穆尚强,孙爽,王宇,梅继文
(吉林医药学院附属医院,吉林吉林132013)
膝关节骨性关节炎患者关节液miRNAs表达变化及意义
穆尚强,孙爽,王宇,梅继文
(吉林医药学院附属医院,吉林吉林132013)
目的 探讨膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)患者关节液中差异表达的微小RNA(miRNAs)及其临床意义。方法选择KOA患者和体检健康者各33例,均为女性。采集受试者关节液标本,随机从中各选择3例份,采用miRNA芯片技术检测差异表达的miRNAs(差异表达的标准定义为上调或下调≥2倍)。采用Real-time PCR法检测剩余KOA患者和体检健康者关节液(各30例份)中差异表达miRNAs的相对表达量,对芯片检测结果进行验证。结果与体检健康者比较,KOA患者关节液中上调≥2倍的miRNAs有3个(miR-9、miR-155、miR-98),下调≥2倍的miRNAs有4个(miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a、miR-138)。KOA患者关节液miR-9、miR-155、miR-98相对表达量均高于体检健康者,miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a和miR-138相对表达量均低于体检健康者(P均<0.05)。结论KOA患者关节液miR-9、miR-155、miR-98表达升高,miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a和miR-138表达降低;上述miRNAs表达变化可能与KOA的发病有关。
骨性关节炎;膝关节;关节液;微小RNA芯片
膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)是一种多发于中老年人的慢性退行性骨关节疾病,多发生于女性,其发病率随着年龄增长呈上升趋势,60岁以上人群KOA发病率高达50%[1,2]。目前KOA的确切发病机制尚未完全阐明,性别(女性多见)、肥胖、营养、气候、生物力学等均与KOA的发生和发展有关[3]。最新研究发现,微小RNA(miRNAs)在骨与关节疾病的发病中发挥重要调节作用[4,5]。本研究观察KOA患者和正常人关节液中差异表达的miRNAs,旨在为KOA的早期诊断和基因治疗提供依据。
1.1 临床资料 选择2014年6月~2015年12月吉林医药学院附属医院骨科收治的33例KOA患者,均为女性,年龄58~69岁;病程1.5~5.4年;骨关节炎Kellgren-Lawrence影像学分级[6]:Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级18例,Ⅳ级8例。患者均符合美国风湿病学会推荐的KOA诊断标准[2]。排除标准:①合并感染性关节炎或有膝关节创伤及手术史;②合并类风湿性关节炎等自身免疫性疾病;③合并其他关节疾病;④合并糖尿病;⑤检查前两周曾服用糖皮质激素或非甾体类抗炎药。选择同期与KOA患者年龄匹配的女性体检健康者33例。本研究通过医院伦理委员会批准,受试者均知情同意。
1.2 关节液miRNAs差异表达检测 受试者均取平卧位,膝关节局部消毒麻醉后,于髌上外侧入路行膝关节腔穿刺,注射器抽取关节液约2 mL。室温条件下静置1 h,置于离心机上,2 000 r/min离心20 min。去除细胞和关节组织残存碎片,取上清置于新的EP管中,-80 ℃冰箱保存待测。于KOA患者和体检健康者的关节液标本(均为33例份)中各随机选择3例份行miRNAs芯片检测:关节液标本中加入TRIzol试剂混合进行裂解,提取总RNA,紫外分光光度计检测RNA纯度,计算OD260/OD280,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其完整性。采用miRCURYTMArray Power 标记试剂盒,用标记酶将Hy3TM荧光基团标记miRNAs,制备荧光标记探针。将标记好的探针和miRCURYTM芯片放入PhalanxTM的热收缩杂交袋进行杂交反应。miRNAs基因芯片购于丹麦Exiqon公司,包含超过1 700个miRNAs捕获探针,芯片检测由上海康成生物工程有限公司完成。使用GenePix 4000B生物芯片扫描仪对芯片进行原始图像扫描,并将结果转换成数字型数据进行保存。采用GenePix pro V6.0软件对芯片相关数据进行聚类分析,计算两种检测信号的比值(log2)及其倍数变化。差异表达的标准定义为上调或下调≥2倍。
1.3 差异表达miRNAs相对表达量检测 采用Real-time PCR法。选择剩余KOA患者和体检健康者的关节液标本各30例份,对基因芯片结果显示上调或下调≥2倍的miRNAs相对表达量进行检测:参照1.2的方法提取总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA。逆转录反应条件:16 ℃、30 min,42 ℃、40 min,85 ℃、5 min。差异表达miRNAs及内参基因U6引物序列由天根生化科技(北京)有限公司设计合成。PCR反应条件:95 ℃、3 min,95 ℃、15 s,60 ℃、20 s,72 ℃、20 s,77 ℃、20 s,共40个循环。实验重复3次。以2-ΔΔCT法计算差异表达miRNAs相对表达量。
2.1 关节液差异表达miRNAs筛选 与体检健康者比较,KOA患者关节液中上调≥2倍的miRNAs有3个,分别为miR-9、miR-155、miR-98;下调≥2倍的miRNAs有4个,分别为miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a、miR-138。见表1。
表1 KOA患者与体检健康者关节液中差异表达的miRNAs
2.2 差异表达miRNAs相对表达量比较 PCR反应扩增曲线及熔解曲线图显示曲线圆滑,熔解曲线可扩增出单峰,扩增效果满意,表明扩增的特异性和重复性良好。Real-time PCR检测结果显示,KOA患者关节液miR-9、miR-155、miR-98相对表达量均高于体检健康者,miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a和miR-138相对表达量均低于体检健康者(P均<0.05)。见表2。
表2 KOA患者与体检健康者关节液中差异表达的miRNAs相对表达量比较
注:与体检健康者比较,*P<0.05。
KOA早期临床表现多为膝关节肿胀、疼痛,随着疾病发展,患者出现膝关节活动受限,严重者可导致关节畸形[7,8],不仅严重影响生活质量,也给家庭和社会造成沉重的负担[9,10]。KOA的病因、发病机制还不完全清楚,目前临床上针对KOA的药物治疗效果有限,并不能逆转关节软骨病变过程,进一步研究KOA的病理生理和调控机制对于从基因层面上治疗KOA具有重要意义。miRNAs为近年来新发现的一类长度为18~25 nt的内源性单链小分子RNA。由于miRNAs通过碱基互补配对的方式与靶基因的3′UTR部分或完全互补,剪切靶基因的转录产物或者抑制转录产物的翻译,从而调控靶基因的表达[11,12]。目前专家预测超过30%的人类基因受miRNAs的调节,一个miRNA可以调控多个mRNA,而一个mRNA又可以受到多个miRNAs的调控。miRNAs的发现揭示了一种新的基因表达调控方式,即miRNAs的异常表达可调控疾病的发生和发展[13]。
关节液主要由关节滑囊和腱鞘的滑液膜分泌,如膝关节出现病理改变,会导致分泌的关节液中出现病变代谢产物,并潴留于关节腔。目前研究表明,KOA患者关节液中相关细胞因子和蛋白酶表达水平出现异常,且与软骨损伤程度和疾病严重程度有关[14,15]。关节液分子标志物的检测仍是目前KOA诊断、疗效检测和预后评估的有效手段[16]。随着高敏感性基因芯片和PCR技术的应用,目前已知多个miRNAs表达水平的异常改变与疾病的发生、发展密切相关[17,18]。但miRNAs芯片检测价格昂贵,目前只能用于小样本的miRNAs筛查。本研究miRNAs芯片检测结果显示,与体检健康者比较,KOA患者关节液中上调≥2倍的miRNAs有3个(miR-9、miR-155、miR-98),下调≥2倍的miRNAs有4个(miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a、miR-138)。经检测,上述异常表达miRNAs在KOA患者关节液中的表达变化与芯片检测结果一致。
综上所述,KOA患者关节液miR-9、miR-155、miR-98表达上调,miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a和miR-138表达下调;上述miRNAs表达变化可能与KOA的发病有关。通过对关节液中KOA特异性miRNAs进行检测有利于早期诊断KOA;未来需进一步对其发病中起关键调控作用的miRNAs进行早期干预,以期为其治疗提供依据。
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Altered expression levels of miRNAs in joint fluid of knee osteoarthritis patients
MUShangqiang,SUNShuang,WANGNing,MEIJiwen
(TheAffiliatedHospitalofJilinMedicalUniversity,Jilin132013,China)
Objective To investigate the differential expression of miRNAs in joint fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its clinical significance. Methods Thirty-three female KOA patients and 33 female health people were chosen. Three cases of each group were randomly selected and the joint fluid samples of these study subjects were collected. The miRNA microarray was used to assess the level and composition of miRNAs in joint fluid. The differences criteria in screening expression of miRNA: up-regulated or down-regulated expression of miRNAs ≥ 2 folds. Real-time PCR was used to assess the relative expression of miRNAs in joint fluid of the remaining KOA patients and healthy subjects (30 cases in group). Results Compared with normal controls, 3 miRNAs in which the up-regulated expression was ≥ 2 folds (miR-9, miR-155, and miR-98) and 4 miRNAs in which the down-regulated expression was ≥ 2 folds (miR-140, miR-27a, miR-146a, and miR-138) were found in the KOA group. The expression levels of miR-9, miR-155 and miR-98 were higher in KOA patients than those in healthy subjects, while the expression levels of miR-140, miR-27a, miR-146a and miR-138 were lower in KOA patients than those in healthy subjects (allP<0.05). Conclusion The expression of miR-9, miR-155 and miR-98 in joint fluid of KOA patients is up-regulated, and the expression of miR-140, miR-27a, miR-146a and miR-138 is down-regulated, and these differentially expressed miRNAs may be related to the pathogenesis of KOA.
osteoarthritis; knee; joint fluid; micro RNA microarray
吉林省教育厅“十二五”科学技术研究项目(吉教科合字[2012]第332号);吉林省卫生厅科研项目(2011ZC024);吉林医药学院附属医院院内基金资助项目。
穆尚强(1979-),男,副教授,研究方向为运动医学。E-mail: 214145905@qq.com
梅继文(1966-),男,副主任医师,研究方向为关节及脊柱疾病、创伤。E-mail: MJW19660108@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.48.002
R684.3
A
1002-266X(2016)48-0005-03
2016-03-26)