世界经济主要指标

国家统计局国际统计信息中心



·国际统计数据·

世界经济主要指标

国家统计局国际统计信息中心

一、世界经济

表1 世界经济增长率(上年=100) 单位：%

注：(1)国际货币基金组织公布的世界及分类数据按照购买力平价方法进行汇总，世界银行和英国共识公司按汇率法进行汇总。 (2)印度数据指财政年度。(3)各经济体2015年数据已据其官方发布结果做了调整。

表2 世界贸易量增长率(上年=100) 单位：%

注: 包括货物和服务,为出口量增速和进口量增速的简单平均数。

资料来源: 国际货币基金组织2017年1月预测。

表3 消费者价格涨跌率(上年=100) 单位：%

注: (1)印度来源于英国共识公司的数据指财政年度。(2)各经济体2015年数据已据其官方发布结果做了调整。

表4 消费者价格同比上涨率 单位：%

资料来源：世界银行数据库。

表5 工业生产

注：(1)工业生产指数同比增长率为经季节调整的数据。(2)采购经理人指数超过50预示着经济扩张期。

资料来源：世界银行数据库、美国供应管理协会。

二、美国经济

表6 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(环比) 单位：%

表7 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(环比) 单位：%

注：季度数据按季节因素调整、折年率计算(表6、表7)。

资料来源：美国商务部经济分析局(表6、表7)。

表8 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(同比) 单位：%

表9 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(同比) 单位：%

注：季度数据按季节因素调整(表8、表9)。

资料来源：美国商务部经济分析局(表8、表9)。

表10 劳动力市场 单位：%

注:除年度数据以外，劳动生产率增长率为该月份所在季度的增长率。

资料来源：美国劳工统计局。

表11 进出口贸易 单位：亿美元

注:包括货物和服务贸易。因季节调整，各月合计数据不等于全年总计数据。

资料来源：美国商务部普查局。

表12 外国直接投资 单位：亿美元

资料来源：美国商务部经济分析局。

三、欧元区经济

表13 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(环比) 单位：%

表14 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(环比) 单位：%

资料来源：欧盟统计局数据库(表13、表14)。

表15 劳动力市场 单位：%

注:除年度数据以外，劳动生产率增长率为该月份所在季度增长率；就业人数为该月份所在季度的环比变化。

资料来源：欧洲央行统计月报、欧盟统计局数据库。

表16 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(同比) 单位：%

表17 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(同比) 单位：%

资料来源：欧盟统计局数据库(表16、表17)。

表18 进出口贸易 单位：亿欧元

注:欧元区绝对数指欧元区现有范围，即19个成员国。贸易额不包括欧元区各成员国相互之间的贸易额，为经季节调整后的数据。

资料来源：欧盟统计局数据库。

表19 外国直接投资 单位：亿欧元

注:欧元区绝对数指欧元区现有范围，即19个成员国。欧元区外国直接投资额不包括欧元区各成员国相互之间的直接投资额。

资料来源：欧洲央行统计月报。

四、日本经济

表20 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(环比) 单位：%

表21 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(环比) 单位：%

表22 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(同比) 单位：%

表23 国内生产总值及其构成增长率(同比) 单位：%

资料来源：日本内阁府(表20～表23)。

表24 劳动力市场 单位：%

资料来源：日本统计局和日本央行统计月报。

表25 进出口贸易 单位：亿日元

注:月度贸易额为季节调整后数据。

资料来源：日本财务省。

表26 外国直接投资 单位：亿日元

资料来源：日本财务省。

五、其他主要国家和地区经济

表27 国内生产总值增长率(同比) 单位：%

注：印度年度GDP增长率为财年增长率。

表28 国内生产总值增长率(同比) 单位：%

资料来源：各经济体官方统计网站。

表29 劳动力市场失业率 单位：%

表30 劳动力市场失业率 单位：%

注：(1)英国和中国香港月度数据为截至当月的3个月移动平均失业率。(2)加拿大、英国、韩国和中国香港为经季节因素调整后的失业率。

资料来源：各经济体官方统计网站。

表31 进出口贸易 单位：亿美元

注：加拿大和英国数据经过季节因素调整。

表32 进出口贸易 单位：亿美元

表33 进出口贸易 单位：亿美元

表34 进出口贸易 单位：亿美元

表35 进出口贸易 单位：亿美元

表36 进出口贸易 单位：亿美元

资料来源：各经济体官方统计网站(表27～表36)。

六、三大经济体指标对比图

图1 三大经济体GDP环比增长率(%) 注：美国为环比折年率增长率。

图2 三大经济体失业率变动(%)

图3 三大经济体出口额同比增长率(%)

图4 三大经济体进口额同比增长率(%) 数据来源：各经济体官方统计网站(图1～图4)。

责任编辑：陈璇璇

S

(1) Some characteristics of China’s economic operation in 2016

Xu Xianchun

China economic operation in 2016 exhibited the following main features: from the production perspective, the added value of the third industry played a major role in driving economic growth; from the perspective of demand, economic growth was stimulated by domestic demand, and consumption demand played a major role; from the perspective of income, the growth speed of per capita disposable income over the previous year dropped slightly, the total industrial profits above scale shifted from the decline in last year to faster growth this year, the growth rate of national general public budget revenue dropped; from the price point of view, consumer prices rose modestly, the scale of price declines of industrial producer and imported goods narrowed significantly over the previous year; from the view of structure, industrial structure, demand structure and income distribution structure have been further improved; from the new momentum point of view, strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries, new products,and online retail sales grew rapidly, and new momentum accumulated; from the perspective of the key tasks of the supply side structural reform, “three drops, one reduction and one supplement” showed results effectively; from the point of view of the main problems, demand was still insufficient, excess capacity still existed, the economic downward pressure was still huge.

(2)Global economic trends and China’s strategy

Huang Zhiling

The current global situation of the United States, the European Union and China constituting “three carriages” market structure will maintain for a long period of time. Chinese strategic vision must focus on the pattern of the world economy, seize the opportunity of the world economy’s profound adjustment, decisively upgrade and maintain accelerated growth, especially for high technology and high-end equipment industries, maintain the trend of consumption upgrade; further strengthen its market cultivation, and strive to improve the effective attraction to the external market; the key is to do well in Asia, strengthen the internal contacts and become the real core of Asian markets; and expand and stabilize economic ties with Africa, South America, Australia; establish the dislocation competition with the European and US markets and international cooperation, strive to dispel their fire safety concerns, avoid direct confrontation; reverse market expectations of China economic outlook as soon as possible to resolve the pressure of RMB devaluation.

(3)Accelerating financial reform and innovation, and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the real economy

Jia Kang

Finance serves for the healthy development of the real economy, which is the starting point and destination of finance. The problem of excessive monopoly due to shortage in the field of financial services is a problem to be solved by China’s financial reform. This paper discusses some of the basic views for China to accelerate financial reform and innovation and promote the transformation and upgrading of the real economy, putting forward the imperative “six aspects of China financial innovation” in the process of leading the new normal and pursuing sustainable development.

(4)The latest trends of China’s investment in EU and EU foreign investment inspection

Chen Chao

After the global financial crisis, European countries continue to increase efforts to abstract foreign investment, China continued to increase direct investment in the EU, which has become China’s largest overseas investment destination. China’s direct investment in the EU gradually shifted from mergers and acquisitions to high-end manufacturing, exhibiting investment diversification. In the context of in-depth negotiations between China-EU bilateral investment agreements, studying the investment policy and investment environment of the EU and Member States will contribute to Chinese enterprises’“going out”. We should actively promote the negotiation of bilateral investment agreements between China and the EU, make full use of the European investment promotion agencies, attach importance to the role and value of intermediary services and respect the European market.

(5)China should play a more important and constructive role in global issues

Ren Haiping and Xu Chaoyou

With the enhancement of comprehensive national strength and improvement of international status and influence, Chinese should uphold international justice more actively, play the role being a responsible big country, and play a more important and constructive role in addressing global issues. We should build a comprehensive and win-win international relations, focusing on dealing with the three major relations with big powers, neighboring countries and developing countries, respectively. China should vigorously promote the new concept of global cooperation and development, and win the wide recognition by the international community. China should actively participate in the global hot issues, and put forward more Chinese programs so as to play a greater role. China should advocate and practice multilateralism in a more positive manner, participate in multilateral affairs, and play an important role in international organizations to promote the resolution of global issues. China should actively promote the development of global governance rules, and promote the reform and improvement of the international system. China should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, firmly safeguard national interests and human interests, and lay a solid foundation for the long-term development of peace between China and the world.

(6)Gatekeeper, decision makers and Coase dilemma——Simultaneously on the American foreign policy decision supportive system

Sheng Sixin

Because of information explosion and specialization, modern government and large enterprise decision makers have to use various types of gatekeepers, assist in collecting information processing and decision-making options. Theoretical analysis of the plight of the Coase further pointed out: if the decision-maker is lack of substantive control over the gatekeeper assisting decision-making process, he will become a prisoner of its gatekeeper. In order to illustrate the application value of the gatekeeper perspective this article takes the American diplomatic decision supportive system as an example and analyzes from the gatekeeper perspectives the decision structure, characteristics, quality and risk support system. Finally, some suggestions are given for decision makers on how to improve the quality of decision making.

(7)Give full play to the role of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives in rural cooperative finance

Ai Yongmei

China’s rural financial demand is far greater than supply and structural imbalance is rather serious. Rural cooperative finance in rural areas can have the aid of social acquaintances kinship, geopolitical, and popularity advantage, having become an important supplement of the rural financial system. In recent years, by virtue of its unique agricultural industry chain advantage, information advantage and organization system advantages, the Supply and Marketing Cooperatives explore the innovation of rural cooperative financial services and provide a useful reference for financing your body to solve the difficulties and expensiveness in financing. In 2015, “On deepening the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives decision” by the CPC Central Committee and State Council raises the requirements for the Supply and Marketing Cooperatives to carry out rural cooperative financial services. This article suggests to improve the legal protection system, operation system and security system construction of rural cooperative finance as soon as possible, and encourage the Supply and Marketing Cooperatives to set up the national rural cooperative financial risk protection fund.

(8) The basic ideas of the coordinated development of regional culture in China

Liu Min and Li Jianmei

The coordinated development of the regional culture is a new topic for China’s current economic and social development, requiring handling the relationship between regional public service resources and resource allocation, regional cultural industry development and economic growth, regional culture and regional development, regional public cultural services and cultural industries. At present, due to the long-term existence of the mismatch of cultural elements resources, administrative division, spatial difference, dualistic structure of urban and rural areas and management system and mechanism obstacles, China’s regional cultural coordination faces the contradiction between supply and demand, the content difference, the gap between urban and rural areas, industrial inefficiency, weak awareness of a series of problems, great efforts should be made to integrate the regional cultural elements, innovate cultural service mode, aim at cultural industrial direction, leverage cultural innovation means, get rid of the coordination mechanism obstacles so as to expand cultural coordination space, enrich the cultural content of coordination, form scale agglomeration force, optimize cultural coordination quality, and enhance the cultural coordination efficiency.

(9)A survey on German innovative design

Zhang Jin and Xu Wenjing

Germany is the birthplace of modern design,and creative design industry is its third largest industry. In order to safeguard the cultural sovereignty and stabalize employment market, Germany transforms and upgrades the traditional industries, and converts economic growth momentum, and vigorously promotes the development of the design industry. The creative design industry in Germany has a large span, with micro enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises being the main body, and the big cities as the lead, radiating the surrounding areas more and more obviously. The German government subdivides the design industry, integrates the existing preferential policies and support measures, establishes specialized agencies to strengthen guidance and services, and actively expands the publicity, encourages exports, organizes the International Design Festival, cultivates creative design industrial professionals. The main implications for the development of innovative design of Chinese manufacturing support system include the establishment of perfect innovative design, user-driven innovation being the basic design philosophy, the goal of design education is to provide outstanding design talents for the industry, and the incubator is to provide quality services for entrepreneurship.

(10)Theoretical exploration and practical exploration into China’s reform and development -A Review on “Zheng Xinli Collected Works”

Xu Wei

Based on Research on “Zheng Xinli Collected Works” the article discusses the main achievements and contribution of Zheng Xinli in the aspects of macro regulation theory and practice and academic research. Zheng Xinli putted forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints and new judgments, his insights and valuable economic thoughts have important theoretical, policy and academic value, which helps us to summarize the experience of reform and opening up, grasp the law of development China economy in the new period under the new situation, effectively promote the reform and opening up and ensure the economic development in China is on the healthy orbit.

Editor：Huang Yongfu