芝麻素对自发性高血压大鼠心肌氧化应激损伤的保护作用

2016-01-11 11:31李伟,杨解人,李文星
皖南医学院学报 2015年2期
关键词:自发性芝麻心肌细胞

芝麻素对自发性高血压大鼠心肌氧化应激损伤的保护作用

李伟,杨解人,李文星,张俊秀,唐丽娟,杨慧,熊莺

(皖南医学院药理学教研室,安徽芜湖241002)

【摘要】目的:观察芝麻素对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat,SHR)心肌iNOS和c-fos蛋白表达来探讨其可能保护机制。方法:SHR 35只,随机分为SHR模型组、芝麻素[40、80、160 mg/(kg·d)]组、卡托普利[30 mg/(kg·d)]组及WKY阴性组,每天灌胃给药1次,连续16周。末次给药后,称体质量,HE染色观察心肌病理变化;化学比色法测心肌组织中T-SOD的含量;免疫组化法检测心肌诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)和原癌基因(cellular oncogene fos,c-fos)阳性蛋白表达。结果:SHR组心肌细胞增生肥大且排列紊乱,组织中可见大量炎性细胞和脂肪组织浸润,心肌T-SOD的含量明显减少(P<0.01),心肌iNOS和c-fos蛋白表达显著增加(P<0.01),芝麻素和卡托普利组上述病理变化则有不同程度的改善;心肌T-SOD明显增加(P<0.01),iNOS和c-fos蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.01)。结论:芝麻素具有下调SHR心肌iNOS和c-fos蛋白表达,增强T-SOD能力,保护心肌损伤的作用。

【关键词】芝麻素;自发性高血压大鼠;心肌;T-SOD;iNOS;c-fos

【文献标识码】【中图号】R 285.5A

DOI【】10.3969/j.issn.1002-0217.2015.02.001

文章编号:1002-0217(2015)02-0107-03

基金项目:安徽省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(AH201310368112)

收稿日期:2014-07-16

作者简介:曹雨朦(1993-),女,2011级本科生,(电话)0553-3932464,(电子信箱)892466332@qq.com;

Effect of sesamin on the protein iNOS and c-fos expression in myocardia of spontaneouslyhypertensive ratsLIWei,YANGJieren,LIWenxing,ZHANGJunxiu,TANGLijuan,YANGHui,XIONGYin

Department of Pharmacology,Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241002,China

Abstract【】Objective:To observe the effects of sesamin on the protein iNOS and c-fos expression in myocardia of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR),and explore the potential protective mechanisms.Methods:Thirty-five SHRs were randomly divided into group of SHR model,sesamin treatment in diverse dosage[40,80 and 160 mg/(kg·d)] and captopril intervention[30 mg/(kg·d)],and 7 Wistar-Kyoto rats(WKY) were included as negative controls.All rats were intragastrically administrated with the drugs once a day for consecutive 16 weeks.After the final intervention,the body weight (BW) was measured,and histopathological changes of the myocardia were observed by HE staining.Colorimetric analysis was performed to measure the contents of myocardial T-SOD,and immunohitochemical method was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and c-fos.Results:SHR group demonstrated hypertrophied myocardia with disordered arrangement.Large quantity of inflammatory cells and adipose tissue infiltration were seen in the myocardial tissues,and the expression of T-SOD was significantly reduced (P<0.01),whereas the protein iNOS and c-fos expression in myocardia was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01).Myocardial pathological lesions were improved to a certain degree in the rats treated with sesamin and captopril,and T-SOD content was significantly increased (P<0.01),whereas the expression of iNOS and c-fos was notably reduced in dose-dependent manner(P<0.01).Conclusion:Sesamin could decrease the expression of iNOS and c-fos protein and enhance the ability of T-SOD,suggesting that it can be protective effect on myocardial injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

【Key words】sesamin;spontaneously hypertensive rats;myocardium;T-SOD;iNOS;c-fos

高血压病是一种危害人类健康的常见病,长期高血压可导致重要靶器官损伤,尤其对心脏损伤更为严重,可引起心肌细胞肥大、间质纤维化、细胞外基质增加、心肌细胞凋亡、心脏扩大,最终导致心脏衰竭。故临床上对高血压的治疗不仅需要降压,同时要考虑保护靶器官。芝麻素(sesamin,Ses)是从芝麻中提取的活性有效成分,具有抗氧化、降血脂、降血压等[1-3]作用。国外报道芝麻素不仅可以降低血压,还能改善去氧皮质酮-盐敏感性高血压及两肾一夹肾性高血压大鼠的心肌和血管的肥厚[4-5],我们前期研究表明,芝麻素可以逆转肾性高血压、肾性高血压伴高脂高糖饮食大鼠及SHR心肌肥厚的作用[6-8]。但芝麻素对SHR心肌保护作用机制是否与iNOS和c-fos表达有关未见报道,因此本研究以SHR为研究对象,通过检测iNOS和c-fos蛋白表达来探讨芝麻素对SHR心肌氧化应激损伤的保护作用及可能机制。

1材料与方法

1.1实验动物16周龄雄性SHR 35只和WKY 7只,体质量(340±20)g,许可证号:SCXK(沪)2007-0005,购于上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司。分笼饲养,每笼一只,保持温度22~25 ℃,相对湿度60%~70%,自然光照,定时进食(饲料购于南京市江宁区青龙山动物繁殖场)和饮水。

1.2药品和试剂芝麻素纯度93.7%,分子式为C20H15O6;分子量354.34,北京兴百祥科贸有限公司。卡托普利(captopril,Cap),25 mg/片,批准文号:国药准字H32023731,生产批号:09102411,常州制药有限公司。总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)试剂盒购于南京建成生物工程研究所。iNOS和c-fos一抗,SABC试剂盒和DAB显色试剂盒均购于武汉博士德生物工程有限公司。

1.3分组及给药SHR 35只随机分成:SHR组[0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠5 mL/(kg·d)],Ses低、中、高组[40、80、160 mg/(kg·d)],Cap阳性对照组[30 mg/(kg·d)],另设WKY正常对照组[0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠5 mL/(kg·d)],每组7只,按上述设定剂量每日灌胃1次,连续给药16周。

1.4心脏标本采集实验结束,称大鼠体质量,3%戊巴比妥钠(30 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉。取左心室心肌同一部位约2 g,按质量体积比1∶9加冷生理盐水,制成10%的心肌组织匀浆,3 000 r/min,4℃离心10 min,取上清液-20 ℃保存,用于生化测定。取心尖组织,PBS清洗,滤纸吸干,置于4%多聚甲醛中固定24 h,常规脱水、浸蜡、包埋。制成5 μm心肌切片用于HE染色及免疫组化。

1.5HE染色将各组大鼠心肌切成5 μm薄片,常规脱蜡复水,苏木精染色5 min;水洗去多余染液,0.5%盐酸酒精分化10 s;流水冲洗5 min;蒸馏水短洗;伊红染色2 min;依次70%、85%、95%、100%酒精脱水;二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片;光镜下观察心肌病理学变化。

1.6心肌T-SOD的测定比色法测定心肌匀浆中T-SOD含量(U/mgprot),具体步骤按试剂盒说明书操作。用DNM-9602酶标分析仪(北京普朗新技术有限公司)测定,波长550 nm。组织匀浆总蛋白含量测定采用BCA法。

1.7免疫组化法表达iNOS和c-fos阳性蛋白各组心肌切成5 μm薄片,常规脱蜡至水,免疫组化步骤如下:0.01 mol/L枸橼酸盐微波抗原修复,室温冷却,PBS洗涤3次;滴加3%过氧化氢室温孵育15 min灭活内源性过氧化物酶,PBS洗3次;滴加5% BSA封闭液37 ℃,30 min,甩去多余液体,不洗;滴加iNOS、c-fos一抗(1∶200),4 ℃冰箱过夜,37 ℃复温45 min,PBS洗涤3次;滴加生物素化山羊抗兔的二抗,置37 ℃,30 min,PBS漂洗3次;滴加SABC,37 ℃,30 min,PBS漂洗4次;DAB显色5 min,蒸馏水洗涤;苏木素复染2 min,自来水冲洗,分色液分色6~7 s,自来水冲洗;无水酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树脂封片。

2结果

2.1芝麻素对SHR心肌HE染色的影响光镜下观察到WKY组心肌细胞间隙、组织形态正常,呈长梭形,心肌纤维结构清晰排列整齐。SHR组心肌细胞增生肥大,心肌纤维增粗且排列紊乱,细胞核增大,组织中可见炎性细胞和脂肪组织浸润,提示心肌细胞出现病理损伤。当给予不同剂量的Ses和Cap后,心肌细胞的形态及增生均有不同程度的改善,心肌纤维排列较为整齐,炎性细胞和脂肪组织浸润均有所减少,说明心肌细胞的病理损伤均有不同程度的好转。提示Ses和Cap对SHR心肌细胞损伤具有一定的保护作用(图1)。

2.2芝麻素对SHR心肌T-SOD的影响与WKY比较,SHR心肌T-SOD含量显著减少,具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);与SHR比较,Ses各剂量组和Cap组心肌T-SOD不同程度的增加,具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),且芝麻素各剂量组呈明显的剂量依赖关系(r=0.963 7,R2=0.928 7)。显示芝麻素对SHR有一定的抗氧化能力(表1)。

2.3芝麻素对SHR心肌iNOS和c-fos蛋白表达的影响与WKY比较,SHR心肌iNOS和c-fos蛋白表达显著增多,具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);与SHR比较,Ses 160、80 mg/kg剂量组和Cap组心肌iNOS和c-fos表达明显减少,具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),说明芝麻素可下调SHR心肌iNOS和c-fos蛋白的表达(表2、图2、3)。

A.WKY,B.SHR,C.Ses160 mg/kg,D.Ses80 mg/kg,E.Ses40 mg/kg,F.Cap30 mg/kg

图1芝麻素对SHR心肌HE染色的影响(200×)
Fig 1Effect of sesamin on the myocardium of SHR (HE,200×)

表1芝麻素对自发性高血压大鼠心肌T-SOD的影响

Groupdose(mg/kg)nT-SOD(U/mgprot)WKY-795.21±2.73SHR-757.07±6.72**Sesamin160791.81±7.62##Sesamin80783.62±6.25**##Sesamin40760.3±7.44**Captopril30792.34±4.84##

*P<0.05,**P<0.01vsWKY;#P<0.05,##P<0.01vsSHR

表2芝麻素对SHR心肌iNOS和c-fos蛋白表达的影响

Groupdose(mg/kg)niNOS(AIOD)c-fos(AIOD)WKY-70.43±0.080.42±0.10SHR-70.96±0.16**0.79±0.15**Sesamin16070.51±0.12##0.47±0.07##Sesamin8070.69±0.12**##0.64±0.10**#Sesamin4070.92±0.15**0.74±0.10**Captopril3070.46±0.10##0.44±0.09##

*P<0.05,**P<0.01vsWKY;#P<0.05,##P<0.01vsSHR

3讨论

形态学实验结果显示,SHR心肌细胞增生肥厚,形态异常,心肌纤维增粗及排列紊乱,出现大量炎性细胞和脂肪组织浸润,证明SHR的心肌细胞出现病理性损伤。给予芝麻素治疗16周后,心肌细胞及纤维有不同程度的改善,炎性浸润有所减轻,说明芝麻素对心肌细胞的损伤有一定的保护作用。但通过何种途径发挥保护作用值得进行探讨和研究。

A.WKY,B.SHR,C.Ses160 mg/kg,D.Ses80 mg/kg,E.Ses40 mg/kg,F.Cap30 mg/kg

图2芝麻素对SHR心肌iNOS蛋白表达的影响(HE,400×)
Fig 2Effect of sesamin on iNOS expression in myocardium of SHR(HE,400×)

A.WKY,B.SHR,C.Ses160 mg/kg,D.Ses80 mg/kg,E.Ses40 mg/kg,F.Cap30 mg/kg

图3芝麻素对SHR心肌c-fos表达的影响(HE,400×)
Fig 3Effect of sesamin on c-fos expression in myocardium of SHR(HE,400×)

SHR心肌出现氧化应激,活性氧诱导原癌基因c-fos的表达增强,心肌细胞蛋白由胎儿型向合成型转换,蛋白合成增加,触发和调节心肌肥厚的发展,被众多学者认为是AngⅡ心肌肥厚的标志物[17-19]。前期研究表明[8],SHR心肌全心湿质量,左心湿质量及左心湿质量指数明显增加,而心肌纤维和胶原也有不同程度增加,细胞超微结构显示心肌细胞浊肿,空泡样变化,胶原纤维明显增生,线粒体肿胀,基质密度降低,部分空泡变性,而芝麻素各组有不同的好转,说明SHR心肌出现肥厚及损伤,但对于标志物c-fos并未检测。因此本研究采用免疫组化法,观察SHR心肌中c-fos表达是否有改变,结果证明SHR心肌组织中c-fos蛋白表达明显增强,与文献报道相一致[12,20],说明SHR心肌损伤可能与心肌c-fos表达上调有关。而SHR心肌损伤大鼠经芝麻素治疗后,心肌组织中c-fos蛋白表达不同程度减少,说明芝麻素改善SHR心肌细胞损伤的作用机制可能与下调c-fos蛋白表达有关。

综上所述,芝麻素具有保护SHR心肌细胞损伤的作用,其机制可能与提高心肌细胞中T-SOD能力,下调iNOS和c-fos的蛋白表达有关,其确切机制有待进一步研究。

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·基础医学·

郑书国,男,副教授,硕士生导师,(电话)13955300871,(电子信箱)zhengsg2000@163.com,通讯作者.

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