例谈“with+复合宾语”结构

安徽省宿州二中南校区　杜聪

例谈“with+复合宾语”结构

安徽省宿州二中南校区杜聪

人教版高中英语教材必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists文中有这样一个句子：He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it。该句中出现了“with+复合宾语”结构，这种结构不仅在英语教材中频频出现，也是历年高考的一个重要考点。本文结合例句，对“with+复合宾语”结构的形式和用法进行简单归纳。

一、“with+复合宾语”结构的形式

“with+复合宾语”结构通常有以下六种形式：

1.with+宾语+现在分词

In some parts of Asia it's not polite to sit with your foot pointingatanotherperson.

With somany people communicating in English every day，itwill becomemore and more important to have a good knowledge of English.

2.with+宾语+过去分词

With the signalgiven，the train started.

Itwasa pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.

3.with+宾语+不定式

With nothing toburn，the fire becameweak and finally died out.

With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly-elected president ishaving a hard time.

4.with+宾语+形容词

He stood in the rain，with his clotheswet.

In summerweoften sleep with thewindowsopen.

5.with+宾语+副词

The city looksmore beautiful with all the lightson.

With production up by 60%，the company hashad another excellentyear.

6.with+宾语+介词短语

She said goodbye with tears in hereyes.

The teacherwalked into the classroom with abook in hishand.

二、“with+复合宾语”结构的用法

“with+复合宾语”结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中可以作定语、状语或补语。

1.作定语

Ilike stamps with abird design on them.

Anyone with itseyes in hishead can see it'se x actly likea rope.

2.作状语

①时间状语

With themealover，weallwenthome.

With spring comingon，trees turn green.

②原因状语

She had towalk home with her bike stolen.

With the key lost，the teacher couldn'tget into theoffice.

③条件状语

With John tohelp us，wewillbeable to finish the task ahead of time.

I'd like to see thenew film with time permitting.

④方式/伴随状语

Hewas lying on the grass，with hishead on hishands.

With the crowdscheering，they drove to the palace.

3.作补语

①主语补足语

Thene x tmorning the lakewas found with a thin sheetof iceon.

②宾语补足语

They found a littleboy with nothingon.

三、几点说明

1.“with+复合宾语”结构中的宾语多是名词或代词，宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语等，且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

2.“with+复合宾语”结构与“without+复合宾语”结构的用法相同，只不过without表示否定意义。

Withouta ta x icoming soon，I'llbe late for school.

3.“with+复合宾语”结构作状语时，后面接不定式、现在分词和过去分词的区别：不定式表示被动、将要发生的动作，现在分词表示主动、正在发生或发生了的动作，过去分词表示被动或已经完成的动作。

So in the afternoon，with nothing to do，Iwenton a round of the bookshops.

With the boy leading theway，we found the hoteleasily.

With the child taken good care of，we felt q uite relieved.

四、练习

用所给单词的正确形式填空。

1.Icouldn'tdomy homework with al l thatnoise＿（go）on.

2.Themurdererwasbroughtin，with hishands＿（tie）behind hisback.

3.With somany dishes＿（wash），Ican notgo out with you.

4.Alittle boy with two ofhis front teeth＿（miss）ran into thehouse.

5.With hermoney＿（lose），shewasata losswhat to do.

K eys：1.going 2.tied 3.towash 4.missing 5.lost