巧用技巧识别主题——主旨大意题的解题技巧

文/周慧娅

巧用技巧识别主题
——主旨大意题的解题技巧

文/周慧娅

主旨大意题主要测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度，以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。题型一般包括文章标题类、文章主旨类和段落主旨类。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。

一、题型分类与命题方式

1.文章标题类常见的题干形式有:

1）The best title of/for this passage may/might/can be.

2）What is the best title for the passage/text？

3）Which of the following could be the best title for the passage？

4）Which would be the best title for the passage？

2.主旨大意类可以分为文章主旨和段落主旨两种，常见的题干形式有:

1）W hat does the passage/text/Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？

2）What's the passage mainly about？

3）What's the main idea of the passage？

4）The passage is mainly about.

3.目的主旨大意类常见的题干形式有:

1）What is the purpose of the passage？

2）The purpose of the passage is mainly to.

3）This article seems to tell us that.

4）The purpose of writing th is article is to.

二、解题思路与应试技巧

因为英语思维以直线型为主，语言表达常开门见山，所以主题句通常在文首、文末或在首尾呼应中呈现，但有时文中也可能没有完整的主题句，需要我们根据文章所述内容进行综合归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。总体来说，议论文和说明文中一般有主题句，但记叙文的主题句通常需要归纳。那么，如何在文章中寻找主题句呢？

1.识别文体，确定主题

不同的文体有不同的写作方法，如新闻报道常用导语提携全文，所以导语常为新闻报道的主题句；议论文总、分、总的结构能让我们在首段或末段很快找到主题句；调查报告常在首段交代全文主题，接下来再详细叙述调查结果；说明文的主题句也常在首段，而记叙文需要把握其六要素，通过理解全文大意进行概括总结，记叙文的标题则常为主旨大意句或主题升华句的内容。

【中考真题1】（2015年临沂卷B篇，保留原题号）（首段）American country music is also known as（被视为）country western music.It has a very long history.It comes from the folk songs of immigrants from Britain.（第二段）Country music uses simple music and words to express everyday fee lings such as loneliness，love，and sadness...（第三段）Country western music became popular first among cow boys in the American west countryside...（第四段）In recent years，many musicians have made country western music a little different from the one in the past...

40.The best title（标题）for the passage is.

A.Americans Love American Country Music.

B.The History of American Country Music.

C.Singers and Fans of American Country Music.

D.A ll Kinds of American Music，Yesterday and Today.

解析：这是一篇介绍美国乡村音乐的说明文，文章首段就对全文进行了主旨大意的交代，再通过扫读文章各个段落的第一句话，我们不难判断首段中It has a very long history.即为文章的主题句，所以答案为B。

2.巧用技巧，识别主题句

1）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。

【中考真题2】（2015年北京卷，保留原题号）（首段）Do you enjoy visiting a museum？Did you ever make a plan before a visit？Every museum must have something that attracts you.And the re are m any possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum.

If you follow these steps be low，you'll know what is worth seeing and doing，so that you can make the most of your time at the museum.

52.What does the passage mainly talk about？

A.What to do in a museum.B.When to visit a museum.

C.Where to find a museum.D.How to en joy a museum.

解析：文章以疑问句开头，接下来回答there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum，紧接着在后面的自然段罗列了enjoy a museum的各种方法。所以此文的主题句为there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum，答案为D。

2）注意文章中的关键词，如表示并列关系的and，another，one more等，表因果关系的so，because等，表转折关系的how ever，but等。

【中考真题3】（2015年哈尔滨卷D篇，保留原题号）Last year，a special kind o f glove cam e out.It was invented to help blind people to learn Braille，which is a specialsystem for the blind to read by touching.Shaking motors（震动马达）are put on each finger o f the g love.They can make different sounds to tell a user which letter he is touching.Recently，two British college students have invented another special glove for the blind.It can make the user feel small and quick movements...

50.What is the best title for this passage？

A.The Way to Make Gloves B.Two Kinds of Special Gloves

C.An Ultrasonic Sensor and Shaking Motors

解析：这是一篇说明文，文章第一句指出“一种特别的手套面世了”，但在其后又提到了another special glove for the blind。此处，another为重点的提示词，暗示读者“除了前面提到的那种手套外，还有另一种手套”，即两种特别的手套。注意到这两个地方，文章标题Two Kinds of Special Gloves就不难找出了。

3）文章中反复出现的词语或作者反复重复的观点，一般为提示文章主旨的关键词。

【中考真题4】（2015年杭州卷C篇，有删节，保留原题号）Are you shy？If you are，you are no t alone.In fact，close to 50 percent of people are shy.Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives.These days，shyness is becoming mo re and mo re common.Now，scientists are trying to understand shyness.They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.

Is it possible to be born shy？Many scientists say yes.They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly.These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies.Interestingly，these shy babies usually have shy parents.As a result，scientists think that some shyness is genetic.

Family size might cause people to be shy as well.Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children.They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters.As a result，they became shy.A t the same time，children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well.

You may also be shy because of where you were born.When scientists studied shyness in different countries，they found surprising differences.In Japan，most people said they were shy.But in Israel，only one of three people said so.

For shy people，it can be difficult to make friends，speak in c lass，and even get a good job.But scientists say you can get over your shyness.They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.And don't forget—if you are shy，you are no t the only one.

50.What is the passage mainly about？

A.Happiness.B.Shyness.C.Kindness.D.Loneliness.

解析：扫读全文，我们不难发现文中shy及其相关词shyness出现的次数有20余次，所以文章主要谈论的是shyness，答案为B。

4）当文章首句和尾句互为同义句时，主题内容基本就在这个句子里。

【中考真题5】（2015年河北卷，保留原题号）（首段）Making a good job choice is almostas good as choosing a good life.So，choosing a job is one of the most important decisions to make in life.（尾段）I accept the idea that no one should make a choice of a job suddenly or quickly.He should decide what he wants to be in the long run.Then，he should decide how he works towards it.He should study the proper courses，read the books and speak to knowledgeable persons in that field before making a job choice.A good choice will most probably lead to a better life.

65.What is the best title for the passage？

A.My Job Choice B.My Favorite Job

C.My Comfortable Life D.My Sense of Satisfaction

解析：文中首句句意为：“做好职业选择与选择一种好的生活几乎一样重要。”尾句语意则为首句的同义句：“一个好的选择最有可能通往更好的生活。”由此可见，job choice为主题内容，所以答案为A。

5）记叙文的文尾常常是主旨大意升华的位置，也是主题句出现的地方。

【中考真题6】（2015年合肥卷，保留原题号）Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents.Every day they are very busy trying to make money for my schooling.

One day，my mother was sewing a quilt（缝被子）.I silently sat beside her.“Mum，is there love between you and Dad？”I asked in a very low voice.With surprise in he r eyes，she stopped her work for a while.Then she said，“Susan，look at this th read（线）.It can hardly be seen，but it's really there.It makes the quilt strong.If life is a quilt，love should be a thread.Love is inside.”

I couldn't understand her until the next spring.At that time，my father suddenly got sick seriously.My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month.

After they were back，my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day.They were so kind to each other and it seem ed they were the happiest couple.

After two months my father still couldn't walk by himself.

“Dad，how are you feeling now？”I asked him one day.

“Susan，don't worry about me，”he said.“I just like walking with your Mum.I like this kind of life.”Reading his eyes，I knew he loves m y mother deeply.

Now I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life.Love is inside，making life strong and warm.

75.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage？

A.How to Make a Quilt Strong B.Love is Just a Thread

C.Walking on the County Road D.A Seriously Sick Father

解析：文章记叙了自己由怀疑父母之间是否有爱到最终理解到“爱就像我们生活这床被子里的一根线，爱的存在让我们在生活中更坚强，也感觉更温暖”。末段即为这篇记叙文的主旨升华段，所以句中love is just a thread即为文章的标题，所以答案选B。