that引导的名词性从句

徐晓红

that引导名词性从句时，本身没有什么意思，它只起一个连接作用，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略。

[that引导的主语从句]

1. that引导主语从句时，that在从句中不充当成分，但不可以省略。如：That she gets on well with her classmates is known to us all.

That he was chosen made us very happy.

例1 It isnt expected he said caused so much discussion at the meeting.

A. that B. what that

C. what D. that what

解析 D。D项中that引导主语从句，what he said又在主语从句中作主语，what作said的宾语。that引导主语从句时一般不省略，所以排除C。

2. 为了句子结构匀称，有时it被用作主语，that引导的主语从句则被置于主句的后面。如：It is known to us all that she gets on well with her classmates.

It is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free.

类似结构常见的有：

（1）It is clear/certain/likely/right/wrong/surprising/true that ...

（2） It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...

（3） It is said/told/known/reported/suggested/hoped/

believed/thought that ...

（4）It seems/happens that ...

例2 sometimes keeps her awake at night

Tom is getting more and more quiet at home.

A. That；which B. It；that

C. Whether；what D. What；that

解析 B。it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语，如选D项则句子缺谓语。

[that 引导的宾语从句]

1. that引导宾语从句时，that在从句中不充当成分，一般可以省略，但在以下几种情况下不能省略：

（1）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语或者从句主语之间有插入语时， that不可省略。如：He announced， believe it or not， that he would never forgive me.

He judged that， because she was a woman， she did not understand wine.

The secretary said， pleasantly and sternly， that our thinking was too slow to suit the needs of modern society.

We learned at school that everything we see and touch is matter.

（2）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，即当动词后跟有复合宾语结构时，it作形式宾语，that从句作真正宾语，引导词that不可省略。如：We consider it an honor that we can have the pleasure of serving you.

Everyone could see what was happening and that she was really worried.

（3）当that作介词宾语时，即当that从句用作in，but，except等介词的宾语时，that不可省略。如：The book is unsatisfactory in that it lacks a good index.

The reason lies in that he works harder than anyone else does.

（4）在动词add，agree，announce，argue，assume，complain，decide，hold，indicate，insist，intend，learn，promise， point out，remark，suggest，state等之后的宾语从句的引导词that需保留。如：I complained that I had been unfairly treated.

（5）及物动词后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个从句的that不可省略。如：I realize that Im in charge and that everybody accepts my leadership.

（6）当that从句的状语紧跟在that之后时，that不可省略。如：They told us that once again the situation was serious.试比较：They told us once again that the situation was serious.

（7）当作宾语的that从句移到句首时，that不可省略。如：That she ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.

（8）在简短答语中当that从句单独出现时，that不可省略。如：What did he say at the meeting？或That the situation was serious.

（9）当that从句中含有一个状语从句，且这个状语从句在主句之前时，that不可省略。如：Mr. Parker understands that unless he pays back the debt， hell have to appear in court.

2.为了句子结构匀称，有时it被用作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句被放在主句的后面。如：They made it a rule that they had a party at the end of every month.

I think it necessary that you master a foreign language.

例3 Keep in mind you want others to respect you， you must respect others first.

A.that when B.that if

C.if when D.when if

解析 B。that引导一个宾语从句，宾语从句中又有一个if引导的条件状语从句。

[that引导的表语从句]

that引导表语从句时，that在从句中不充当成分，但不可以省略。如：The reason why he was absent was that he was badly ill.

The problem with the project is that we are short of money.

例4 seems strange to us is the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers.

A.It；that B.That；how

C.It；how D.What；that

解析 D。第一空是主语从句，从句缺主语用what，第二空是表语从句，从句的成分完整用that。

[that引导的同位语从句]

1. that引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当成分，但不可以省略。如：I just got word that he is not coming this evening.

There is no doubt that you are in danger.

例5 Dad is used to smoking and drinking. Theres no chance Im able to talk him into .

A.whether；giving it up

B.of whether；giving them up

C.that；getting rid of them

D.which；stopping it

解析 C。由smoking and drinking可知，A、D选项中的代词错误。B选项翻译不通。此处that引导的是一个同位语从句。

2. 为了句子结构匀称，有时同位语从句和它前面的名词会被谓语动词隔开。如：The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheeps clothing.

Word came that another new research center would soon be set up.

例6 Along with the letter was her promise

she would join us in the work.

A.which B.what

C.that D.whether

解析 C。promise后是一个同位语从句，且从句不缺成分，故用that。D选项翻译不正确。

3. that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区别。

（1）that引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何成分；that引导的同位语从句和它前面的名词之间是同位语关系，是具体说明前面名词的内容或含义的（同位语从句前面的名词常见的有：news，fact，thought，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，information，possibility，word，idea，order，hope，result）等。

（2）that引导定语从句时，that在从句中作主语或宾语；that引导的定语从句和它前面的先行词之间是修饰与被修饰，限制与被限制的关系。如：We all heard the news that our team won the game. （同位语从句）

We all heard the news that was broadcast on the radio. （定语从句）