程云鹏,孙彦翠,祝艳秋,张 英,路 岩,姜一农
(1.大连医科大学附属第一医院 心内科,辽宁 大连 116011;2.大连大学附属中山医院 超声科,辽宁 大连 116001)
论 著
原发性高血压患者血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与微量白蛋白尿的关系
程云鹏1,孙彦翠1,祝艳秋2,张 英1,路 岩1,姜一农1
(1.大连医科大学附属第一医院 心内科,辽宁 大连 116011;2.大连大学附属中山医院 超声科,辽宁 大连 116001)
目的 探索在原发性高血压人群中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与微量白蛋白尿(MAU)的相关性,并与传统预测因子同型半胱氨酸及超敏C反应蛋白对MAU的诊断价值进行比较。方法 收集2012年11月至2014年10月大连医科大学附属第一医院高血压科住院的原发性高血压患者222例,分为原发性高血压组(n=121)与原发性高血压合并微量白蛋白尿组(n=101)。记录各组性别、年龄、身高、体重、吸烟史、他汀类药物与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂类药物应用史、血压;入院次日晨收集尿及空腹血,测量尿微量白蛋白、尿肌酐及血常规、血脂、血清同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白、血清肌酐。计算体重指数、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、肌酐清除率及血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值。结果 原发性高血压组与原发性高血压合并蛋白尿组的收缩压、舒张压、血清同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白、血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值比较有统计学差异[(166.16±20.24)vs. (175.24±20.25)mmHg;(104.56±12.74) vs.(109.99±16.35)mmHg;(0.84±0.15)vs.(0.92±0.10)μmol/L;(1.08±1.05)vs.(3.04±6.91)mg/L;(1.78±0.80)vs.(1.29±0.36);均P<0.05]。 血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值呈正相关(r=0.260,P=0.000),且为微量白蛋白尿的独立危险因素;Logistics多元回归分析提示,其与微量白蛋白尿的相关系数小于血清同型半胱氨酸,但明显大于超敏C反应蛋白。 结论 NLR升高可能是高血压患者出现微量白蛋白尿的独立危险因素;其与微量白蛋白尿的相关性可能弱于血清同型半胱氨酸,但明显强于超敏C反应蛋白。
中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值;早期肾损害;原发性高血压
高血压严重威胁人类健康,肾脏是高血压作用的重要靶器官,其早期异常可表现为微量白蛋白尿(microalbuminuria,MAU)的出现,后者与心血管事件增加、心血管死亡率及全因死亡率呈正相关[1-4]。外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)为全血中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞计数的比值。作为一种新型炎症与氧化应激标志物,其比全血白细胞计数或单独的中性粒细胞计数对临床心血管不良事件更加具有预测价值[5-6]。本研究旨在探索高血压人群NLR与MAU的相关性,并与传统预测因子,如同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白对MAU的诊断价值进行比较。
1.1 研究对象与筛选方法
收集2012年11月至2014年10月大连医科大学附属第一医院高血压科收治的18~74岁原发性高血压患者222例,根据是否合并MAU,分为原发性高血压组(essential hypertension, EH)组(n=121)与EH合并MAU组(MAU组,n=101)。高血压的诊断根据《中国高血压防治指南2010》[7]。排除标准:继发性高血压或白大衣性高血压;可导致NLR升高的疾病,包括结缔组织病、自身免疫性疾病、血液病、周围血管性疾病、血脂代谢异常、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、感染性疾病、创伤或2周以内的外科手术、恶性肿瘤、严重心力衰竭、合并严重心脏瓣膜病、心肌病、先天性心脏病、肺源性心脏病;近期使用可影响血常规的药物,如免疫抑制剂或类固醇类药物;严重肝、肾功能障碍。
1.2 临床资料
记录入选病例的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、身高、体质量、高血压病史、吸烟史、服药史。计算体质量指数。入院第二日晨收集空腹静脉血与尿液标本,检测全血细胞计数、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、血肌酐、同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白、尿微量白蛋白及尿肌酐。计算下列数据:(1)肾小球滤过率,根据MDRD公式计算:Ccr (mL/min) = (140-年龄)×体质量(kg)×72-1×血肌酐浓度(mg/dL)(男性)或(140-年龄) ×体质量(kg)×85-1×血肌酐浓度(mg/dL)(女性);(2)尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR):UACR (mg/g) = 尿白蛋白(mg/L) /尿肌酐(μmol/L)× 88.4;MAU定义为UACR≥30 mg/g[7];(3)体质量指数(kg/m2)=体质量/身高2;(4)NLR=外周血中性粒细胞计数/外周血淋巴细胞计数。
1.3 统计学方法
2.1 EH组与MAU组间临床资料比较
两组间性别、年龄、吸烟史、体质量指数、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、血清肌酐、肌酐清除率、服药史及外周血淋巴细胞计数无统计学差异(P>0.05)。MAU组收缩压、舒张压、同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白、UACR、外周血白细胞计数、外周血中性粒细胞计数及NLR明显高于EH组,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2 所有入组患者收缩压、舒张压、同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白、NLR与UACR的相关性分析
Pearson相关分析显示,UACR与收缩压、舒张压、同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白及NLR呈正相关(P<0.05),且UACR与NLR的相关性最强。见表2。将上述变量代入多因素Logistic回归方程,校正相关因素后,同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白及NLR为高血压微量白蛋白尿的独立危险因素。见表3。
表1 高血压组与高血压合并微量白蛋白尿组临床资料比较
ACEI:血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂;ARB:血管紧张素受体阻滞剂;1)与高血压组相比,P<0.05
表2 UACR与各因子的相关性分析
Tab 2 Correlation of UACR with SBP,DBP,Hcy,hs-CRP and NLR
自变量rP收缩压0.2330.000舒张压0.1950.004同型半胱氨酸0.1880.005超敏C反应蛋白0.1580.019NLR0.2600.000
表3 Logistic回归模型中与高血压微量白蛋白尿相关因素的分析
Tab 3 Multifactor Logistic regression analysis of risk factor of microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients
因素OR95%CIP收缩压1.0240.994-1.0550.119舒张压1.0090.989-1.0300.375同型半胱氨酸9.2811.428-60.3280.020超敏C反应蛋白1.3611.069-1.7340.012NLR4.2272.161-8.2670.000
NLR可通过血细胞计数获得,其通过中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞计数获得,整合了这两种白细胞亚型的信息,受其它因素影响较单一种类细胞小,使得其在临床应用中可能较白细胞计数或中性粒细胞计数有更好的预测价值[4,8]。NLR升高在多种心血管疾病中提示预后不良,如冠状动脉疾病[9-12]、心力衰竭[13-15]、及心房纤颤[16-18],并可作为发生高血压的预测因子[19-21]。
在本研究中,我们发现高血压合并蛋白尿组的NLR明显高于高血压组,且NLR与MAU呈正相关,提示NLR升高可能促进高血压患者MAU的发生。刘建峰等[8]发现,高血压人群中,肾小球滤过率估值(eGFR)下降者NLR水平明显高于eGFR正常者,eGFR与NLR呈负相关,提示NLR水平的变化可能反映肾功能的变化。以上研究均提示,NLR可能是原发性高血压患者早期肾功能损害的独立危险因素。
在高血压患者,与微量白蛋白尿明确相关且常用的炎症指标为超敏C反应蛋白[22]及同型半胱氨酸[23],在本研究中,亦发现微量白蛋白尿与上述两种指标呈正相关。同时,在Logistics多元回归中,NLR与MAU的相关系数小于同型半胱氨酸,但明显大于超敏C反应蛋白,提示其与MAU的相关性可能强于超敏C反应蛋白。由于血细胞分析是临床工作实践中的常规检查,与同型半胱氨酸及超敏C反应蛋白相比,无需进一步特殊化验,价格低廉,因此,其可能具有一定的临床参考价值。
但目前仍有些问题尚未解决。首先,NLR的正常值范围尚未建立;其次,高血压患者经常合并各种疾病,如糖尿病、肾病等,且常同时服用多种药物,这些均可在一定程度上影响中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞计数;最后,本文入选样本量偏小,且为单中心研究,需要进一步扩大样本量及多中心抽样,以进一步完善相关根据。
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Relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and microalbuminuriain essential hypertensive patients
CHENG Yunpeng1, SUN Yancui1, ZHU Yanqiu2, ZHANG Ying1, LU Yan1, JIANG Yinong1
(1.DepartmentofCardiology,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofDalianMedicalUniversity,Dalian116011,China;2.DepartmentofUltrasonic,theAffiliatedZhongshanHospitalofDalianUniversity,Dalian116001,China)
Objective To assess the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and microalbuminuria (MAU) in essential hypertensive (EH) patients and to compare the diagnostic efficacy of microalbuminuria between NLR and homocysteine (Hcy), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Methods A total of 222 adult hospitalized EH subjects were divided into EH+MAU (MAU) group (n=101) and EH group (n=121) according to whether combined with MAU. Background data, including gender, age, smoking, body weight, height, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cholesterol, glycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hcy, hs-CRP, creatinine, and history of medication of statins or ACEI/ARB were collected. BMI, creatinine clearance, urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), and NLR were calculated respectively. Results Compared with the EH group, the SBP, DBP, Hcy, hs-CRP and NLR of MAU group were significantly increased (166.16±20.24) vs. (75.24±20.25) mmHg, (104.56±12.74) vs. (109.99±16.35) mmHg, (0.84±0.15) vs. (0.92±0.10) μmol/L, (1.08±1.05) vs. (3.04±6.91) mg/L, (1.78±0.80) vs. (1.29±0.36),P<0.05, respectively. NLR was positively correlated with UACR (r=0.260,P=0.000). Logistics multivariate regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficient of NLR and MAU was lower than that of Hcy, but significantly higher than that of hs-CRP. Conclusion NLR could probably be an independent risk factor of MAU in hypertensive patients, the association of NLR with MAU might be weaker than that of Hcy, but higher than that of hs-CRP.
neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; early renal damage; essential hypertension
程云鹏(1981-),男,副教授。E-mail:yunpeng_cheng@hotmail.com
姜一农,教授。E-mail:yinongjiang@126.com
10.11724/jdmu.2017.01.13
R544
A
1671-7295(2017)01-0058-04
程云鹏,孙彦翠,祝艳秋,等.原发性高血压患者血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与微量白蛋白尿的关系[J].大连医科大学学报,2017,39(1):58-61.
2016-11-03;
2016-12-25)