UPLC-MS/MS法测定糙米和稻壳中吡唑醚菌酯残留

2016-01-03 10:49井乐刚
中国粮油学报 2016年8期
关键词:稻壳吡唑糙米

由 晓 井乐刚

UPLC-MS/MS法测定糙米和稻壳中吡唑醚菌酯残留

由 晓 井乐刚

(哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,哈尔滨 150025)

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定糙米和稻壳中吡唑醚菌酯残留的方法。样品中吡唑醚菌酯经乙腈水溶液提取、弗罗里硅土柱净化后,以C18反相柱为分析柱,甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相,在多反应监测模式下进行质谱检测,采用电喷雾正离子源,外标法定量。吡唑醚菌酯在0.02~0.50 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,线性方程为:y=77 425 x+630.82,相关系数的平方为0.997 9。向空白糙米、空白稻壳中分别添加吡唑醚菌酯标样,使其添加量分别为0.02、0.05、0.10 mg/kg时,平均回收率分别为84.7%~101.0%和86.2%~102.5%,相对标准偏差分别为3.7%~4.9%和5.8%~8.1%。糙米和稻壳中吡唑醚菌酯的最低检测限均为0.2μg/kg。该方法的灵敏度和准确度都较高,适合于糙米和稻壳中吡唑醚菌酯的残留分析。

吡唑醚菌酯 残留 UPLC-MS/MS 糙米 稻壳

吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclostrobin)又名唑菌胺酯,结构式见图1[1]。吡唑醚菌酯是德国巴斯夫公司于1993年开发的一种新型广谱甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂,自2002年上市以来已经在100多种作物上获准登记应用[1],主要用于防治葡萄[2]、草莓[3]、黄瓜[4]、番茄[5]、小麦[6]、大豆[7]及其他大田作物上由子囊菌纲、担子菌纲、半知菌纲和卵菌纲真菌引起的叶枯病、锈病、白粉病等多种病害。吡唑醚菌酯对水稻穗瘟病、纹枯病也有较好的防治效果[8],但尚未大量用于水稻病害防治。

关于吡唑醚菌酯的残留分析,国内外已报道的方法包括气相色谱法[9]、气相色谱- 质谱法[10-12]、高效液相色谱法[13-14]、高效液相色谱- 质谱法[15-17]、酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)法[18]、表面等离子体共振(SPR)法[19]等。这些方法或者灵敏度、准确性、稳定性较低,或者操作费时,或者分析成本较高,而且分析对象大多为水果(汁)、蔬菜、饮料、坚果等。鉴于吡唑醚菌酯在水稻病害防治方面的潜在应用前景,而其在稻米中的残留分析方法鲜见报道,为此,本试验建立了一种准确、快速、灵敏的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法,以测定吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻壳中的残留,为测定其在大米中的残留及研究其在水稻植株及稻田环境中的残留消解动态提供参考。

图1 吡唑醚菌酯的化学结构式

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料及试剂

糙米、稻壳(吉粳301):黑龙江省肇东市东发乡。

吡唑醚菌酯标准品(纯度99.0%):德国巴斯夫公司,乙腈、甲醇、二氯甲烷、甲酸、氯化钠、无水硫酸钠均为国产分析纯。

1.2 仪器

Waters TQD超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪(配电喷雾离子源):美国Waters公司;MS1漩涡混合仪:德国IKA公司;RE-52AA氮吹仪:美国Organomation Associates公司;弗罗里硅土固相萃取小柱(500mg,6mL):美国Agilent公司。

1.3 试验方法

1.3.1 标准曲线的制作

准确称取吡唑醚菌酯标准品,用甲醇配制成1 000 mg/L的标准储备液,然后用甲醇将其稀释,分别配制成浓度为0.02、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.50 mg/L的标准溶液。取5μL用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定。以吡唑醚菌酯浓度(x)为横坐标,峰面积(y)为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。

1.3.2 样品前处理

1.3.2.1 样品提取

糙米:称取经粉碎并过40目筛的糙米10.00 g,置于烧杯中,加入20 mL蒸馏水和20 mL乙腈,匀浆提取3 min,静置5 min。将上清液倒入装有5 g氯化钠的离心管中,剧烈振荡2~3 min,3 000 r/min离心5 min。取上层乙腈相5 mL,经无水硫酸钠柱脱水后,收集至刻度试管中,30℃水浴中氮气吹干,加入甲醇-二氯甲烷(1∶9,体积比)3 mL,待净化。

稻壳:称取稻壳5.00 g置于烧杯中,加入20 mL蒸馏水和20 mL乙腈,匀浆提取3 min,将上清液倒入装有5 g氯化钠的离心管中,剧烈振荡2~3 min,3 000 r/min离心5 min。取上层乙腈相10 mL,经无水硫酸钠柱脱水后,收集至刻度试管中,30℃水浴中氮气吹干,加入甲醇-二氯甲烷(1∶9,体积比)3 mL,待净化。

1.3.2.2 样品净化

用10 mL淋洗液[甲醇-二氯甲烷(1∶9,体积比)]淋洗、活化弗罗里硅土固相萃取小柱。将上述样品液加入到柱上,用刻度试管接收流出液(流速约1.36 mL/min)。用6.0 mL淋洗液冲洗盛装样品液的刻度试管并淋洗小柱。将盛有流出液的试管置于氮吹仪上,在30℃水浴条件下,氮吹蒸发至近干,用甲醇定容至2.0 mL,在漩涡混合器上混匀,经0.22 μm滤膜过滤后,用UPLC-MS/MS检测。

1.3.3 色谱条件

色谱柱:Acquity UPLC BEH C18(50 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm);流动相:甲醇(A)和0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)。梯度洗脱程序:0.00~1.00 min,10%A ~90%A;1.00 ~2.40 min,90%A;2.40 ~3.00 min,90%A ~10%A;3.00 ~4.00 min,10%A。流速:0.25 mL/min;柱温:35 ℃;进样量:5 μL。

1.3.4 质谱条件

离子源:电喷雾离子源;扫描方式:正离子方式;监测方式:多重反应监测(MRM);毛细管电压:4.0 kV;锥孔电压:20 V;离子源温度:120℃;脱溶剂温度:350 ℃;脱溶剂气流量:650 L/h;锥孔气流量:50 L/h。其他质谱条件如表1所示。

表1 吡唑醚菌酯的多重反应监测串联质谱条件

1.3.5 添加回收率试验

分别称取空白糙米样品10.00 g、空白稻壳样品5.00 g,分别向其中添加吡唑醚菌酯标准溶液,添加水平分别为0.02、0.05、0.10 mg/kg,每个添加水平重复5次,按照上述提取和净化步骤处理后进行测定,计算每种样品的平均添加回收率和相对标准偏差。

2 结果与分析

2.1 方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度

测定吡唑醚菌酯含量的标准曲线的回归方程为:y=774 25 x+630.82,R2=0.997 9,在0.02~0.50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好。由吡唑醚菌酯标准品的MRM色谱图(图2)可知,吡唑醚菌酯的保留时间为2.98 min。

图2 吡唑醚菌酯标准品的MRM色谱图

图3 空白糙米和添加吡唑醚菌酯标准品糙米的MRM色谱图

吡唑醚菌酯在糙米、稻壳中的添加回收试验的MRM色谱图分别见图3和图4,添加回收试验的结果见表2。可以看出,吡唑醚菌酯在糙米、稻壳中的添加平均回收率分别在84.7%~101.0%和86.2%~102.5%之间,相对标准偏差分别在3.7%~4.9%和5.8%~8.1%之间。吡唑醚菌酯的最小检出量为1×10-12g。按照S/N(信号/噪声)=10 计算,得出吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻壳中的定量限(LOQ)均为0.7 μg/kg;按照S/N=3计算,得出吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻壳中的检出限(LOD)均为0.2μg/kg。LOQ和LOD 均低于洪文英等[4]、张育乐等[20]的研究结果。

表2 吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻壳中的添加回收率及相对标准偏差(n=5)

结果表明,用此方法测定糙米、稻壳中吡唑醚菌酯的残留,准确度、精密度和灵敏度均较好,能够满足残留分析的要求。

2.2 实际样品的分析

为验证该方法的可靠性,从市场上采购了糙米和稻壳样品各3种,进行实际样品测定。结果在这些样品中均未检出吡唑醚菌酯残留。同时,对来自广西壮族自治区广西大学农场试验田中喷施吡唑醚菌酯的水稻糙米和稻壳样品(各5种),分别进行了最终残留量测定,结果见表3。其中,糙米样品1、2、3、4、5 的施药剂量分别为4、4、4、6、6 g·a-1,施药次数分别为2、3、3、2、3次,采样距末次施药间隔分别为30、30、40、30、40 d;稻壳样品1、2、3、4、5 的田间试验方案分别与相应的糙米样品相同。从表3中数据可以看出,吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻壳中的最终残留量,均随施药剂量的增加、施药次数的增加及采样距末次施药间隔的缩短而增加。这说明该分析结果真实地反映了吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻壳中的最终残留情况,即该检测方法是可靠的。

表3 吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻壳中的最终残留量(n=3)

3 结论

本研究建立了测定糙米、稻壳中农药吡唑醚菌酯残留的UPLC-MS/MS分析方法。样品经乙腈水溶液提取、弗罗里硅土柱净化、Acquity UPLC BEH C18反相柱分离,用UPLC-MS/MS联用仪检测。该方法线性关系良好,糙米和稻壳中吡唑醚菌酯残留的最低检测限量均可达0.2μg/kg,灵敏度高、准确性好,具有较高的应用价值。

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Determination of Pyraclostrobin Residues in Brown Rice and Rice Husk by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry

You Xiao Jing Legang
(College of Life Science and Technology,Haerbin Normal University,Haerbin 150025)

The method of determining the pyraclostrobin residues in brown rice and rice husk by ultraperformance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC -MS/MS)was established.The pyraclostrobin residues in samples were extracted with aqueous acetonitrile,and cleaned up on a florisil column ,and cleaned up on a florisil column,then separated by the C18reverse phase column using aqueous methanol and methanoic acid as mobile phase.The pyraclostrobin was detected by MS with electrospray positive ionization source under a multiple reaction monitoring mode,and quantified by external standard method.An excellent linear relationship between pyraclostrobin concentration(x)in the range of 0.02 ~0.50 mg/L and peak area(y)was achieved.The linear equation was y =77 425x+630.82,and the square of correlation coefficient was 0.997 9.Add pyraclostrobin samples separately into the blank brown rice and rice husk,and when the additive amount were separately 0.02,0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg,the average recovery were 84.7%to 101.0%,and 86.2%to 102.5%.The relative standard deviation were separately 3.7%~4.9%,and 5.8%~8.1%.The limit of detection for both the brown rice and rice husk was 0.2 μg/kg.The sensitivity and accuracy of this method were relatively higher,which was applied for the determination of pyraclostrobin residues in brown rice and rice husk.

pyraclostrobin,residue,ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry,brown rice,rice husk

TS207.5

A

1003-0174(2016)08-0148-05

黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究(12531177)

2014-12-12

由晓,女,1990年出生,硕士,农药残留分析

井乐刚,男,1972年出生,教授,食品化学

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