《无声告白》:于无声处听惊雷

2016-01-07 13:05陈榕
新东方英语 2016年1期
关键词:莉迪亚内斯汉娜

陈榕

伍绮诗(Celeste Ng)出生于美国宾夕法尼亚州的匹兹堡,父母是20世纪60年代到美国的香港移民。她的中学时代是在俄亥俄州的谢克海兹度过的。1998年,她考入哈佛大学,学习英语专业,毕业后又参加了密歇根大学的写作硕士班,从那时起开始职业文学创作。她所撰写的短篇小说以及散文发表于各类文学期刊。《无声告白》(Everything I Never Told You)是她的第一部长篇小说。这部小说战胜了英国资深历史小说家希拉里·曼特尔和美国畅销小说家斯蒂芬·金的作品,获得了2014年亚马逊年度小说奖。Excerpts1)

There is so much more to do, so much yet to be mended. But for now, he2) thinks only of this, his daughter3), here in his arms. He had forgotten what it was like to hold a child—to hold anyone—like that. How their weight sank into you, how they clung instinctively. How they trusted you. It is a long time before he is ready to let her go.

And when Marilyn4) wakes and comes downstairs, just as the light is fading, this is what she finds: her husband cradling their youngest in a circle of lamplight, a tender look of calm on his face.

“Youre home,” Marilyn says. All of them know it is a question.

“Im home,” James says, and Hannah rises on tiptoes, edging toward the door. She can feel the room is poised on the edge—of what, shes not sure, but she does not want to destroy this beautiful, sensitive balance. Accustomed to being overlooked, she sidles toward her mother, ready to slip by unnoticed. Then Marilyn touches a gentle hand to her shoulder, and Hannahs heels land on the floor with a surprised thump5).

“Its all right,” Marilyn says. “Your father and I just need to talk.” Then—and Hannah flushes with delight—she kisses her on the head, right where the hair parts, and says, “Well see you in the morning.”

Halfway up the steps, Hannah pauses. From downstairs, she hears only a low murmur of voices, but for once she does not creep back down to listen. Well see you in the morning, her mother had said, and she takes this as a promise. She tiptoes across the landing—past Nath6)s room, where behind the closed door her brother lies in a dreamless sleep, the remnants of the whiskey slowly steaming from his pores; past Lydias room, which looks, in the dark, like nothing has changed, though nothing could be further from the truth; all the way up to her own room, where through the windows the lawn outside is just beginning to turn from inky blue to black. Her glow-in-the-dark clock reads just past eight, but it feels later, like the middle of the night, the darkness quiet and thick as a down comforter. She wraps that feeling around her. From up here, she cant hear her parents talking. But its enough to know that theyre there.

………………………………………

Downstairs, Marilyn lingers in the doorway, one hand on the jamb7). James tries to swallow, but something hard and sharp lodges in his throat, like a fishbone. Once he had been able to read his wifes mood even from her back. By the tilt8) of her shoulders, by the shifting of her weight from left foot to right, he would have known what she was thinking. But its been a long time since he looked at her carefully, and now, even face-to-face, all he can see are the faint wrinkles at the corners of her eyes, the faint wrinkles where her blouse has been crushed, then straightened.

“I thought youd gone,” she says at last.

When Jamess voice squeezes around the sharp thing in his throat, it comes out thin and scratched. “I thought you had.”

And for the moment, this is everything they need to say.

Some things they will never discuss: James will never talk to Louisa9) again, and he will be ashamed of this for as long as he lives. Later, slowly, they will piece together other things that have never been said. He will show her the coroner10)s report; she will press the cookbook into his hands. How long it will be before he speaks to his son without flint11) in his voice; how long it will be before Nath no longer flinches12) when his father speaks. For the rest of the summer, and for years after that, they will grope for the words that say what they mean: to Nath, to Hannah, to each other. There is so much they need to say.

In this moment of silence, something touches Jamess hand, so light he can barely feel it. A moth, he thinks. The sleeve of his shirt. But when he looks down, he sees Marilyns fingers curled over his, the merest curve as they squeeze. He has almost forgotten what it felt like, to touch her. To be forgiven even just this much. He bows his head and rests it on the back of her hand, overwhelmed with gratitude at having one more day.

作品赏析

在小说《无声告白》中,李先生一家人的人生在1977年5月3日彻底改变了。这一天,这个家庭的大女儿莉迪亚在湖中溺水身亡。她因何而死?是意外事故?是遭遇谋杀?是绝望自杀?小说犹如侦探剧一样的开篇令人们不禁想要探究事实的真相,而在所有人中,最渴望找到答案的是莉迪亚的家人。

莉迪亚一家生活在美国俄亥俄州一个典型的中产阶级社区。父亲詹姆斯·李是华裔,娶了白人妻子玛丽琳。这个家庭采用男主外女主内的传统模式,李先生在大学教历史,玛丽琳是家庭主妇。夫妻俩育有三个孩子。长子内斯已经考取哈佛大学,即将去读书。大女儿莉迪亚正在上高中。小女儿汉娜还在读小学。从表面看,这是一个幸福的家庭。父亲儒雅而博学,母亲专心相夫教子,而他们的三个孩子有着华裔家庭出身的乖巧听话和勤奋刻苦。莉迪亚自小懂事,不曾离经叛道,更不曾结下仇家。她为什么会溺亡湖中?在李先生一家人看来,原因必定是来自于外部世界。是不是女儿途经湖边时,遇到了穷凶极恶的歹徒?但警察经过调查却告诉他们,莉迪亚死于自杀,而不是他杀。他们于是又联想到,会不会女儿在学校遇到了欺凌?有没有可能是邻居的坏小子伤害了她,让她觉得生无可恋?

故事抽丝剥茧地展开,我们随着情节的层层递进渐渐发现,外因不是莉迪亚之死的主导因素。莉迪亚自杀的诱因其实深埋在这个表面看起来一团祥和的家庭中。一层又一层无言的压力逼迫着这个孩子,她的敏感和脆弱最终将她带向了绝望的深渊。

莉迪亚体会到的第一重压力是她一直在为别人而活。她童年时曾经目睹母亲玛丽琳离家出走。她以为是因为自己让母亲失望,母亲才会选择离开。当母亲回来后,她下定决心要做个听话的好孩子。从此,她将自己人生的主导权交给了母亲。玛丽琳曾想当一名医生,却做了家庭主妇。所以,她格外看重莉迪亚,希望孩子能够延续她的梦想。而莉迪亚便以此为理想,渴望成为母亲心目中的女儿。她放弃了童年的嬉戏,刻苦用功,是大家眼中的乖乖女和优等生。母亲也常常对她满意地微笑。可是进入高中,功课的难度加大,无论她如何努力,成绩单上的分数却越来越让人失望。她体会到浓重的焦虑感,而沉重的心理负担只能令她的成绩每况愈下。

莉迪亚体会到的第二重压力来自于她在家庭关系中感觉到的不安全感。她不仅因为母亲离家出走体会到了被抛弃的痛苦,而且也感到了哥哥对自己的嫉妒和敌意。她一直是三个孩子中最受爸爸妈妈宠爱的,这不免引起了被忽视的哥哥内斯的敌意。内斯甚至有一次将她推下湖,害她几乎淹死。同时,天生敏感的她近期还看到了自己的父亲和年轻的助教路易莎在一起谈吐亲密,误认为父亲已经有了外遇。她不敢问父亲,怕引起他的不快,也不敢告诉母亲,怕她伤心。

莉迪亚体会到的第三重压力来自于她形单影只的校园生活。她是个16岁的少女,正该无忧无虑和同学们一起享受青春的人生,可是在学校里,她没有知心的好友,只是同学眼中沉默寡言的书呆子。她内心苦闷,为了反叛,她主动接近邻居家声名不佳的男孩杰克。幸好杰克虽外表浪荡,对她却很尊重,也能理解她的痛苦,给了她不少安慰。可是最终她才发现,杰克是没有出柜的同性恋,对她友善,是因为默默地喜欢着她的哥哥内斯。

《无声告白》虽然是伍绮诗的长篇小说处女作,但在这部作品中作者对叙述节奏却有着超乎寻常的成熟掌控。我们随着故事的推进,慢慢走进莉迪亚这个内向、敏感的少女的内心世界。在那里,我们能够听到她深沉的渴望、翻涌的焦虑和绝望的告白。而形成反差的是,现实中的她却越来越拒绝表达。她没有来得及体会生的美好,只感觉到了生的重荷,自杀对她来说是解脱。她死于沉默。

内心越是充满了挣扎与尖叫,面对这个世界时,越是不知道从何说起。这不仅是《无声告白》中莉迪亚的困境,也是她的家人的困境。莉迪亚的父亲李先生没有告诉过家人他的无奈。他毕业于哈佛大学,本可以留校,却因为华裔身份,不得不委身在一所普通大学教书。他娶了白人做妻子,内心却明了自己没有能够满足妻子的期待。他爱自己的孩子,却不懂如何表达。莉迪亚的妈妈玛丽琳也有无法言说的伤怀往事。她曾立志做医生,不想拘囿在家庭主妇围着丈夫孩子转的逼仄空间,甚至一度离家出走,然而发现自己又怀孕了,只好又回到家里。她将受挫的梦想转移到大女儿身上,但她的过度期望却将女儿逼上绝路。除了莉迪亚,这个家里的另外两个孩子也是沉默的。内斯想要成为宇航员,却只能够按照父母的心意,主动填报哈佛大学为志愿。汉娜是这个家里被人忽视的小女儿,默默地生活在哥哥姐姐的阴影里。

莉迪亚死于花季年华,这是悲剧。在她死后,所有的家人都陷入了深深的自责。如果他们能够敞开心扉,坦承人生的挫折感,不将压力转给他人,或许莉迪亚也能学会原谅她自己,不必因学习成绩不够理想而自杀。如果他们能够仔细聆听莉迪亚的内心,而不是封闭在自己的小世界里,或许莉迪亚也能更勇敢地表达自己,不必溺亡在孤独中。

我们往往将缄默与隐忍当做美德。我们那些琐屑的烦恼何足道?我们不该用自己的渴望打扰他人。我们更没有必要袒露自身,让别人看到软弱的自己。殊不知,缄默往往会导致深重的误会,乃至更大的悲剧。不习惯言说,日久天长,可能会彻底丧失了言说的能力。“于无声处听惊雷。”《无声告白》中,莉迪亚用死亡发出了最尖锐的求救与呼号,唤醒了她最亲最爱的家人。这不是个习惯交流与表达的家庭。每个人都为他人着想,隐藏着自己的内心。每个人都怀着受挫的梦想,各自在孤独中煎熬。莉迪亚的死逼迫他们用言说疗伤,用拥抱取暖,也正视渺小脆弱的自己。李先生和玛丽琳争吵、分手、复合,走过了一个轮回,心灵反而靠得更近。内斯决定追随梦想,成为一名宇航员。汉娜得到了父母的关爱,不会再重蹈姐姐的覆辙。这个家庭的创痛是永远的:他们错失了听到莉迪亚告白的机会,终生负疚。或许能够令莉迪亚在另一个世界里感到安慰的是,他们没有错失她用死亡传递的呼唤,走出了各自的小世界,学会了坦诚言说自我,学会了专注倾听他人。

1. 节选部分选自小说的最后一章,主要讲述了弄清楚莉迪亚(Lydia)死因的一家人虽然还无法完全接受这一现实,但情绪已变得平静许多,并在积蓄生活下去的勇气。

2. he:此处指小说中莉迪亚的父亲詹姆斯·李(James Lee)。

3. his daughter:此处指小说中莉迪亚的妹妹汉娜(Hannah)。

4. Marilyn:玛丽琳,小说中莉迪亚的母亲

5. thump [θ?mp] n. 重击声,砰然声

6. Nath:内斯,小说中莉迪亚的哥哥

7. jamb [d??m] n. 门窗边框

8. tilt [t?lt] n. 倾斜

9. Louisa:路易莎,小说中她是莉迪亚的父亲詹姆斯的助教,曾和詹姆斯有暧昧关系。

10. coroner [?k?r?n?(r)] n. 验尸官

11. flint [fl?nt] n. 打火石

12. flinch [fl?nt?] vi. 退缩;畏惧

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