谢小华,吕 露,杜东成,戴鸿斌
·临床报告·
共同性斜视再次手术的术式和手术矫正量
谢小华1,吕露1,杜东成2,戴鸿斌1
1Aier Eye Hospital (Hankou),Wuhan 430000,Hubei Province,China;2Wuhan Eyegood Ophthalmic Hospital, Wuhan 430019,Hubei Province, China
•METHODS: Ninety-six concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under-correction and over-correction were recruited in this study, which included 41 males and 55 females, aged 21.90±14.70. All individuals underwent routine eye examinations for strabismus before the surgery. Among the cases with concomitant esotropia, there were over-correction in 23 cases, under-correction in 15 cases. Among the cases with concomitant exotropia, there were over-correction in 28 cases, under-correction in 30 cases. The method of reoperation were based on angle of deviation, the method of original operation and acute visual acuity of patients.
•RESULTS:In over-correction cases with concomitant esotropia,medial rectus muscle of 9 cases were advanced, the corrective extent was (5.51±2.63)△/mm; 9 cases were performed advance of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6.25±1.59)△/mm; 3 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4.26±1.04)△/mm; only 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4.21±1.91)△/mm. In under-correction cases with concomitant esotropia, 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4.03±0.98)△/mm; 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6.86±1.32)△/mm; 3 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4.33±0.29)△/mm. In over-correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 16 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5.37±1.56)△/mm; 6 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6.29±3.68)△/mm; 5 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5.46±1.78)△/mm; 1 case were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was 5.00△/mm. In under-correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 12 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4.47±0.54)△/mm; 16 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle and resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5.11±0.75)△/mm; 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (2.65±0.42)△/mm.
•CONCLUSION:In reoperation of concomitant strabismus patients with over-correction, weakening or/and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were performed surgery before has a greater and more unstable surgical corrective extent. While In reoperation of concomitant strabismuspatients with under-correction, weakening or/and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were not performed surgery has a normal corrective extent as usual.
目的:分析共同性斜视过矫或欠矫后,再次手术的术式和手术矫正量。
方法:共同性斜视术后过矫或欠矫计96例,男41例,女55例;平均年龄21.90±14.70岁。术前行斜视常规检查,共同性内斜视过矫者23例,欠矫者15例;共同性外斜视过矫者28例,欠矫者30例。术式选择主要依据斜视角的大小、远近斜视角的不同、原来的术式及双眼视力等情况而定。
结果:共同性内斜视过矫者:后徙的内直肌行前徙9例,矫正量(5.51±2.63)△/mm;内直肌前徙+外直肌后徙9例,矫正量(6.25±1.59)△/mm;内直肌截除+外直肌后徙3例,矫正量(4.26±1.04)△/mm;仅行外直肌后徙2例,矫正量(4.21±1.91)△/mm。共同性内斜视欠矫者:行外直肌截除6例,矫正量(4.03±0.98)△/mm;外直肌截除+内直肌后徙6例,矫正量(6.86±1.32)△/mm;内直肌后徙3例,矫正量(4.33±0.29)△/mm。共同性外斜视过矫者,行外直肌前徙16例,矫正量(5.37±1.56)△/mm;内直肌后徙6例,矫正量(6.29±3.68)△/mm;外直肌前徙+内直肌后徙5例,矫正量(5.46±1.78)△/mm;外直肌截除1例,矫正量5.00△/mm。共同性外斜视欠矫者,行内直肌截除12例,矫正量(4.47±0.54)△/mm;行外直肌后徙+内直肌截除16例,矫正量(5.11±0.75)△/mm;外直肌后徙2例,矫正量(2.65±0.42)△/mm。
结论:共同性内外斜视过矫者,通常对做过手术的水平肌行加强或/和减弱术,其手术矫正量偏大、且不甚稳定。欠矫者,通常对未行手术的水平肌行加强或/和减弱术,其手术矫正量同常规量。
共同性斜视;再手术;术式;矫正量
引用:谢小华,吕露,杜东成,等.共同性斜视再次手术的术式和手术矫正量.国际眼科杂志2016;16(7):1394-1396
随着斜视手术的普及及手术数量的增加,共同性斜视手术后的过矫或欠矫常可遇到。对于这样的情况,通常需要再次手术。这类患者的再次手术治疗由于手术量不易确定,是比较困难的类型[1],现将我院近些年来我院小儿斜弱视科进行共同性斜视过矫或欠矫再次手术者96例初步总结如下。
1.1对象收集2011-01/2014-12在我院小儿斜弱视科进行共同性斜视过矫或欠矫再次手术者96例。其中男41例,女55例;年龄5~65(平均21.90±14.70)岁。三棱镜加遮盖试验测平均斜视度:共同性内斜视过矫者,呈外斜视,称为连续性外斜视,计有23例,斜视角-15△~-110△(平均-31.35△±5.79△)。共同性内斜视欠矫者仍呈内斜视,称为继发性内斜视,计有15例,斜视角+20△~+90△(平均+30.19△±14.78△)。共同性外斜视过矫者,呈内斜视,称为连续性内斜视,计有28例,斜视角+15△~+110△(平均+28.23△±15.08△)。共同性外斜视欠矫者,仍呈外斜视,称为继发性外斜视,计有30例,斜视角-15△~-110△(平均-25.12△±13.67△)。
1.2方法
1.2.1术前检查先检查眼表、屈光间质及眼底等,以排除其他病变。视力、屈光(散瞳验光)、角膜映光,三棱镜加交替遮盖法测量远近斜视角、单眼或双眼的运动情况、双眼视觉功能检查:同视机HS-2001检测双眼视觉功能。尽可能的掌握第一次手术的术式、手术眼及手术量。必要时行术前或术中牵引试验。
1.2.2术式选择主要依据斜视角的大小、远近斜视角的不同、眼球活动状况、首次的术式及双眼视力等情况而定[2]。共同性内斜视过矫者,呈连续性外斜视,一般对做过手术的水平肌行加强或减弱,如内直肌行前徙,外直肌行后徙。共同性内斜视欠矫者,呈继发性内斜视,一般对未行手术的水平肌行加强或减弱,如外直肌截除,内直肌后徙。共同性外斜视过矫者,呈连续性内斜视,通常对做过手术的水平肌行加强或减弱,如外直肌行前徙,内直肌行后徙。且有研究者认为大角度的继发性内斜视,采用外直肌复位联合内直肌后徙可取得较好的临床效果[3],共同性外斜视欠矫者,呈继发性外斜视,通常对未行手术的水平肌行加强或减弱,如内直肌行截除,外直肌行后徙。
1.2.3随访随访1.5mo~3a(平均1.5a)。
疗效判定标准:疗效判断以全国儿童斜视弱视防治学组制定的《斜视疗效评价标准》进行[4]。术后水平斜视度≤10△,为正位。矫正量以每毫米所校正的三棱镜度来表示,即△/mm。
共同性内斜视过矫者:后徙的内直肌行前徙9例,矫正量(5.51±2.63)△/mm;内直肌前徙+外直肌后徙9例,矫正量(6.25±1.59)△/mm;内直肌截除+外直肌后徙3例,矫正量(4.26±1.04)△/mm;仅行外直肌后徙2例,矫正量(4.21±1.91)△/mm。共同性内斜视欠矫者:行外直肌截除6例,矫正量(4.03±0.98)△/mm;外直肌截除+内直肌后徙6例,矫正量(6.86±1.32)△/mm;内直肌后徙3例,矫正量(4.33±0.29)△/mm。共同性外斜视过矫者,行外直肌前徙16例,矫正量(5.37±1.56)△/mm;内直肌后徙6例,矫正量(6.29±3.68)△/mm;外直肌前徙+内直肌后徙5例,矫正量(5.46±1.78)△/mm;外直肌截除1例,矫正量5.00△/mm。共同性外斜视欠矫者,行内直肌截除12例,矫正量(4.47±0.54)△/mm;行外直肌后徙+内直肌截除16例,矫正量(5.11±0.75)△/mm;外直肌后徙2例,矫正量(2.65±0.42)△/mm。
术后随访,96例患者中87例斜视度<8△,只有9例斜视度>10△~15△,手术成功率为91%(87/96),与国内一些学者的相关报道结果相近[3,5]。7例手术后出现轻度复视,1mo后症状消失。96例患者术后平均眼位为(-1.9±5.0)△,术后远期随访眼位为(-3.4±5.0)△。所有患者均对术后眼位满意,未再次手术。
水平性共同性斜视是种常见病,即使是经验丰富的眼科专家亲自设计和操作,也难以完全避免过矫或欠矫的情况。共同性斜视术后再斜视的原因主要是依患者内斜视症状和外斜视症状的不同而不同[6]。引起继发性斜视的原因由多方面构成,如术后的非共同性[7],内直肌的收缩,以及外斜手术过矫量大等[8]。过矫者不仅会发生和原来相反的一种斜视,而且有复视,并有向某方向运动呈现减弱的情况。如继发性内斜视多数是由外斜视术后过矫所引起,亦可在无外因的情况下由外斜视自然转化为内斜视,后者较为少见,其发病率约为6%~20%[9],可表现为眼球外展减弱或受限,内转增强或过度。欠矫者虽斜视程度减轻,但依然有斜视,一般未有复视。有了这些情况后,患者或其亲属会有不同程度的意见或怨言,表现有情绪低落或焦虑。甚者,可由此导致医疗纠纷。这时,手术医生会承受很大的心理压力。面对这样的情况,探讨再次手术的术式和矫正量,提高其成功率,显得格外重要[10-11]。在手术上需要进行合理选择, 一般需要结合患者的肌肉功能情况、视力情况、原手术量以及远近斜视度进行制定[6]。
过矫或欠矫者的早期处理:共同性外斜视过矫者的儿童,可用10g/L阿托品凝胶扩瞳验光,如有远视,则应足矫戴镜。欠矫者,若有近视,则应足矫戴镜。共同性内斜视过矫或欠矫有近视或远视,均应足矫戴镜。对于儿童,如有弱视和视功能不全,应矫正屈光不正并行训练。对于过矫者,有复视,影响学习,但斜视角≤15△者,可戴用压贴膜性三棱镜,以矫正斜视,消除复视。经这样的处理,观察3~6mo,仍有斜视或斜视兼有复视,且斜视角≥15△,则应手术[2]。
对于≤12岁的再次手术患者,通常行全身麻醉。对于已作过手术的肌肉,球结膜最好作角膜缘梯形切口,充分分离球结膜和肌肉的粘连。如果第一次手术是做的后徙,要记录原附着点与第一次手术附着点的距离。如行前徙,要记录前移的毫米数。对于没有作过手术的肌肉,按常规操作。在病理性近视的眼球上行再次手术,因其巩膜较薄,在牵引分离和剪切上更要重视轻巧。
在术式的选择上,共同性斜视过矫者,相当部分斜视角不太大,≤±25△,连续性内斜视多表现为视近的斜视角小于视远的斜视角,我们多数行外直肌复位或前徙术,计16例,矫正量(5.37±1.56)△/mm。连续性外斜视多表现为视近的斜视角大于视远的斜视角,多数选用内直肌复位或前徙术,计9例,矫正量:5.51±2.63△/mm。对于>±30△的连续性内斜视或外斜视,除行外直肌或内直肌的复位外,尚可行其拮抗肌的后徙术,如前者行内直肌的后徙,后者行外直肌的后徙。前者5例,矫正量:5.46±1.78△/mm。后者9例,矫正量:6.25±1.59△/mm。
共同性斜视欠矫者为继发性内斜视或外斜视,斜视角≤±30△,前者视近的斜视角<视远的斜视角,则行单条外直肌截除即可,矫正量(4.03±0.98)△/mm;后者视近的斜视角>视远的斜视角,则行单内直肌截除,矫正量(4.47±0.54)△/mm;如前者视近的斜视角>视远的斜视角,则行单眼内直肌后徙,矫正量(4.33±0.29)△/mm。如后者视远斜视角≥视近的斜视角,则行单眼外直肌后徙,矫正量(2.65±0.42)△/mm。斜视角≥±30△,对于继发性内斜视未行手术眼,可行内直肌后徙加外直肌截除,其矫正量(6.86±1.32)△/mm。对于已行双内直肌后徙者,且视近的斜视角<视远的斜视角,亦可行外直肌截除。对于继发性外斜视未行手术眼,可行外直肌后徙加内直肌截除,矫正量(5.11±0.75)△/mm。对于双外直肌已行后徙,且视近斜视角>视远斜视角,也可行双内直肌截除术。
综上所述,共同性内、外斜视过矫者,通常对已做过手术的肌肉行复位术,且矫正量偏大,波动性也较大。对欠矫者,通常对未做手术的肌肉行手术,且矫正量呈常规量,相对稳定。
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Surgical method and extent of reoperation in patients with concomitant strabismus
Xiao-Hua Xie1, Lu Lü1, Dong-Cheng Du2, Hong-Bin Dai1
Dong-Cheng Du. Wuhan Eyegood Ophthalmic Hospital, Wuhan 430019, Hubei Province,China.dudongcheng666@163.com
2016-03-01Accepted:2016-06-07
•AIM:To investigate the surgical method and extent of reoperation in the concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under-correction and over-correction.
concomitant strabismus; reoperation; surgical method; corrective extent
1(430000)中国湖北省武汉市,武汉爱尔眼科医院汉口医院;2(430019)中国湖北省武汉市,武汉艾格眼科医院
谢小华,副主任医师,研究方向:斜视与小儿眼科。
杜东成,主任医师,研究方向:斜视与小儿眼科.dudongcheng666@163.com
2016-03-01
2016-06-07
Xie XH, Lü L, Du DC,etal. Surgical method and extent of reoperation in patients with concomitant strabismus.GuojiYankeZazhi(IntEyeSci) 2016;16(7):1394-1396
10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.7.53