王百盛, 刘欣伟, 张敬东, 韩文锋, 何 勇, 刘海立
沈阳军区总医院 骨科,辽宁 沈阳 110016
·论著·
重组人促红素与蔗糖铁在人工全髋关节置换术围术期中应用
王百盛,刘欣伟,张敬东,韩文锋,何勇,刘海立
沈阳军区总医院 骨科,辽宁 沈阳110016
摘要:目的观察重组人促红素(rhEPO)与蔗糖铁在人工全髋关节置换术(THA)围术期中的应用疗效。方法选取自2015年9月至2016年3月沈阳军区总医院骨科收治的THA患者97例,按随机数字表分法分为对照组(48例)与观察组(49例)。对照组患者视血红蛋白(Hb)情况,给予口服铁剂,并在饮食中补充。观察组患者于手术前3 d开始,给予rhEPO,150 IU/kg皮下注射,每天1次,至术后第7天;同时,给予蔗糖铁100 mg静脉输液,每周3次。分别于手术后1、3、5、7 d 观察两组患者Hb含量和红细胞计数(RBC)的变化情况。结果术后,观察组患者Hb含量明显高于对照组,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的RBC水平也明显高于对照组,两组间比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合应用rhEPO与蔗糖铁治疗THA围术期贫血,效果满意,既能避免异体输血的相关风险,又能缓解目前用血紧张状态。
关键词:重组人促红素;蔗糖铁注射液;髋关节置换;围术期;贫血
DOI∶10.16048/j.issn.2095-5561.2016.03.05
人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)是治疗高龄股骨颈骨折、股骨头无菌性坏死等疾病的有效且成功的手术方式[1]。该手术创伤大,软组织剥离多,是目前公认的失血量最多的手术之一[2]。术后贫血常导致患者下床时间推迟,关节功能恢复缓慢,严重影响手术疗效[3]。目前,异体输血是纠正THA术后贫血最快、最有效的治疗方式;但在临床工作中,经常面临血源紧张及输血的各种风险[4-5]。重组人促红素(recombinant human erythropoietin,rhEPO)是一种通过基因重组技术在体外产生的活性糖蛋白,能够与红细胞表面的红细胞生成素受体结合,刺激骨髓中红系造血母细胞的增殖和分化,从而改善贫血症状[6]。本研究应用rhEPO联合蔗糖铁治疗THA围术期贫血,临床疗效满意。现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料选取自2015年9月至2016年3月沈阳军区总医院骨科收治的THA患者97例,按随机数字表法分为对照组(48例)及观察组(49例)。对照组:男性19例,女性29例;平均年龄(62.0±6.9)岁。观察组:男性19例,女性30例;平均年龄(66.0±8.5)岁。所有患者中,新鲜股骨颈骨折48例,陈旧性股骨颈骨折8例,股骨头无菌性坏死31例,先天性髋关节发育不良及髋关节骨性关节炎10例。所有THA假体均为强生公司pinnacle生物全髋关节(全陶)假体,且均为初次行单侧THA患者;排除双侧THA、人工半髋关节置换和髋关节翻修患者。两组患者在性别、年龄、体质量、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)水平、红细胞计数(red blood count,RBC)等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性(表1)。
组别性别/例(百分率/%)男性女性年龄/岁体质量/kgHb/g·L-1RBC/×1012个·L-1对照组(n=48)19(39.6)29(60.4)62.0±6.962.0±6.8129.2±11.14.2±1.4观察组(n=49)19(38.8)30(61.2)66.0±8.564.0±8.1131.8±10.44.2±1.1P值>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05>0.05
1.2治疗方法对照组:采用口服铁剂治疗及有效的饮食指导,当患者Hb<70 g/L时,适量给予输血。观察组:严格按照医嘱执行,于手术前3 d开始,给予rhEPO,150 IU/kg皮下注射,每天1次,至术后第7天;同时,静脉补充蔗糖铁100 mg,每周3次。
1.3观察指标分别于用药前及术后1、3、5、7 d观察两组患者Hb和RBC的变化情况,以及患者不良反应情况。
2结果
2.1两组患者用药前、后Hb水平比较用药前,两组患者Hb水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后,观察组患者各时间点Hb水平均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
组别用药前术后1d3d5d7d对照组129.2±11.1107.2±11.792.3±14.694.0±11.296.2±12.0观察组131.8±10.4112.4±12.798.1±11.2101.7±13.8105.4±11.3P值>0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05
2.2两组患者用药前、后RBC比较用药前,两组患者RBC比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后,观察组患者各时间点RBC均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
组别用药前术后1d3d5d7d对照组4.2±1.43.4±1.42.8±1.53.0±1.43.1±1.6观察组4.2±1.23.6±1.43.1±1.63.3±1.63.5±1.5P值>0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05
2.3不良反应用药过程中,两组患者均未发生明显的不良反应。
3讨论
目前,THA是治疗严重髋关节疾病可靠的手术方法,手术量逐年增加[7]。一般情况下,THA假体15~20年生存率为70%~80%,而且置换后能够立即达到缓解疼痛、矫正畸形的目的,极大提高患者的生存质量[8-9]。THA作为一项择期手术,存在大量失血和异体输血率较高等血液管理问题[10]。Rosencher等[11]的欧洲多中心调查显示,初次行单侧THA的患者围术期失血量约为1 944 ml。围术期大量、快速的出血会导致患者贫血;而且,术后重度贫血会导致关节内感染概率增加、康复时间延长,甚至会危胁患者的生命安全,增加患者死亡风险[12]。目前,异体输血是治疗THA围术期贫血的常规方案。Hart等[13]分析了2011年美国骨科统计数据,结果提示,9 362例接受初次单侧THA的患者中,接受异体输血者占22.2%。目前,虽然异体输血技术已有显著提高,但仍存在医源性感染、免疫反应、输血反应、住院费增加等风险及顾虑[14-15]。同时,我国临床用血需求量迅速增长,血液供应紧张现象日益突出,部分地区甚至出现“血荒”[16]。因此,减少临床用血,意义重大,不仅能保护珍贵的血液资源,而且能减少经血液传播的相关疾病[4-5]。
本研究在保证患者手术安全的前提下,充分调动患者自身造血潜能,以改善THA患者围术期的贫血状态。促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)是哺乳动物肾脏分泌的一种糖蛋白,它能够作用于红细胞生成的各个阶段,促进骨髓系祖细胞增殖分化,增多血液中红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量。rhEPO是利用基因工程技术,将人的EPO基因植入哺乳动物的细胞内,进行高效表达的产物,它具有和促红细胞生成素类似的生理作用,能够提高患者的造血潜能[17]。应用rhEPO治疗期间因出现有效造血,铁需求量增加,通常会出现血清铁含量下降,联合应用蔗糖铁能够有效补充血清铁浓度,为造血提供原料,提高rhEPO的疗效[18]。蔗糖铁注射液为多核氢氧化铁(Ⅲ)-蔗糖复合物溶液,毒性低,几乎无过敏反应,且不易被肾脏清除,静脉给药后经网状内皮系统迅速分解,与转铁蛋白结合,补充铁储备,加速红细胞生成[19]。蔗糖铁与口服铁剂相比起效更快,生物利用度也更高[20]。
本研究结果显示,术后观察组患者Hb和RBC水平均明显高于对照组,且两组患者在用药过程中均无明显的不良反应发生。由此可见,rhEPO联合蔗糖铁注射液是治疗THA围术期贫血的一种安全、有效、方便的方法,值得在临床中推广使用。
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Application of recombinant human erythropoietin and iron sucrose in the perioperative period of total hip replacement
WANG Bai-sheng,LIU Xin-wei,ZHANG Jing-dong,HAN Wen-feng,HE Yong,LIU Hai-li
(Department of Orthopedics,The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command,Shenyang 110016,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) combined with iron sucrose in perioperative of total hip arthroplasty(THA).MethodsFrom September 2015 to March 2016,totally 97 cases of total hip arthroplasty patients treated in Department of Orthopedics,The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command were received in this study.All cases were randomly divided into control group(48 cases) and observation group(49 cases).The patients in control group were given oral iron,dietary supplements according to their hemoglobin levels.The observation group began 3 days before surgery,to give the recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) 150IU/kg subcutaneously one day,to seventh days after surgery,while the iron sucrose 100 mg intravenous infusion,3 times a week.At 1,3,5,7 days after the operation,observation was performed between the two groups of patients on hemoglobin(Hb) and the change of red blood cells(RBC).ResultsAfter operation,the Hb levels of the observation group were obvious higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the RBC levels of the observation group were also obvious higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).ConclusionThe effect of rhEPO combined with iron sucrose in perioperative of THA is satisfied,which can avoid the risk of allogeneic blood transfusion and ease the current tension in the blood.
Key words:Recombinant human erythropoietin;Iron sucrose;Total hip arthroplasty;Perioperative;Anemia
基金项目:辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2015020403)
通信作者:张敬东,E-mail:zhangjingdongdr@163.com
文章编号:2095-5561(2016)03-0144-04 中图分类号:R687
文献标志码:A
收稿日期:2015-12-25
第一作者:王百盛(1992-),男,辽宁大连人,医师,硕士