推荐论文摘要

白宇冰，王秋莹，吕瑞涛，等

推荐论文摘要

钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

白宇冰，王秋莹，吕瑞涛，等

钙钛矿太阳能电池自2009年被提出以来取得了迅猛的进展，其性能甚至超越了其他类型电池多年的积累，在2013年被《Science》评为国际十大科技进展之一。截至目前，钙钛矿电池已经取得了转换效率为20.1%的佳绩，并在不久的未来有望继续迅速突破。本文主要总结了2014年至今钙钛矿电池研究所取得的部分最新进展，从钙钛矿太阳能电池的基本结构、工作机理、界面调控、制备工艺等方面出发，针对提高电池效率及稳定性、环境友好化等几个亟待改进的问题进行概述总结。本文在现有研究成果的基础上，对未来仍需努力的方向进行展望，有助于我国研究者迅速了解钙钛矿太阳能电池研究的最新动向并取得进一步突破。

钙钛矿太阳能电池；转换效率；稳定性；环境友好

来源出版物：科学通报, 2016, 61(4-5): 489-500

联系邮箱：吕瑞涛，lvruitao@tsinghua.edu.cn

二硒化铁/还原氧化石墨烯的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

刘学文，朱重阳，董辉，等

摘要：通过水热反应合成出二硒化铁/还原氧化石墨烯（FeSe2/rGO）复合材料，并将其作为对电极材料应用于染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）。利用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜对FeSe2/rGO的结构和形貌进行了表征。利用循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱和Tafel曲线测试分析了FeSe2/rGO对电极的电催化活性。结果表明：FeSe2呈纳米棒结构，长度在100～200 nm之间，且紧密地附着在rGO的表面，FeSe2/rGO对电极对I3-的还原具有很好的催化活性。电池的J-V曲线测试显示：基于FeSe2/rGO对电极的DSSC的转换效率达到了8.90%，相比基于单纯的FeSe2对电极的DSSC（7.91%）和rGO对电极的DSSC（5.24%）都有了显著提高，甚至优于铂对电极的DSSC（8.52%）。

关键词：二硒化铁；石墨烯；对电极；染料敏化太阳能电池

来源出版物：物理学报, 2016, 65(11): 118802-118802

联系邮箱：孙立涛，slt@seu.edu.cn

高效率钙钛矿型太阳能电池的化学稳定性及其研究进展

郭旭东，牛广达，王立铎

摘要：近几年来，钙钛矿太阳能电池器件光电转换效率的最高纪录不断被刷新，但是关于钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的研究报道比较缺乏。钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性问题已经成为制约钙钛矿太阳能电池继续发展的瓶颈。简要讨论了水氧气氛、温度变化、湿法制备、紫外光照等不同敏感环境条件下钙钛矿太阳能电池的化学稳定性问题，进而对一定环境条件下钙钛矿太阳能电池的化学稳定性及其调控的研究现状进行了综述，旨在更好地理解钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的基础理论问题，为实现钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的调控提供基本依据。

关键词：钙钛矿型太阳能电池；高效率；化学稳定性；环境条件；调控

来源出版物：化学学报, 2014, 73(3): 211-218

联系邮箱：王立铎，chldwang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

全固态介观太阳能电池：从染料敏化到钙钛矿

荣耀光，梅安意，刘林峰，等

摘要：介观太阳能电池（Mesoscopic Solar Cells）作为新一代太阳能电池的突出代表，具有原材料来源丰富，制备工艺简单，光电转换效率高等优点，从而具有广阔的应用前景。本工作简要评述了全固态介观太阳能电池从染料敏化太阳能电池（Dye-sensitized solar cells）发展到钙钛矿太阳能电池（Perovskite solar cells）过程中新材料、新技术和新概念的研究进展。1998年，Grätzel课题组首次将固态有机空穴传输材料spiro-OMeTAD应用到染料敏化太阳能电池中，制备出全固态染料敏化太阳能电池，虽然仅获得了0.74%的光电转换效率，但是却使得全固态染料敏化太阳能电池迅速发展成为介观太阳能电池的重要研究方向。2012年，Park与Grätzel课题组合作，使用钙钛矿型吸光材料（CH3NH3）PbI3作为敏化剂，spiro-OMeTAD作为空穴收集层，制备出光电转换效率达到9.7%的全固态介观太阳能电池，又被称为钙钛矿太阳能电池。自此，基于钙钛矿材料的介观太阳能电池迅速成为太阳能电池领域的研究热点。目前，钙钛矿太阳能电池的最高公证效率已经达到20.1%。钙钛矿太阳能电池作为介观太阳能电池商业化道路上里程碑式的突破，在材料开发、界面优化以及器件稳定性方面的研究仍充满挑战，也期待新的突破。

关键词：介观太阳能电池；全固态；染料敏化；钙钛矿；对电极

来源出版物：化学学报, 2015, 73(3): 237-251

联系邮箱：韩宏伟，han@mail.hust.edu.cn

多孔TiO2层厚度对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

朱立峰，石将建，李冬梅，等

摘要：制备了基于不同厚度（100～500 nm）多孔TiO2层的钙钛矿太阳能电池，并用SEM、XRD、紫外-可见吸收谱、电压-电流曲线、电化学阻抗谱进行了表征。研究发现，多孔TiO2薄膜厚度对电池性能有很大影响，即随着多孔TiO2薄膜厚度的增加，短路电流略有提高，而开路电压和填充因子呈下降趋势；但同时，较厚的多孔TiO2薄膜可有效减弱滞回现象。进一步采用电化学阻抗谱和暗态电流-电压曲线研究了载流子复合。电化学阻抗谱表明，膜厚增加会增大载流子复合但不会改变二极管理想因子。通过拟合暗态电流-电压曲线得到反向饱和电流，随着膜厚增加，反向饱和电流会增大，从而加剧了载流子复合。通过优化多孔TiO2薄膜厚度，基于150 nm多孔TiO2薄膜钙钛矿电池的认证效率达到15.56%。

关键词：钙钛矿；太阳能电池；载流子复合；二氧化钛；膜厚度

来源出版物：化学学报, 2015, 73(3): 261-266

联系邮箱：孟庆波，qbmeng@iphy.ac.cn

聚合物-富勒烯太阳能电池器件物理研究进展

刘震，徐丰，严大东，等

摘要：近期共轭聚合物-富勒烯太阳能电池的器件效率已突破10%并接近商业应用的标准，在科研和产业领域引起了广泛关注。伴随器件效率的提升，对有机太阳能电池器件物理过程的认识也在不断深入。本文就近年来聚合物太阳能电池的代表性工作进行综述，着重介绍提高器件效率的新方法，涵盖三相本体异质结、反向器件、等离激元共振效应和叠层器件等热点技术；并就器件工作的物理过程进行探讨，介绍热激子分离理论、非整数次电荷复合等新观点。通过材料设计、器件表征优化和理论计算等方法对聚合物太阳能电池进行的综合研究将有力推进这一新兴领域的发展和产业化。

关键词：有机太阳能电池；器件物理；进展；聚合物-富勒烯；效率

来源出版物：化学学报, 2014, 72(2): 171-184

联系邮箱：严大东，yandd@bnu.edu.cn.

非富勒烯小分子有机太阳能电池电子受体材料的研究进展

付钰，王芳，张燕，等

摘要：富勒烯及其衍生物是一类重要的n-型电子受体材料，在有机太阳能电池器件中发挥了至关重要的作用。但由于富勒烯材料吸光波长较窄、亲和能高、溶解性差等，严重限制了富勒烯作为有机太阳能电池n-型电子受体材料的更广泛应用和器件性能的进一步提升。非富勒烯n-型电子受体材料具有能级可调、合成简便、加工成本低、溶解性能优异等特点，更重要的是，此类材料在可见太阳光光谱中比富勒烯及其衍生物材料有更加宽广的吸收范围;近年来，受到越来越多的关注和研究。本文较为系统地阐述了非富勒烯小分子材料作为有机太阳能电池n-型电子受体材料的研究进展，并对其发展前景作了展望。

关键词：n-型小分子电子受体材料；宽光谱吸收；可溶液加工；有机光伏器件

来源出版物：化学学报, 2014, 72(2): 158-170

联系邮箱：赖文勇，iamwylai@njupt.edu.cn

来源出版物：Nature Nanotechnology, 2016, 11(1): 75-81

联系邮箱：You, JB; yangy@ucla.edu

Nonfullerene polymer solar cells with 8.5% efficiency enabled by a new highly twisted electron acceptor dimer

Hwang, YJ; Li, HY; Courtright, BAE; et al.

Abstract:Fullerene-free and processing additive-free 8.5% efficient polymer solar cells are achieved by using a new 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-linked arylene diimide dimer with a 76° twist angle. The devices combine high (78%–83%) external quantum efficiency with high (0.91–0.95 V) photovoltages and thus have relatively low optical bandgap energy loss.

来源出版物：Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(1): 124-131

联系邮箱：Jenekhe, SA; jenekhe@u.washington.edu

Monolithic perovskite/silicon-heterojunction tandem solar cells processed at low temperature

Albrecht, S; Saliba, M; Baena, JPC; et al.

Abstract:Tandem solar cells combining silicon and perovskite absorbers have the potential to outperform state-of-the-art high efficiency silicon single junction devices. However, the practical fabrication of monolithic silicon/perovskite tandem solar cells is challenging as material properties and processing requirements such as temperature restrict the device design. Here, we fabricate an 18% efficient monolithic tandem cell formed by a silicon heterojunction bottom- and a perovskite top-cell enabling a very high open circuit voltage of 1.78 V. The monolithic integration was realizedvialow temperature processing of the semitransparent perovskite sub-cell where an energetically aligned electron selective contact was fabricated by atomic layer deposition of tin oxide. The hole selective, transparent top contact was formed by a stack of the organic hole transport material spiro-OMeTAD, molybdenum oxide and sputtered indium tin oxide. The tandem cell design is currently limited by the photocurrent generated in the silicon bottom cell that is reduced due to reflectance losses. Based on optical modelling and first experiments, we show that these losses can be significantly reduced by combining optical optimization of the device architecture including light trapping approaches.

来源出版物：Energy & Environmental Science, 2016, 9(1): 81-88

联系邮箱：Albrecht, S; steve.albrecht@helmholtz-berlin.de

A nonfullerene small molecule acceptor with 3D interlocking geometry enabling efficient organic solar cells

Lee, J; Singh, R; Sin, DH; et al.

Abstract:A new 3D nonfullerene small-molecule acceptor is reported. The 3D interlocking geometry of the smallmolecule acceptor enables uniform molecular conformation and strong intermolecular connectivity, facilitating favorable nanoscale phase separation and electron charge transfer. By employing both a novel polymer donor and a nonfullerene small-molecule acceptor in the solution-processed organic solar cells, a high-power conversion efficiency of close to 6% is demonstrated.

来源出版物：Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(1): 69-76

联系邮箱：Cho, K; kwcho@postech.ac.kr

Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells

Jeon, NJ; Noh, JH; Yang, WS; et al.

Abstract:Of the many materials and methodologies aimed at producing low-cost, efficient photovoltaic cells, inorganic-organic lead halide perovskite materialsappear particularly promising for next-generation solar devices owing to their high power conversion efficiency. The highest efficiencies reported for perovskite solar cells so far have been obtained mainly with methylammonium lead halide materials. Here we combine the promising—owing to its comparatively narrow bandgap—but relatively unstable formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) with methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) as the light-harvesting unit in a bilayer solar-cell architecture. We investigated phase stability, morphology of the perovskite layer, hysteresis in current–voltage characteristics, and overall performance as a function of chemical composition. Our results show that incorporation of MAPbBr3into FAPbI3stabilizes the perovskite phase of FAPbI3and improves the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell to more than 18 per cent under a standard illumination of 100 milliwatts per square centimetre. These findings further emphasize the versatility and performance potentialof inorganic–organic lead halide perovskite materials for photovoltaic applications.

来源出版物：Nature, 2015, 517(7535): 476-480

联系邮箱：Seok, SI; seoksi@krict.re.kr

High-efficiency solution-processed perovskite solar cells with millimeter-scale grains

Nie, WY; Tsai, HH; Asadpour, R; et al.

Abstract:State-of-the-art photovoltaics use high-purity, large-area, wafer-scale single-crystalline semiconductors grown by sophisticated, high-temperature crystal growth processes. We demonstrate a solution-based hot-casting technique to grow continuous, pinhole-free thin films of organometallic perovskites with millimeter-scale crystalline grains. We fabricated planar solar cells with efficiencies approaching 18%, with little cell-to-cell variability. The devices show hysteresis-free photovoltaic response, which had been a fundamental bottleneck for the stable operation of perovskite devices. Characterization and modeling attribute the improved performance to reduced bulk defects and improved charge carrier mobility in large-grain devices. We anticipate that this technique will lead the field toward synthesis of wafer-scale crystalline perovskites, necessary for the fabrication of high-efficiency solar cells, and will be applicable to several other material systems plagued by polydispersity, defects, and grain boundary recombination in solution-processed thin films.

来源出版物：Science, 2015, 347(6221): 522-525

联系邮箱：Mohite, AD; hwang@lanl.gov

Understanding the rate-dependentJ–Vhysteresis, slow time component, and aging in CH3NH3PbI3perovskite solar cells: the role of a compensated electric field

Tress, W; Marinova, N; Moehl, T; et al.

Abstract:In this work we show that the rate-dependent hysteresis seen in current–voltage scans of CH3NH3PbI3perovskite solar cells is related to a slow field-induced process that tends to cancel the electric field in the device at each applied bias voltage. It is attributed to the build-up of space charge close to the contacts, independent of illumination and most likely due to ionic displacement, which is enhanced when the device undergoes aging. This process can also lead to a reduction of the open-circuit voltage or the steady-state photocurrent and does not directly correlate with the development of the hysteresis if it is measured at a fixed voltage sweep rate.

来源出版物：Energy & Environmental Science, 2015, 8(3): 995-1004

联系邮箱：Tress, W; wolfgang.tress@epfl.ch

Single-junction polymer solar cells with high efficiency and photovoltage

He, ZC; Xiao, B; Liu, F; et al.

Abstract:Polymer solar cells are an exciting class of nextgeneration photovoltaics, because they hold promise for the realization of mechanically flexible, lightweight, large-area devices that can be fabricated by room- temperature solution processing. High power conversion efficiencies of 10% have already been reported in tandem polymer solar cells. Here, we report that similar efficiencies are achievable in single-junction devices by reducing the tail state density below the conduction band of the electron acceptor in a high-performance photoactive layer made from a newly developed semiconducting polymer with a deepened valence energy level. Control over band tailing is realized through changes in the composition of the active layer and the structure order of the blend, both of which are known to be important factors in cell operation. The approach yields cells with high power conversion efficiencies (9.94% certified) and enhanced photovoltage.

来源出版物：Nature Photonics, 2015, 9(3): 174-179

联系邮箱：Wu, HB; hbwu@scut.edu.cn

Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells

Zhou, HP; Chen, Q; Li, G; et al.

Abstract:Advancing perovskite solar cell technologies toward their theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) requires delicate control over the carrier dynamics throughout the entire device. By controlling the formation of the perovskite layer and careful choices of other materials, we suppressed carrier recombination in the absorber, facilitated carrier injection into the carrier transport layers, and maintained good carrier extraction at the electrodes. When measured via reverse bias scan, cell PCE is typically boosted to 16.6% on average, with the highest efficiency of ～19.3% in a planar geometry without antireflective coating. The fabrication of our perovskite solar cells was conducted in air and from solution at low temperatures, which should simplify manufacturing of large-area perovskite devices that are inexpensive and perform at high levels.

来源出版物：Science, 2014, 345(6196): 542-546

联系邮箱：Yang, Y; yangy@ucla.edu

Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells

Jeon, NJ; Noh, JH; Kim, YC; et al.

Abstract:Organolead trihalide perovskite materials have been successfully used as light absorbers in efficient photovoltaic cells. Two different cell structures, based on mesoscopic metal oxides and planar heterojunctions have already demonstrated very impressive advances in performance. Here, we report a bilayer architecture comprising the key features of mesoscopic and planar structures obtained by a fully solution-based process. We used CH3NH3Pb(I1−xBrx)3(x= 0.1–0.15) as the absorbing layer and poly(triarylamine) as a hole-transporting material. The use of a mixed solvent of γ-butyrolactone and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) followed by toluenedropcasting leads to extremely uniform and dense perovskite layers via a CH3NH3I–PbI2–DMSO intermediate phase, and enables the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with a certified power-conversion efficiency of 16.2% and no hysteresis. These results provide important progress towards the understanding of the role of solutionprocessing in the realization of low-cost and highly efficient perovskite solar cells.

来源出版物：Nature Materials, 2014, 13(9): 897-903

联系邮箱：Il Seol, S; seoksi@krict.re.kr

Perovskite solar cells with a planar heterojunction structure prepared using room-temperature solution processing techniques

Liu, DY; Kelly, TL

Abstract:Organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells that combine a mesoporous scaffold, a perovskite light absorber and an organic hole transporter have emerged at the forefront of solution-processable photovoltaic devices; however, they require processing temperatures of up to 500 °C to sinter the mesoporous metal-oxide support. Here, we report the use of a thin film of ZnO nanoparticles as an electron-transport layer in CH3NH3PbI3-based solar cells; in contrast to mesoporous TiO2, the ZnO layer is both substantially thinner and requires no sintering. We took advantage of these facts to prepare flexible solar cells with power-conversion efficiencies in excess of 10%. The use of ZnO also results in improvements to device performance for cells prepared on rigid substrates. Solar cells based on this design exhibit power-conversion efficiencies as high as 15.7% when measured under AM1.5G illumination, which makes them some of the highest-performing perovskite solar cells reported to date.

来源出版物：Nature Photonics, 2014, 8(2): 133-138

联系邮箱：Kelly, TL; tim.kelly@usask.ca

Anomalous hysteresis in perovskite solar cells

Snaith, HJ; Abate, A; Ball, JM

Abstract:Perovskite solar cells have rapidly risen to the forefront of emerging photovoltaic technologies, exhibiting rapidly rising efficiencies. This is likely to continue to rise, but in the development of these solar cells there are unusual characteristics that have arisen, specifically an anomalous hysteresis in the current–voltage curves. We identify this phenomenon and show some examples of factors that make the hysteresis more or less extreme. We also demonstrate stabilized power output under working conditions and suggest that this is a useful parameter to present, alongside the current-voltage scan derived power conversion efficiency. We hypothesize three possible origins of the effect and discuss its implications on device efficiency and future research directions. Understanding and resolving the hysteresis is essential for further progress and is likely to lead to a further step improvement in performance.

关键词：current−voltage curves; hysteresis; perovskite; photovoltaics; solar cell; stability

来源出版物：The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2014, 5(9): 1511-1515

联系邮箱：Snaith, HJ; h.snaith1@physics.ox.ac.uk

Single-junction polymer solar cells exceeding 10% power conversion efficiency

Chen, JD; Cui, CH; Li, YQ; et al.

Abstract:A single-junction polymer solar cell with an efficiency of 10.1% is demonstrated by using deterministic aperiodic nanostructures for broadband light harvesting with optimum charge extraction. The performance enhancement is ascribed to the self-enhanced absorption due to collective effects, including pattern-induced anti-reflection and light scattering, as well as surface plasmonic resonance, together with a minimized recombination probability.

来源出版物：Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(6): 1035-1041

联系邮箱：Li, YQ; yqli@suda.edu.cn

编辑：王微

Improved air stability of perovskite solar cells via solution-processed metal oxide transport layers

You, JB; Meng, L; Song TB; et al.

Lead halide perovskite solar cells have recently attracted tremendous attention because of their excellent photovoltaic efficiencies. However, the poor stability of both the perovskite material and the charge transport layers has so far prevented the fabrication of devices that can withstand sustained operation under normal conditions. Here, we report a solution-processed lead halide perovskite solar cell that has p-type NiOxand n-type ZnO nanoparticles as hole and electron transport layers, respectively, and shows improved stability against water and oxygen degradation when compared with devices with organic charge transport layers. Our cells have a p–i–n structure (glass/indium tin oxide/NiOx/perovskite/ZnO/Al), in which the ZnO layer isolates the perovskite and Al layers, thuspreventing degradation. After 60 days storage in air at room temperature, our all-metal-oxide devices retain about 90% of their original efficiency, unlike control devices made with organic transport layers, which undergo a complete degradation after just 5 days. The initial power conversion efficiency of our devices is 14.6 ± 1.5%, with an uncertified maximum value of 16.1%.