经皮冠状动脉介入术对急性心肌梗死患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶9、白介素6及 P选择素水平的影响研究

2016-03-23 01:36刘紫燕
实用心脑肺血管病杂志 2016年1期
关键词:冠状动脉气囊心肌梗死

艾 莲,张 莉,刘紫燕

435000湖北省黄石市中心医院心血管内科



·短篇论著·

经皮冠状动脉介入术对急性心肌梗死患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶9、白介素6及 P选择素水平的影响研究

艾 莲,张 莉,刘紫燕

435000湖北省黄石市中心医院心血管内科

【摘要】目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、白介素6(IL-6)及P选择素水平的影响。方法选择黄石市中心医院2013年3月—2015年3月收治的87例AMI患者作为观察组,同期在该院体检并与观察组患者年龄相近的52例健康者作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测观察组患者PCI前、PCI后6 d及PCI后90 d,对照组受检者体检当天血浆MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素水平。结果观察组患者PCI前血浆MMP-9、P选择素水平高于对照组,血浆IL-6水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者PCI后6 d、术后90 d血浆MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者PCI后6 d血浆MMP-9、P选择素水平低于PCI前,血浆IL-6水平高于PCI前(P<0.05);观察组患者PCI后90 d血浆MMP-9、P选择素水平低于PCI前(P<0.05),而血浆IL-6水平与PCI前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者PCI后90 d血浆MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素水平与PCI后6 d比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PCI可有效调节AMI患者血浆MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素水平,促进其恢复正常。

【关键词】心肌梗死;血管成形术,气囊,冠状动脉;基质金属蛋白酶9;白细胞介素6;P选择素

艾莲,张莉,刘紫燕.经皮冠状动脉介入术对急性心肌梗死患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶9、白介素6及 P选择素水平的影响研究[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2016,24(1):64-66.[www.syxnf.net]

Ai L,Zhang L,Liu ZY.Impact of PCI on plasma levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of patients with AMI[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(1):64-66.

急性心肌梗死(AMI)是临床常见冠心病类型之一,是指在冠状粥样硬化基础上多种炎性反应共同作用导致急性心肌持续性缺血缺氧而引起的心肌坏死[1-2]。经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)是目前临床上常用的AMI治疗方法,其可有效开通梗死相关动脉、恢复坏死心肌血流灌注,效果良好,有助于降低AMI患者病死率[3]。众多研究证实,基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)和白介素6(IL-6)的异常高表达可诱发急性冠脉综合征,而冠心病患者常伴有P选择素的持续高表达[4]。本研究采用酶联免疫吸附法测定PCI前后AMI患者血浆MMP-9、IL-6及 P选择素水平,并与健康人群进行对照,旨在探讨PCI对AMI患者血浆MMP-9、IL-6及 P选择素水平的影响,为临床有效治疗AMI提供参考。

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料选择黄石市中心医院2013年3月—2015年3月收治的87例AMI患者作为观察组,均符合WHO颁布的急性心肌梗死诊断标准[5]并接受PCI;选择同期在该院体检并与观察组患者年龄相近的52例健康者作为对照组。排除标准:(1)陈旧性心肌梗死、慢性心功能不全患者及曾经接受过PCI者;(2)肝肾功能不全患者;(3)合并严重心肌病变和心脏瓣膜病变患者;(4)感染性疾病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、全身性免疫性疾病患者。两组受检者性别、年龄、吸烟率、高脂血症发生率、高血压发生率及冠心病家族史阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,见表1),具有可比性。

表1 两组受检者一般资料比较

注:a为t值

1.2PCI患者进入手术室后均进行心电、血压及血氧监护,建立静脉输液通路并给予阿托品0.01 mg/kg、咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg、丙泊酚2.0~2.5 mg/kg,气管插管后给予丙泊酚60 μg·kg-1·min-1持续输注及瑞芬太尼0.10~0.25 μg/kg持续输注以维持麻醉;行常规PCI并于术后给予昂丹司琼8 mg静脉滴注,术毕拔除气管导管并采用自控镇痛泵进行镇痛。

1.3观察指标观察组患者分别于PCI前、PCI后6 d及PCI后90 d,对照组受检者于体检当天采集空腹外周静脉血5 ml,置于抗凝管中,离心分离血浆,-80 ℃保存待测;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素水平,试剂盒为MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素酶联免疫吸附试验专用试剂盒,严格按照试剂盒说明书进行操作。

2结果

观察组患者PCI前血浆MMP-9、P选择素水平高于对照组,血浆IL-6水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者PCI后6d、术后90d血浆MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者PCI后6d血浆MMP-9、P选择素水平低于PCI前,血浆IL-6水平高于PCI前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者PCI后90d血浆MMP-9、P选择素水平低于PCI前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而血浆IL-6水平与PCI前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者PCI后90d血浆MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素水平与PCI后6d比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,见表2)。

表2两组受检者PCI前后血浆MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素水平比较

Table2ComparisonofplasmalevelsofMMP-9,IL-6andP-selectinbetweenthetwogroupsbeforeandafterPCI

组别例数MMP-9IL-6P选择素对照组52421.52±75.2485.57±17.29147.85±68.32观察组-PCI前87689.14±95.43a64.45±25.31b224.37±87.42c观察组-PCI后6d87338.15±89.27dj78.94±14.88ek151.39±56.78fl观察组-PCI后90d87324.15±78.95gmp66.51±12.54hnq180.00±70.62ior

注:MMP-9=基质金属蛋白酶9,IL-6=白介素;与对照组比较,at=22.410,aP=0.002,bt=-7.852,bP=0.003,ct=5.661,cP=0.006,dt=2.340,dP=0.502,et=-0.482,eP=0.381,ft=-0.385,fP=0.495,gt=5.214,gP=0.541,ht=-2.548,hP=0.214,it=2.365,iP=0.189;与观察组-PCI前比较,jt=14.569,jP=0.000,kt=-8.750,kP=0.000,lt=4.879,lP=0.000,mt=15.175,mP=0.000,nt=1.026,nP=0.241,ot=3.072,oP=0.025;与观察组-PCI后6 d比较,pt=3.451,pP=0.854,qt=-2.154,qP=0.214,rt=5.689,rP=0.512

3讨论

急性心肌梗死患者主要临床表现为胸部闷痛、心力衰竭、心律失常及休克等,积极采用科学有效的治疗方法有助于改善急性心肌梗死患者预后。PCI可经心导管疏通狭窄甚至闭塞的动脉管腔,从而减轻心肌损伤及改善心肌血流再灌注[6-7],近年来药物洗脱支架的应用有效降低了冠状动脉内支架再狭窄率,标志着冠心病的介入治疗进入一个新纪元。

MMP-9也称白明胶酶B、Ⅳ型胶原酶,在血小板破裂、细胞基质及胶原蛋白降解过程中发挥着重要作用[8]。正常人体内MMP-9表达量较低,各种病理因素导致血管通透性增加时MMP-9合成及分泌增多,体内MMP-9含量增高[9]。本研究结果显示,观察组患者PCI前血浆MMP-9水平高于对照组,而观察组患者PCI后6 d、术后90 d血浆MMP-9水平与对照组比较则无明显差异;观察组患者PCI后6 d、90 d血浆MMP-9水平低于PCI前,而观察组患者PCI后90 d血浆MMP-9水平与PCI后6 d比较则无明显差异,提示MMP-9参与急性心肌梗死的发生及发展,而PCI可有效改善AMI患者心肌灌注,降低血浆MMP-9水平。

IL-6是一种炎性细胞因子,主要由成纤维细胞、单核/巨噬细胞、T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、上皮细胞、角质细胞及多种瘤细胞分泌。白介素1(IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)分泌增多及病毒感染等均可诱使正常细胞产生IL-6[10]。IL-6可刺激参与免疫反应的细胞增殖、分化并增强其免疫功能[11]。研究表明,充血性心力衰竭(congestive heart failure,CHF)患者循环及组织中IL-6含量持续升高,而持续升高的IL-6会导致机体促炎因子/抑炎因子失衡,进而导致心肌损伤,且循环IL-6水平与心肌炎、心肌病、移植排斥反应及左心室辅助装置(LVAD)等所致的CHF患者的左心室功能障碍严重程度密切相关,可在一定程度上预测CHF患者预后[12]。本研究结果显示,观察组患者PCI前血浆IL-6水平低于对照组,而观察组患者PCI后6 d、术后90 d血浆IL-6与对照组比较则无明显差异;观察组患者PCI后6 d血浆IL-6水平高于PCI前,而观察组患者PCI后90 d血浆IL-6水平与PCI前比较则无明显差异,观察组患者PCI后90 d血浆IL-6水平与PCI后6 d比较亦无明显差异,表明PCI可有效调节AMI患者炎性因子,促进血浆IL-6水平恢复正常,进而改善患者预后。

P选择素是一种糖蛋白,相对分子量为140 000,主要存在于血管内皮细胞Weibe-l Palade小体膜上及血小板α颗粒膜上[13],受到组胺、凝血酶、佛波酯及钙离子载体刺激后其表达迅速升高;此外,缺氧/再氧化或氧自由基也可诱导P选择素的表达。P选择素凝集素样区是配体结合部位的关键序列,其配体包括唾液酸化路易斯寡糖X(S-Lewis X)和具有高亲和力的P选择素糖蛋白配体1,这两种配体主要表达于中性粒细胞和单核细胞,因此P选择素主要介导粒细胞和单核细胞在内皮细胞表面的滚动、粒细胞及单核细胞与血小板的黏附等。本研究结果显示,观察组患者PCI前血浆P选择素水平高于对照组,而观察组患者PCI后6 d、术后90 d血浆P选择素水平与对照组比较则无明显差异;观察组患者PCI后6 d、90 d血浆P选择素水平低于PCI前,而观察组患者PCI后90 d血浆P选择素水平与PCI后6 d比较则无明显差异,表明PCI可有效调节AMI患者粒细胞及单核细胞功能,促进血浆P选择素水平恢复正常。

综上所述,PCI可有效调节AMI患者血浆MMP-9、IL-6、P选择素水平,促进其恢复正常,这对改善AMI患者心肌灌注、减轻炎性反应及调节粒细胞和单核细胞功能具有重要意义。

参考文献

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[3]Hao K,Takahashi J,Ito K,et al.Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Did Not Undergo Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention-Report From the MIYAGI-AMI Registry Study[J].Circ J,2015,79(9):2009-2016.

[4]Shu J,Ren N,Du JB,et al.Increased levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are of cardiac origin in acute coronary syndrome[J].Scand Cardiovasc J,2007,41(3):149-154.

[5]中华医学会心血管病学分会,中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会,《中国循环杂志》编辑委员会,等.急性心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南[J].中华心血管病杂志,2001,29(12):710-725.

[6]Mehta SR,Yusuf S,Peters RJ,et al.Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention:the PCI-CURE study[J].Lancet,2001,358(9281):527-533.

[7]赵世华,万俊义,陆敏杰,等.Fabry病累及心脏的临床和影像学特征[J].磁共振成像,2014,5(5):348-351.

[8]袁玉香,王玉其.不同剂量阿托伐他汀对非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血清炎性因子及基质金属蛋白酶9的影响[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2014,22(3):13-14.

[9]Dayer C,Stamenkovic I.Recruitment of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)to the Fibroblast Cell Surface by Lysyl Hydroxylase 3(LH3)Triggers Transforming Growth Factor-β(TGF-β)Activation and Fibroblast Differentiation[J].J Biol Chem,2015,290(22):13763-13778.

[10]Nackiewicz D,Dan M,He W,et al.TLR2/6 and TLR4-activated macrophages contribute to islet inflammation and impair beta cell insulin gene expression via IL-1 and IL-6[J].Diabetologia,2014,57(8):1645-1654.

[11]Lukic L,Lalic NM,Rajkovic N,et al.Hypertension in obese type 2 diabetes patients is associated with increases in insulin resistance and IL-6 cytokine levels:potential targets for an efficient preventive intervention[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2014,11(4):3586-3598.

[12]Karabela G,Karavolias G,Chaidaroglou A,et al.Is IL-10 a predictor of in-stent restenosis in stable and unstable angina patients undergoing coronary interventions?[J].Int J Cardiol,2014,176(3):1156-1157.

[13]Perumal R,Rajendran M,Krishnamurthy M,et al.Modulation of P-selection and platelet aggregation in chronic periodontitis:A clinical study[J].J Indian Soc Periodontol,2014,18(3):293.

(本文编辑:鹿飞飞)

Impact of PCI on Plasma Levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of Patients With AMI

AILian,ZHANGLi,LIUZi-yan.

DepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine,theCentralHospitalofHuangshi,Huangshi435000,China

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of PCI on plasma levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of patients with AMI.MethodsFrom March 2013 to March 2015 in the Central Hospital of Huangshi,a total of 87 patients with AMI were selected as observation group,a total of 52 healthy people were selected as control group.Before PCI,after 6 days and 90 days of PCI,ELISA was used to detect the plasma levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of observation group,while above index of control group were detected on the day for physical examination.ResultsPlasma levels of MMP-9 and P-selectin of observation group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group before PCI,while plasma IL-6 level of observation group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group before PCI(P<0.05);no statistically significant differences of plasma level of MMP-9,IL-6 or P-selectin was found between the two groups after 6 days or 90 days of PCI(P>0.05);after 6 days of PCI,plasma levels of MMP-9 and P-selectin of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those before PCI,while plasma IL-6 level of observation group was statistically significantly higher than that before PCI(P<0.05);after 90 days of PCI,plasma levels of MMP-9 and P-selectin of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those before PCI(P<0.05),while no statistically significant differences of plasma IL-6 level of observation group was found compared with that before PCI(P>0.05);after 90 days of PCI,no statistically significant differences of plasma level of MMP-9,IL-6 or P-selectin of observation group was found compared with those after 6 days of PCI(P>0.05).ConclusionPCI can effectively adjust the plasma levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of patients with AMI,is helpful to promote their recovery.

【Key words】Myocardial infarction;Angioplasty,balloon,coronary;Matrix Metalloproteinase 9;Interleukin-6;P-selectin

(收稿日期:2015-09-05;修回日期:2016-01-15)

【中图分类号】R 542.22

【文献标识码】B

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.01.018

通信作者:张莉,435000湖北省黄石市中心医院心血管内科;E-mail:623653052@qq.com

基金项目:湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2013FFB05310)

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