集2013年4月至2016年2月新余新钢中心医院接治的胆囊良性病变患者98例,均经肝胆超声检查确诊,按照入院顺序抽签后将患者随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组中男30例,女19例,年龄30~56岁,平均(40.58±7.33)岁;胆囊息肉7例,急性胆囊炎20例,慢性胆囊炎22例。对照组中男29例,女20例,年龄32~56岁,平均(41.28±7.14)岁;胆囊息肉8例,急性胆囊炎20例,慢性胆囊炎21例。两组患者一般资料相比差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有患者均符合手术指征,签署知情同意协议书。排除精神疾病、合并其他炎症疾病者。
1.2 方法
两组患者均在全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,对照组进行常规术后护理,包括呼吸道护理、口腔护理、健康教育等;试验组在给予术后护理基础上,进行早期进食和活动干预。早期进食干预为术后6 h,患者进食少量流食(白开水或米汤),以刺激患者胃肠道收缩、分泌,促进胃肠功能恢复。24 h后,患者进食低脂肪、低糖半流食,以少食多餐为原则,循序渐进。早期活动干预为术后患者清醒后,在床上进行简单的躯体活动,利于血液循环恢复;术后6 h,鼓励并帮助患者进行早期下床活动,促进胃肠道分泌。
观察两组患者胃肠功能恢复情况、早期进食及活动干预满意度、血清胃肠激素水平变化情况。血清胃肠激素指胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)和生长抑素(SS)。满意度评分的分值满分为100分,分值越高,表示患者对治疗越满意。
1.3 统计学方法
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析,计量资料用 x±s表示,行t檢验,计数资料用百分比(%)表示,行χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组胃肠功能恢复情况
试验组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门首次排气时间、肛门首次排便时间、术后住院时间均低于对照组(P<0.05,表1)。
2.2 两组满意度
试验组在服务态度、护理操作、医疗环境、知识宣教满意度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05,表2)。
2.3 两组血清胃肠激素水平
术后两组MTL、GAS、SS水平均低于术前,VIP水平高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组术后MTL、GAS、SS水平高于对照组,VIP水平低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表3)。
3 讨论
临床在治疗胆囊良性疾病时多采取手术治疗,与传统治疗方法相比,腹腔镜胆囊切除术切口小,对机体损伤小,术后恢复快[2-4]。虽然,腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者的胃肠道无明显损伤和刺激,但作为一种有创操作,术中对胃肠道的牵拉等,会使患者术后出现胃肠道蠕动功能麻痹、恶心、腹痛、腹胀等情况[5-6],尤其以术后腹胀较为常见。
出现术后腹胀等情况会增加患者的痛苦,影响手术治疗效果。本研究对患者进行早期进食和活动干预,明显改善了患者术后胃肠功能情况,治疗效果得到提高。本研究显示,试验组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门首次排气时间、肛门首次排便时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组在服务态度、护理操作、医疗环境、知识宣教满意度方面,均优于对照组(P<0.05),提示对患者进行早期进食和活动干预有一定的积极意义。
早期进食和早期活动干预可刺激患者胃肠道收缩运动和反射运动,加快胃肠蠕动与分泌,利于及早恢复正常饮食[7-9]。本研究显示,试验组术后MTL、GAS、SS水平高于对照组,VIP水平低于对照组手术后(P<0.05)。MTL、GAS、SS是与胃肠道功能密切相关的胃肠道激素,由胃肠道内的M细胞和G细胞分泌,通过调节胃肠道周期性收缩活动,发挥胃肠道的消化、吸收功能[10-11]。胃肠道激素水平越高,胃蠕动越明显。VIP是神经递质的一种,对胃液的分泌有抑制作用,其水平降低,表明胃液分泌较好[12]。
总之,早期进食及活动干预对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者胃肠功能恢复有积极影响,能缩短患者肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门首次排气时间、肛门首次排便时间和术后住院时间,提高患者服务态度、护理操作、医疗环境、知识宣教满意度,改善MTL、GAS、SS、VIP水平,临床应用价值较高。
参考文献
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