李国锋 谢永灿
1)广东罗定市中医院普外科 罗定 527200 2)广东罗定市人民医院普外科 罗定 527200
腹腔镜下门奇静脉断流加脾切除术效果观察
李国锋1)谢永灿2)
1)广东罗定市中医院普外科罗定5272002)广东罗定市人民医院普外科罗定527200
目的探讨腹腔镜下脾切除+门奇静脉断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的效果。方法选取65例2013-06-2015-06间收治的肝硬化门静脉高压症患者,根据手术方式的不同分为2组。腔镜组36例采用腹腔镜下门奇静脉断流术+脾切除术,开腹组29例采用传统开腹手术。比较2组治疗效果。结果65例均成功手术。腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组,术中出血量、术后下床时间、平均排气时间、住院时间及术后并发症发生率均少于或短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下门奇静脉断流术+脾切除治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症,近期疗效优于传统开腹手术。
门静脉高压症;腹腔镜;脾切除;门奇静脉断流术
门静脉高压食管曲张静脉破裂出血是患者的主要致死原因。临床多选用脾切除+门奇静脉断流术治疗[1]。2013-06—2015-06,我们选取36例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者,择期在腹腔镜下行门奇静脉断流术+脾脏切除,近期效果满意,现报道如下。
1.1一般资料本组共65例患者,均根据临床表现、实验室检查和影像学检查结果确诊为肝硬化门静脉高压症。根据手术方式不同将患者分为2组。腔镜组36例中男27例,女9例;年龄30~70岁,平均55.40岁。脾脏:(269×106×52)mm。肝功能A级25例,B级11例[2]。乙肝32例、血吸虫1例,酒精2例,其他1例。开腹组29例中男21例,女8例;年龄33~59岁,平均50.12岁。脾脏:(254×97×61)mm。肝功能A级23例、B级6例。乙肝26例,血吸虫1例,酒精1例,其他1例。2组患者的性别、年龄、肝功能分级等比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),有可比性。
1.2方法均在气管插管全身麻醉下施术。开腹组:入腹。切除脾脏后行贲门周围血管离断术。脾窝置入引流管,关腹。腔镜组:(1)取低腿截石位。脐缘切口穿刺建立气腹,压力(10~12)mmHg。穿刺10 mm Trocar置入30°腹腔镜。左锁骨中线肋缘下、右锁骨中线肋缘下、剑突下、左锁骨中线与脐水平线交点上约5 cm处,分别穿刺置入Trocar。以左锁骨中线肋缘下穿刺12 mm Trocar为切脾的主操作孔,依据术中需求更换主操作孔。(2)脾切除:通过超声刀自脾下极处,依次处理脾胃韧带、脾结肠韧带、脾肾韧带、脾膈韧带及脾蒂。碎脾后将其取出。(3)门奇静脉断流术:患者改仰卧位,分离胃结肠韧带后,提起胃大弯,从下方解剖出胃左动、静脉,夹闭后离断。紧贴胃壁向小弯侧近端逐步依次离断食管前后两侧的迷走神经,继续游离食管下段6~8 cm,离断注入食管下段和贲门周围的所有血管。
1.3观察指标观察2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、排气时间、并发症及住院时间等[3]。
2.12组患者近期效果情况对比65例手术均获成功。腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组,术中出血量、术后下床时间、排气时间及住院时间均明显优于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
表1 2组患者近期效果比较±s)
2.22组术后并发症情况对比腔镜组术后并发症发生率8.3%,明显低于开腹组的48.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
表2 2组并发症比较[n(%)]
我们对门静脉高压患者实施腹腔镜下门奇静脉断流+脾切除术,并与开腹手术进行比较,结果显示,腹腔镜手术安全性高、近期疗效确切。但手术需严格掌握适应证[4]:(1)脾脏周围无明显炎症粘连。(2)无凝血功能障碍。(3)排除Child C级、不耐受者及心肺疾病患者。腹腔镜下门奇静脉断流术中较常见的并发症为术中出血,这也是中途转开腹手术的主要原因。故手术成功的关键是避免术中出血。因此术中分离胃短血管时采用LigaSure新型超声刀,解剖时动作小心轻柔,多以钝头为主[5]。腹腔镜下门奇静脉断流手术中将贲门周围血管给予彻底离断,尤其是高位食管支与左膈下静脉,这是开腹手术所不具备的。沿着贲门右侧食管下段右后方上行,尽量分离至贲门上6~8 cm或更高部位,以避免或减少高位食管支的遗漏[6],提高手术成功率。
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(收稿2016-03-04)
Clinical effect of laparoscopic portal azygous vein disconnection combined with splenectomy and conventional operation
LiGuofeng1)XieYongcan2)
1)Departmentofgeneralsurgery,LuodingHospitalofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Guangdong,527200,China. 2)Departmentofgeneralsurgery,LuodingPeople'sHospital,Guangdong,527200,China
ObjectiveTo study the clinical effect of laparoscopic splenectomy combined with portal azygous vein disconnection and conventional laparotomy in the treatment of portal hypertension. MethodsTotally 65 patients with portal hypertension treated from June 2013 to June 2015 in our hospital were selected. The patients were divided into two groups according to different operation methods, 36 cases in each group. The observation group adopted laparoscopic portal azygous vein disconnection combined with splenectomy; the control group adopted the conventional laparotomy. The clinical effect for two groups was observed. ResultsThe operation was successful. The average operation time for observation group was longer than that of control group. The intraoperative bleeding amount, time of leaving bed, average evacuation time and hospital stays of observation group was better than that of control group. The incidence rate of complications (7.7%) of observation group was lower than that of control group (46.2%) (P<0.05). ConclusionLaparoscopic portal azygous devascularization operation + spleen resection for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension recently and the curative effect is better than traditional open surgery and is worthy of clinical application.
Cirrhosis; Portal Hypertension; Laparoscopic; Splenectomy + Portal Azygous Vein Disconnection; Clinical Effect
R657.3+4
B
1077-8991(2016)05-0005-02