夏枯草茎叶中三萜类成分研究

2016-03-10 04:21蔡凡严启新深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院药剂科广东深圳587深圳市海王生物工程股份有限公司广东深圳58057
广东药科大学学报 2016年4期
关键词:夏枯草化学成分

蔡凡,严启新(.深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院药剂科,广东深圳587;.深圳市海王生物工程股份有限公司,广东深圳58057)

夏枯草茎叶中三萜类成分研究

蔡凡1,严启新2
(1.深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院药剂科,广东深圳518172;2.深圳市海王生物工程股份有限公司,广东深圳518057)

目的研究夏枯草茎叶中的化学成分。方法 采用正反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶、ODS柱层析等手段,对夏枯草茎叶体积分数80%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化,再采用紫外、红外、质谱法进行结构鉴定。结果从夏枯草茎叶中分离得到7个乌苏烷型三萜类化合物:乌苏酸(1)、1β,3β-二羟基乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(2)、2α,3β-二羟基乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(3)、3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖-19α-羟基-乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(4)、3β,23-二羟基-乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(5)、2α,3β,19α,23β-四羟基乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(6)、3α,19α,23,24-四羟基-乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(7)。结论化合物2、4~7为首次从该植物中分离得到。关键词:夏枯草;化学成分;乌苏烷型三萜类化合物

夏枯草Prunella vulgaris L.为唇形科夏枯草属植物,其果穗作为常用中药夏枯草收载于历版《中国药典》,具有清火明目、散结消肿之功效,用于治疗目赤肿痛、头痛眩晕、高血压等症[1]。据考证,夏枯草入药部位古代用茎叶,现代用果穗[2]。国内外对夏枯草果穗的研究较多,但夏枯草茎叶的报道很少。夏枯草主要含三萜皂苷、芸香苷、金丝桃苷等苷类物质及熊果酸、咖啡酸、游离齐敦果酸等有机酸,花穗中含飞燕草素、矢车菊素的花色苷、d-樟脑、d-小茴香酮等[1]。为了研究夏枯草茎叶与果穗中化学成分的异同,扩大用药范围、合理开发利用该植物资源,本文对夏枯草茎叶的化学成分进行了研究,从80%(体积分数,下同)乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离和鉴定了7个乌苏烷型三萜类化合物。

1 仪器与材料

Büchi Melting point B-540型熔点测定仪(瑞士Büchi公司),温度未经校较正;LCQ DECAXPplus质谱仪(美国菲尼根质谱公司);Bruker AM 500型核磁共振仪(德国Brucker公司,TMS为内标);DMSO-d6(批号B00038104,上海楚柏实验室设备有限公司)。柱层析硅胶(200~300目,青岛海洋化工有限公司),薄层层析硅胶(青岛海洋化工有限公司),凝胶Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia),ODS SepaxGP-C18(40~60 μm,Sepax Technologies Inc.)。

夏枯草茎叶于2009年5月采自安徽芜湖,原植物经严启新博士鉴定为夏枯草Prunella vulgaris L.,标本保管在深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院。

2 提取与分离

取自然干燥夏枯草茎叶5 kg,粉碎,经80%乙醇40 kg加热回流提取2次,每次2 h,提取液浓缩得浸膏2.1 kg。用5 L水溶液使之混悬,再分别用乙酸乙酯3 kg、正丁醇4 kg萃取,回收溶剂,得乙酸乙酯部分200 g。取乙酸乙酯萃取部位(180 g)进行硅胶柱色谱,以三氯甲烷-甲醇(体积比100∶0,20∶1,10∶1,5∶1,1∶1,0∶100)梯度洗脱,得到Fr.1~Fr.6共6个流分(各流分质量为15 g左右)。将以上各个流分经反复硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析、反相C18柱层析进行分离,分别从Fr.1~Fr.5得到化合物1(90 mg)、2(8 mg)、3(35 mg)、4(9 mg)、5(15 mg),从Fr.6得到化合物6(55 mg)、7(9 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:白色粉末(甲醇),mp 260~261℃。ESI-MS m/z:457[M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:5.58(1H,br.s,H-12),3.57(1H,dd,J= 5.9,5.7 Hz,H-3),2.74(1H,d,J=11.3 Hz,H-18),1.34(3H,s,H-23),1.32(3H,s,H-27),1.15(3H,s,H-26),1.10(3H,s,H-25),0.90(3H,s,H-24),1.09 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-30),1.05(3H,d,J=4.8 Hz,H-29)。13C-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:180.0(C-28),139.4(C-13),125.8(C-12),78.2(C-3),56.0(C-5),53.7(C-18),48.2(C-9),48.2(C-17),42.6(C-14),40.1(C-8),39.6(C-19),39.5(C-20),39.4(C-4),39.2(C-1),37.6(C-22),37.4(C-10),33.7(C-7),31.2(C-21),28.9(C-23),28.8(C-15),28.2(C-2),25.0(C-16),24.0(C-11),23.8(C-27),21.5(C-30),18.9(C-6),17.6(C-26),17.5(C-29),16.7(C-24),15.8(C-25)。以上数据与文献[3]对照基本一致,故鉴定化合物1为乌苏酸(ursolic acid)。

化合物2:白色粉末(甲醇),mp 122~123℃。ESI-MS m/z:473[M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz, C5D5N)δ:5.58(1H,br.s,H-12),3.63(1H,dd,Jaa= 11.5 Hz,Jae=5.2 Hz,H-1),3.40(1H,dd,Jaa= 11.6 Hz,Jae=5.0 Hz,H-3),1.37(3H,s,H-23),1.32 (3H,s,H-27),1.12(3H,s,H-26),1.11(3H,s,H-25),0.95(3H,s,H-24),1.09(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-30),1.03(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-29)。13C-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:180.3(C-28),140.9(C-13),124.1 (C-12),78.8(C-1),78.1(C-3),55.9(C-5),52.8(C-18),48.2(C-17),46.7(C-9),42.3(C-14),40.0(C-8),39.8(C-20),39.4(C-19),39.0(C-4),38.6(C-10),37.5(C-22),34.3(C-7),33.3(C-21),31.0(C-21),30.9(C-2),28.4(C-23),28.2(C-15),26.2(C-16),23.9(C-11),24.8(C-27),22.6(C-30),19.8(C-6),18.5(C-29,25),17.7(C-26),16.6(C-24)。以上数据与文献[4]对照基本一致,故鉴定化合物2为1β,3β-二 羟 基 乌 苏 烷-12烯-28-酸 (1β,3βdihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid)。

化合物3:白色粉末(甲醇),mp 253~254℃。ESI-MS m/z:473[M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:5.56(1H,t,J=3.2 Hz,H-12),4.16(1H,m,H-2β),3.44(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-3),2.70(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz,H-18),1.36(3H,s,H-23),1.28(3H,s,H-27),1.18(3H,s,H-26),1.16(3H,s,H-25),1.13 (3H,s,H-24),1.14(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-30),1.12 (3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-29)。13C-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:180.0(C-28),139.4(C-13),125.6(C-12),83.9(C-3),68.7(C-2),56.0(C-5),53.6(C-18),48.2(C-17,1),48.1(C-9),42.6(C-14),40.1 (C-8),40.0(C-4),39.6(C-19),39.5(C-20),38.5 (C-10),37.6(C-22),33.6(C-7),31.2(C-21),29.5 (C-23),28.7(C-15),25.0(C-16),24.0(C-11),23.8 (C-27),21.5(C-30),19.0(C-6),17.8(C-29),17.6 (C-26),17.5(C-24),17.1(C-25)。以上数据与文献[5]对照基本一致,鉴定化合物3为2α,3β-二羟基乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid)。

化合物4:白色粉末(甲醇),mp 243~245℃。ESI-MS m/z:627[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:5.64(1H,br.s,H-12),5.45(1H,t,J= 8.7 Hz,H-3),5.21~3.95(5H,glc-H),3.14(1H,s,H-18),1.82(3H,s,H-23),1.50(3H,s,H-24),1.26 (3H,s,H-27),1.16(3H,s,H-26),0.91(3H,s,H-25),1.05(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-29),1.21(3H,d,J= 6.3 Hz,H-30)。13C-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:180.9 (C-28),140.1(C-13),128.1(C-12),106.4(C-glc-1),89.0(C-3),82.2(C-glc-3),75.2(C-glc-4),73.9 (C-glc-2),72.8(C-19),63.9(C-glc-5),55.9(C-5),54.8(C-18),47.8(C-17),47.8(C-9),42.5(C-20),42.3(C-14),40.5(C-8),39.6(C-1,4),38.6(C-22),37.0(C-10),33.7(C-7),30.1(C-15),29.5(C-23),28.3(C-2),27.3(C-29),27.1(C-21),26.6(C-16),24.9(C-27),24.1(C-11),18.8(C-6),17.3(C-26),17.0(C-30),16.9(C-24),15.6(C-25)。以上数据与文献[6]对照基本一致,鉴定化合物4为3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖基-19α-羟基-乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(3-O-α-L-arabinophyranose-19α-hydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid)。

化合物5:白色粉末(甲醇),mp 283~287℃。ESI-MS m/z:495[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:5.32(1H,t,J=3.5 Hz,H-12),4.00(1H,d,J=10.6 Hz,H-23),3.58(1H,d,J=10.6 Hz,H-23),3.56(1H,m,H-3),1.34(3H,s,H-24),1.32 (3H,s,H-26),1.14(3H,s,H-27),1.12(3H,s,H-25),1.05(3H,d,J=2.8 Hz,H-30),1.03(3H,d,J= 6.5 Hz,H-29)。13C-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:180.0 (C-28),139.7(C-13),125.2(C-12),78.2(C-3),69.3(C-23),55.9(C-5),54.8(C-18),48.2(C-17),47.8(C-9),40.4(C-14),40.0(C-4),39.9(C-8),39.5 (C-19),39.4(C-20),38.8(C-1),37.3(C-10),36.3(C-22),33.4(C-7),31.4(C-21),28.9(C-15),26.7(C-2),24.0(C-16),23.8(C-27),23.7(C-11),21.8(C-30),18.9(C-6),17.9(C-29),17.1(C-26),16.7(C-25),16.0 (C-24)。以上数据与文献[7]对照基本一致,鉴定化合物5为3β,23-二羟基乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid)。

化合物6:白色粉末(甲醇),mp 283~285℃。ESI-MS m/z:505[M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:5.30(1H,m,H-12),4.35~3.45(4H,m,H-23a,23b,3,2),2.51(1H,s,H-18),1.30(3H,s,H-24),1.30(3H,s,H-26),1.18(3H,s,H-27),1.05(3H,s,H-25),1.05(3H,s,H-29),0.92(3H,d,J=6.7 Hz,H-30)。13C-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:182.5(C-28),139.6(C-13),130.0(C-12),82.8(C-3),74.4(C-19),69.1(C-2),67.3(C-23),55.4(C-18),50.1(C-5),49.9 (C-17),48.7(C-9),44.4(C-1),43.4(C-4),43.3(20),42.0(C-14),41.8(C-8),40.5(C-10),39.3(C-22),34.0 (C-7),29.7(C-15),27.9(C-21),27.6(C-16),27.4 (C-11),25.3(C-29),25.1(C-24),24.9(C-27),18.8 (C-25),18.0(C-6),16.9(C-30),14.4(C-26)。以上数据与文献[8]对照基本一致,鉴定化合物6为2α,3β,19α,23-四羟基乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(2α,3β,19α,23βtetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid)。

化合物7:白色粉末(甲醇),mp 283~285℃。ESI-MS m/z:505[M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:5.26(1H,m,H-12),4.12(1H,d,J= 11.4 Hz,H-23a),4.06(1H,d,J=11.3 Hz,H-24a),3.75 (1H,dd,J=11.6,4.5 Hz,H-3),3.64(1H,d,J= 11.3 Hz,H-23b),3.55(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz,H-24b),2.49 (1H,s,H-18),1.34(3H,s,H-26),1.19(3H,s,H-27),0.97(3H,s,H-29),0.78(3H,s,H-25),0.94(3H,d,J= 6.7 Hz,H-30)。13C-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:182.5 (C-28),140.3(C-13),129.6(C-12),73.2(C-19),70.9 (C-3),69.0(C-23),63.7(C-24),55.4(C-18),49.0(C-17),48.7(C-9),47.5(C-5),46.1(C-4),43.4(C-20),42.9(C-14),41.3(C-8),39.3(C-22),38.0(C-10),34.3(C-1,7),29.9(C-15),28.3(C-29),27.6 (C-16),27.3(C-2),26.9(C-21),25.2(C-27),25.1 (C-11),20.1(C-6),17.7(C-26),16.9(C-30),16.5 (C-25)。以上数据与文献[9]对照基本一致,鉴定化合物7为3α,19α,23,24-四羟基-乌苏烷-12烯-28-酸(3α,19α,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid)。

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(责任编辑:陈翔)

Study on the triterpenoid constituents in herb of Prunella vulgaris

CAI Fan1,YAN Qixin2
(1.Shenzhen Longgang District Maternity&Child Healthcare Hospital,Shenzhen 518172,China;2.Shenzhen Neptunus Bioengineering Co.,Ltd,Shenzhen 518057,China)

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the herb of Prunella vulgaris.Methods The ethyl acetate part of 80%ethanol extract from the herb of Prunella vulgaris was isolated by silica gel chromatography,LH-20,basin chromatography,and the structures were identified by UV,IR and NMR. Results Seven triterpenoids were isolated and identified as ursolic acid(1),1β,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(2),2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(3),3-O-α-L-arabinophyranose-19α-hydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid(4),3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(5),2α,3β,19α,23β-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(6),3α,19α,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(7).Conclusion Compounds 2,4-7 were isolated from Prunella vulgaris for the first time.

Prunella vulgaris;chemical constituents;triterpenoids

药物化学

R284.2

A

1006-8783(2016)04-0428-03

10.16809/j.cnki.1006-8783.2016050601

2016-05-06

蔡凡(1978—),男,主管中药师,本科,从事临床药学研究工作,Email:caifang16@163.com;通信作者:严启新(1971—),男,博士,副研究员,副主任药师,从事新药研究与开发工作,Email:yanqixin2005@126.com。

网络出版时间:2016-07-011 14:49 网络出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/44.1413.R.20160711.1449.004.html

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