罗成勇
在多数情况下,反义疑问句的疑问部分和陈述部分的主语相同,但形式相反。即:陈述部分是肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式;陈述部分是否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式。这是反义疑问句的一个基本原则,但在有些情况下,容易出现一些错误,现列举如下(所有的列举第一句都是错误的,第二句都是正确的)。
1. Somebody has come here, hasnt somebody?
Somebody has come here, hasnt they?
总结:如果陈述部分是everyone, someone, anyone, no one等代词时,反义疑问部分的主语一般用they。
2. There wont be any people in the room, will they?
There wont be any people in the room, will there?
总结:陈述部分是there be结构时,反义疑问部分用there作虚假主语。
3. He often has his breakfast at home, hasnt he?
He often has his breakfast at home, doesnt he?
总结:如果陈述部分有作“有”讲的have,反义疑问部分用have的适当形式来反问;但have不表示“有”时,疑问部分用do的适当形式。
4. He must be singing at home now, mustnt he?
He must be singing at home now, isnt he?
总结:陈述部分有must表示对现在的情况的推测时,疑问部分根据主语的数要用isnt或arent。
5. 误:It must have rained last night, havent it?
正:It must have rained last night, didnt it?
总结:陈述部分有must have done对过去的事情表示肯定的推测时,反义疑问句动词选用的原则是:陈述部分有具体的过去时间时,则当成一般过去式对待;否则,当成现在完成式来对待。
6. I am so interested in reading, am not I?
I am so interested in reading, arent I?
总结:陈述部分是I am ...时,疑问部分用arent I。
7. I wish to go to the cinema, dont I?
I wish to go to the cinema, may I?
总结:陈述部分的动词是wish时,疑问部分用may,且前后都用肯定式。
8. He is a cook but his wife is a doctor, isnt he?
He is a cook but his wife is a doctor, isnt she?
总结:陈述部分是并列句时,疑问部分要与最后的分句的主语和动词保持一致。
9. I dont believe they will come, do I?
I dont believe they will come, do they?
總结:陈述部分是I (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine/am sure/am afraid时,疑问部分要同从句的主语和动词保持一致,还要考虑否定转移的情况。否则,要同主句的主语保持一致。如:He supposes they can come, doesnt he?
10. We have never been to Rome before, havent we?
We have never been to Rome before, have we?
总结:当陈述部分有否定副词never, hardly, seldom, little等时,疑问部分用肯定式。但如果陈述部分只是含有否定前缀时,疑问部分仍用否定。如:He is unfit for the job, isnt he?
11. Dont close that window, dont you?
Dont close that window, will you?
总结:陈述部分是肯定的祈使句时,反义疑问句常用will you/would you/wont you。但是在否定的祈使句后的反义疑问句要用wont you。
12. So you are getting married, arent you?
So you are getting married, are you?
总结:陈述部分用so开头时,附加部分采用“同向”疑问,即前面是肯定的陈述句时,后面也用肯定的问句,前面是否定的陈述句时,后面也用否定的问句。又如:So you dont like my bike, dont you?