王希宝 王琢珏
(1.辽宁省鞍山师范学院外语系 辽宁 鞍山 114006;2.辽宁大学文学院 辽宁 沈阳 110036)
论京剧《陈三两爬堂》英译研究
王希宝1王琢珏2
(1.辽宁省鞍山师范学院外语系 辽宁 鞍山 114006;2.辽宁大学文学院 辽宁 沈阳 110036)
为了传承传统文化、传播京剧,本文以李世济代表作京剧《陈三两爬堂》为例,以“公堂”一场“家住山东在临清”来研究传统文化典籍的英译,旨在呼唤人们要有传播非物质文化遗产的意识。
京剧《陈三两爬堂》;英文说明书;英译价值;汉英对照
明朝进士李久经被奸臣陷害致死,女儿李淑萍为埋葬双亲、教养胞弟李凤鸣,自卖自身,沦落在富春院,因她才貌出众,每首诗赚得三两银子,因而改名陈三两,她曾相助并教导孤儿陈奎攻读。陈奎进京赶考后,鸨儿将陈三两卖给珠宝客商张子春。陈三两誓死不从。直隶沧州知州李凤鸣因受客商贿赂,在公堂刑讯陈三两,陈三两申辩并自叹身世后,李凤鸣方知陈三两就是和他失散多年的姐姐李淑萍。这时,新任八府巡按陈奎到此,问明情况,将李凤鸣革职,撵出府门。此剧由魏静生1959年根据同名豫剧、河南曲剧改编,同年由北京京剧团在北京首演,李世济饰陈三两,闵兆华饰李凤鸣,谭元寿饰陈奎,该剧为程派传人李世济代表作,也是程派较有影响力的创新剧目,程派传人钟荣、张曼玲、刘桂娟和李海燕等至今皆擅演。
In Ming dynasty,Li Jiujing,who was a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations,was framed by treacherous court officials, dead.His daughter,Li Shuping had to sell herself to bury her parents’bodies and supported his younger brother,LiFengming,to study. Unfortunately,she was stranded in the brothel.She was very beautiful and did well in writing some poets,each of which was worth 3 Liang,so people called her Chen Sanliang.At the same time,she was so generous that she helped an orphan,Chen Kui,study hard.After that,Chen Sanliang was sold to a pear travelling merchant,Zhang Zichun,but she refused to marry him.And then they went to court.At the court,Chen Sanliang recognized the judge to be her younger brother,Li Fengming,gradually after she told her own story about her family.Next,Chen Sanliang scolded his brother for his bribery.Luckily,the new comer,a governor of the province,who was Chen Kui,came here,checking the situations.He considered Chen Sanliang to be his sister,firing Li Fengming to the countryside far away.
Chen Sanliang Down to the Court was composed by Wei Jingsheng in 1959,and at the same year,it was first performed in Beijing,too.Li Shiji was famous for it,for it was an attractive and reformed play in Cheng Yanqiu School of Peking Opera.Up to now,it’s still been put on by some excellent actresses such as Zhong Rong,Zhang Manling,Liu Guijuan,Li Haiyan and so on.
该剧英译价值主要体现在人物和艺术特色两方面。一般来说京剧题材以妓女形象为主的很多,如大家熟知的传统京剧《玉堂春》的苏三,但《陈三两爬堂》的陈三两不同于苏三,“苏三自幼堕入烟花(鸨儿买奴七岁正);而陈三两则是半路烟花,她有较高文化修养,虽在富春院却不是靠卖身,而是靠卖诗文(三两银子卖一篇)生活。同样是被审问,但她们精神状态却大不一样。苏三想的是‘鱼儿落网有去无还’;陈三两虽然是弱女入虎口,但想的却是‘九死之下拼一生’。①通过对比可以看出,陈三两坚强性格中透着智慧,卖诗不卖身,人物性格鲜明、独特。另外,该剧摆脱了以往“才子佳人”,以爱情为主题传统京剧剧目窠臼,而以姐弟手足情谊为线索展开戏剧矛盾冲突,新颖别致。
从艺术特色看,该剧是李世济创新程派剧目,表现在唱腔方面,作曲家唐在炘根据剧情需要结合李世济嗓音条件,创编了优美动听的新程腔,吸收了地方戏曲说唱艺术表现手法,借鉴了扬剧《百岁挂帅》(堆字大陆板),如:可叹我李淑萍自卖自身更姓改名,受尽了折磨,流落到娼门,犹如红叶飘落泥坑,满心盼望兄弟凤鸣不愧祖先,立志成人,为人要正,为官要清,怀念手足,为姐赎身,想不到一别十年,杳无音信,想到此处,好不叫我寒在我心,酸在我心,恼在我心,气在我心,恨在我心!设计成为(垛板),开始速度缓慢,似唱似说,用弹拨乐伴奏,不用京胡,最后速度越来越快,一气呵成,冠宏气势,高音3和2频现,很好表达了陈三两怒斥弟弟李凤鸣的可耻行径。“家住山东在临清”这段著名程派唱腔,由此诞生,广为流传。
【二黄慢板】家住山东在临清,李家大寨有门庭。
【Er huang slow style 4/4 rhythm】My hometown was in Linqing county,Shandong Province,where there were a lot of visitors to my house.(合句,用where引导非限制性定语从句;应是大宅,编剧的疏忽,形容李家当时门庭若市)
【快三眼】父名九经曾中举,(中举,这里指中了进士,中国古代科举制度中,通过最后一级考试者,称为进士,为古代科举殿试及第者之称,意为可以进授爵位的人,此称始于《礼记.王制》)
【Er huang fast style 4/4 rhythm】My father,Li Jiujing,has ever passed the provincial civil service examination,
老母生我姐弟二人。
我名就叫淑萍女,兄弟小名陶哥儿他大名叫……【二黄原板】他叫李凤鸣。
【Er huang moderate style 2/4 rhythm】There were 2 children in my family,one is Li Shuping,the other is my younger brother,Li Fengming, whose pet name was Tao Ger.(合句)
我的父曾经中皇榜,
My father has ever got the successful candidate in the highest imperial,
刘瑾贼贪贿赂转卖文凭。
but Liu Jin,who was a thief,corrupted and got the bribery to resell the diploma.(增词,加了一个转折连词but)
二爹娘双气死报恩寺,
My parents were dead at the Gratitude Temple,angrily,
无钱葬埋姐弟被困在北京。
As a result,my brother and I got trapped in Beijing,without money for burying my parents’bodies.(增词,加了一个连接词as a result)
无奈何我头插草标把自身来卖,
I had to sell myself with a mark on the head,(无奈何,反说正译,否定转译成肯定had to)
卖得二百两身价银。
百两纹银葬父母,
百两助弟读书文。
I got the 200 fine silver,among of which,100 for burying my parents’bodies,the other 100 for my younger brother’s study.(三句合成一句;纹银,中国清朝流通货币名称,其实并不是实际银两,而是用于折算各种成色金属银一种记账货币单位,即虚银两,包括关平、库平、市平、漕平等种类,该故事发生在明代,用的却是清朝货币,是编剧另一疏忽。)
劝兄弟发奋读书把功用,
不要虚度好光阴。
I expected him to study hard,cherishing the good time.(合句,不要虚度,反说正译)
姐弟在北京苦离别,
We parted in Beijing,
【垛板】可叹我李淑萍自卖自身更姓改名,受尽了折磨,流落到娼门,
【Dong style 1/1 rhythm】What a pity!It was Li Shuping who I had to sell myself and changed my name,suffering enough tortures and stranding at the brothel.(强调句型)
犹如红叶飘落泥坑,
I was just like a maple leaf,falling down into the muddy pit,(明喻修辞)
满心盼望兄弟凤鸣不愧祖先,立志成人,为人要正,为官要清,怀念手足,为姐赎身,
I expected my younger brother,Li Fengming,who was determined to be a good human being,to be a just person and to be a fair judge,his sister to be remembered as.It was worthy of being praised by the descendants.(合句,三个排比,to be,to be,to be;不愧祖先,反说正译,It was worthy of,调整词序放最后)
想不到一别十年,杳无音信,想到此处,好不叫我寒在我心,酸在我心,恼在我心,气在我心,恨在我心!
Unexpectedly we’ve parted and never been heard of since 10 years, and I thought of it,What a trembling heart!What a miserable heart!What an irritating heart!What an angry heart!What a scolding heart!(合句,五个排比修辞,五个感叹句)
文化作为一种符号和印记,始终以传播的方式被人们所了解、融入和渗透。不管传播的力度有多大,流传的广度有多远,只要我们坚持做,就一定有收获。
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注释:①北京程派艺术研究小组.《秋声集》(第1版)P222[M].北京:北京出版社,1983,5.
2015年度鞍山师范学院校级科研项目,京剧艺术(程派)研究,编号15kyxm39。
王希宝(1967—),男,辽宁开原人,硕士,辽宁省鞍山师范学院外语系副教授,研究方向为翻译和戏剧戏曲学。王琢珏(1990—),女,辽宁开原人,辽宁大学文学院古代文学硕士研究生,研究方向为明清戏曲小说和语言文化。