邓浩辉,许敏,高洪波,关玉娟
广州地区424例乙型肝炎患者病毒基因亚型分布与乙型肝炎疾病谱的关系探讨*
邓浩辉,许敏,高洪波,关玉娟
目的调查广州地区乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因亚型分布情况,并探讨其与HBV感染疾病谱的关系。方法采用直接测序法测定S基因序列并构建基于S基因进化树,对424例HBV感染者进行研究,随机选择慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)137例,HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HB-ACLF)90例,肝硬化(LC)90例和肝细胞癌(HCC)107例,应用SPSS 13.0软件进行x2检验、方差分析和多元Logistic回归分析。结果在424例HBV感染者中,B2亚型269例(63.44%),C1亚型117例(27.59%),C2亚型36例(8.49%),C5亚型2例(0.47%),未发现其他亚型;CHB患者感染HBV B2亚型、C1亚型、C2亚型和C5亚型分别为70.1%、24.09%、5.11%和0.73%;HB-ACLF患者感染HBV B2亚型、C1亚型和C2亚型分别为87.78%、7.78%、4.44%,其中HBV B2基因亚型显著高于CHB(x2=9.641,P=0.002)、LC(x2=19.565,P=0.000)、HCC患者(x2=26.789,P=0.000);LC患者感染HBV B2亚型、C1亚型和C2亚型分别为50.00%、36.67%、13.33%,其中HBV C1和C2亚型显著高于CHB患者(x2=6.262,P=0.012;x2=4.790,P=0.029)或HB-ACLF患者(x2=25.894,P=0.000;x2=4.390,P=0.036);HCC患者感染HBV B2亚型、C1亚型、C2亚型和C5亚型分别为45.79%、41.12%、12.15%、0.93%,其中HBV C1和C2亚型也显著高于CHB患者(x2=11.264,P=0.001;x2=3.957,P=0.047)或HB-ACLF患者(x2=28.327,P=0.000;x2=3.904,P=0.048);LC和HCC患者HBV C1和C2基因亚型无明显差异(x2=0.429,P=0.512;x2=0.804,P=0.833);多因素Logistic回归分析提示B2亚型是HB-ACLF发生的危险因素(OR=2.597,95%CI=1.145~5.891,P=0.022),C型是HCC发生的危险因素(OR=3.257,95%CI=1.49~7.194,P=0.003)。结论广州地区HBV基因亚型主要由B2、C1和C2亚型构成,同时也存在C5亚型;广州地区B2亚型感染者可能更易发生HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭,而C1和C2亚型感染者可能更易进展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌。
乙型肝炎;HBV基因亚型;直接测序法;进化树
本研究采用S基因直接测序并构建基于S基因进化树法对HBV进行分型,对广州地区424例HBV感染者进行基因亚型测定,以探讨HBV基因亚型与HBV感染不同疾病谱的关系。
1.1研究对象2011年3月~2015年8月于我院门诊或住院的HBV感染者424例,其中CHB 137例,HB-ACLF 90例,LC 90例,HCC 107例。CHB和LC的诊断符合2015年中华医学会发布的《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》的诊断标准[1],HB-ACLF的诊断符合2012年中华医学会感染病学分会肝衰竭与人工肝学组和中华医学会肝病学分会重型肝病与人工肝学组发布的《肝衰竭诊治指南》的诊断标准[2],HCC的诊断符合2011年中华人民共和国卫生部发布的《原发性肝癌诊疗规范》的诊断标准[3]。
1.2血清HBV DNA检测及基因分型使用德国QIAGEN公司生产的QIAamp DNA mini kit提取血清DNA,取血清DNA 200μL,保存于-20℃冰箱备检。使用Primer Premier 6.0软件,根据HBV保守序列设计引物(引物由广州英韦创津公司合成),行半巢式PCR反应,扩增S基因。引物序列如下:P1(5' -CCTCCTCCTGCCTCCACCAAT-3'3121-3141),P2(5'-GCAGTATGGATCGGCAGAGGAG-3'1274-12 53),P3(5'-CCCAACTTCCAATTACATATCCCAT-3'901-877)。使用QIAGEN DNA纯化试剂盒纯化后送广州英韦创津公司进行测序,测序引物为P4(5' -ATGAATTCCCTGCTGGTGGCTCCAGTTCC-3' 48-75),测序仪器为ABI 3730 DNA测序仪,使用Bioedit软件查看序列峰图。在NCBI GenBank数据库中查找已经确定的HBV亚型序列,使用Mega 5.0软件Neighbor-joining法构建基于S基因的基因进化树进行分型。
2.1年龄和性别比较424例HBV感染者年龄和性别比较见表1,CHB患者男性显著少于HB-ACLF患者(x2=9.512,P=0.002)或HCC患者(x2=11.858,P=0.001);CHB患者年龄显著小于HB-ACLF患者(t=-2.243,P=0.029)、LC患者(t=-2.790,P=0.07)或HCC患者(t=-2.516,P=0.015),HB-ACLF患者年龄显著小于LC患者(t=-2.612,P=0.012)。
表1 各组HBV感染者年龄和性别(n?±s)比较
表1 各组HBV感染者年龄和性别(n?±s)比较
与CHB组比,①P<0.05;与HB-ACLF组比,②P<0.05
例数性别(男/女)年龄(岁)CHB137104/3332.3±10.5 HB-ACLF9083/7①38.5±12.1①LC9076/1449.6±11.2①②HCC10799/8①43.5±11.4①
2.2HBV基因分型情况对第二轮PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后可见目的片度,大小约为1000 bp,与设计扩增片段大小相符(图1)。对PCR阳性产物测序后经进化树分析确定其基因亚型。在424例HBV感染者中,发现B2亚型269例(63.44%),C1亚型117例(27.59%),C2亚型36例(8.49%),C5亚型2例(0.47%),未发现其他亚型。
图1 HBV S基因产物琼脂糖电泳图
2.3各组HBV感染者HBV基因亚型比较HB-ACLF患者HBV B2基因型显著高于CHB(x2=9.641,P=0.002)、LC(x2=19.565,P=0.000)、HCC患者(x2= 26.789,P=0.000);LC患者HBV C1和C2亚型显著高于CHB(x2=6.262,P=0.012;x2=4.790,P=0.029)和HB-ACLF患者(x2=25.894,P=0.000;x2=4.390,P=0.036);HCC患者HBV C1和C2亚型也显著高于CHB(x2=11.264,P=0.001;x2=3.957,x2=0.047)和HBACLF患者(x2=28.327,P=0.000;x2=3.904,P=0.048);LC和HCC患者HBV C1和C2基因型无明显差异(x2=0.429,P=0.512;x2=0.804,P=0.833,表2)。
2.4HBV基因型与病情的关系分析因C2亚型感染患者例数较少,故将C1和C2亚型合并为C型进行分析,以性别、年龄、HBeAg、HBV基因型为变量,将CHB患者作为对照组,使用多因素Logistic回归进行分析,结果提示B2亚型是HB-ACLF发生的独立危险因素(P=0.022),C型为HCC发生的独立危险因素(P=0.003,表3、表4)。
表2 各组HBV感染者HBV基因亚型分布(%)比较
表3 HBV感染者发生HB-ACLF影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析
表4 HBV感染者发生HCC影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析
HBV基因型与HBV感染疾病谱、临床转归和抗病毒治疗疗效有关[4~6]。目前,根据HBV核苷酸全序列或S基因序列的异质性可以将HBV分为10个基因型[7~9]。HBV基因型又可以分为许多亚型,如B型和C型分别可被分为10多个亚型[10-17],不同地域流行的基因型并不一致。国内有学者曾研究我国HBV基因型分布,发现我国以B型和C型为主,占我国HBV基因型的95%以上,其中B基因型均为B2亚型,C型为C1和C2两种亚型,A型和D型较少。在我国西部地区还发现C/D基因型重组体[18]。
既往研究表明C5亚型主要流行于菲律宾等地区[15]。在本研究发现的2例患者中,1例为慢性乙型肝炎患者,来自广州佛山,1例为肝癌患者,来自番禺。两名患者均在广州出生、长大,未曾到国外居住或旅游,无输血和吸毒史。
既往研究表明HBV基因型与HBV感染疾病谱有关,如日本地区的B1型、美国地区的D型在暴发性肝炎的流行率较高[19~21],C型较B型易发生肝硬化和肝癌[22,23]。本研究发现HB-ACLF患者B2亚型比例明显多于其他亚型,但随着乙型肝炎慢性化的进展,C1和C2亚型患者比例逐渐升高,表明B2亚型易发生HB-ACLF,C1、C2亚型与乙型肝炎慢性化感染有关,易进展至肝硬化和肝癌。B2亚型较C1和C2亚型更容易使病毒活跃复制,从而促进HB-ACLF的发生;相反,C1和C2亚型更容易导致宿主对HBV免疫逃逸,从而导致HBV感染的慢性化。C1和C2亚型在LC和HCC患者分布无明显差异,与既往研究基本一致[4]。
本研究发现2例C5亚型感染者,下一步研究将对他们感染亚型进行HBV全基因序列测序,了解本地区流行的C5亚型的序列特点。另外,本研究为横断面研究,有必要对患者追踪观察,进一步探讨不同HBV基因亚型感染与HBV疾病谱的关系。
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(收稿:2016-04-15)
(本文编辑:陈从新)
Hepatitis B virus subgenotypes in 424 patients with hepatitis B,hepaticfailure,liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Guangzhou
Deng Haohui,Xu Min,Gao Hongbo,etal.
Department ofLiver Disease,Eighth People's Hospital,Guangzhou 510060,Guangdong Province,China Corresponding author:Guan Yujuan,E-mail:gz8hgyj@126.com
ObjectiveTo investigate hepatitis B virus(HBV)subgenotypes distribution and its implication in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Guangzhou.Methods424 patients were enrolled in this study,including 137 with chronic hepatitis B(CHB),90 with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(HB-ACLF),90 with 1iver cirrhosis(LC)and 107 with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HBV subgenotypes were determined by direct sequencing of HBV S gene and the phylogenetic tree was constructed.The data was compared by x2test,one way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis.ResultsOut of 424 patients with HBV infection,269(63.44%)were infected with HBV B2,117(27.59%with HBV C1,36(8.49%)with HBV C2 and 2(0.47%)with C5;the HBV B2,C1,C2 and C5 Infection in patients with CHB were 70.1%,24.09%,5.11%,0.73%;the HBV B2,C1 and C2 in patients with HB-ACLF were 87.78%,7.78%,4.44%,with HBV B2 subgenotpe significantly higher than in patients with CHB(x2=9.641,P=0.002),with LC(x2=19.565,P= 0.000)orwithHCC(x2=26.789,P=0.000);the subgenotypes of HBV B2,C1 and C2 in patients with LC were 50.00%,36.67%,13.33%,with HBV C1 and C2 subgenotpes significantly higher than in patients with CHB(x2=6.262,P=0.012,x2=4.790,P=0.029)or in patients with HB-ACLF(x2=25.894 P=0.000,x2=4.390,P=0.036);the subgenotypes of HBV B2,C1,C2 and C5 in HCC patients were 45.79%,41.12%,12.15%,0.93,with HBV C1 and C2 subgenotypes significantly higher than in patients with CHB(x2=11.264,P=0.001,x2=3.957,P= 0.047)or in patients with HB-ACLF(x2=28.327,P=0.000,x2=3.904,P=0.048);there was no significant difference between HCC patients with HBV C1 and C2 subgenotype infection and LC patients;Logistic regression analysis showed that HBV B2 subgenotype was the independent risk factor for HB-ACLF occurrence,and HBV C genotype wasthe independent risk factor for HCC occurrence.ConclusionHBV B2,C1,C2 are the most frequent HBV subgenotypes in Guangzhou.The HBV B2 subgenotpe is prevalent in patients with HB-ACLF and HBV C1 and C2 is frequent in patients with LC and HCC.
Hepatitis B;HBV Subgenotypes;Sequence analysis;Phylogenetic tree
10.3969/j.issn.1672-5069.2016.05.005
广州市科技计划项目(编号:2014Y2-00079)
510060广州市第八人民医院重症肝病科(邓浩辉,许敏,高洪波);肝病二科(关玉娟)
邓浩辉,男,31岁,硕士研究生,主治医师。主要从事病毒性肝炎防治研究。E-mail:gz8hdhh@126.com
关玉娟,E-mail:gz8hgyj@126.com