情景交际类单项填空题分类例析

2015-07-13 20:38朱青
试题与研究·中考英语 2015年1期
关键词:答语真题考点

朱青

情景交际类单项填空题是中考必考题目之一。情景交际试题以英语交际为载体,重点考查学生灵活运用语言的能力,一般围绕新课程标准提供的语言功能,就某一项目而命题。该类题目在中考单项填空中的题量为3至5题。现将该类题目的解题技巧总结如下:

☆通览全题,了解主题。通过阅读题目,判断所给材料涉及哪方面的情景或话题,并联想一下谈论该话题的常用句子有哪些,这是做好此类题目的关键。

☆分析情境,套用选项。做题时要仔细分析题目中的交际情境,即从问句中得出合适的答语,或者从应答语中能够得出相应的问句。同时利用各个话题之间的关系,抓住主要信息点,初步得出答案。

☆仔细检查,验证答案。初步选定答案后,考生可以将答案放入题目中,仔细对照上下文,验证所选答案是否与所给的语境、语法和习惯用法相符。同时还要注意中西方的文化差异,不能按照汉语的思维习惯和表达方式去理解。

下面我们就中考情景交际类单项填空的常考话题作具体归类和分析:

考点1 问候

常用句型:

① —Hello! How are you? 喂,你好吗?

—Fine, thank you. And (how are) you? 很好,谢谢你。你怎么样?

② —Nice to see / meet you. 很高兴见到你。

—Nice to see / meet you, too. 我也很高兴见到你。

③ —Hows it going? 近来很好吧?

—Pretty well. / Not too bad. 相当好/不错。

【真题链接】(2014年昆明卷) —Hows it going, Alan?

—.

A. Long time no see

B. Im drawing a picture

C. Its going to rain

D. Pretty good

【答案解析】D。问句句意为:艾伦,近来一切都好吧?其肯定回答通常为“Pretty good.”或“Not too bad.”。

考点2 感谢与应答

常用句型:

感谢常用语:

① Thank you (very much)! (非常)谢谢你!

② Thanks (a lot). / Many thanks. (非常)感谢。

③ Its very kind of you. 你真是太好了。

④ Thanks. That would be nice. 谢谢。那太好了。

应答常用语:

Nor at all. / Thats OK. / Thats all right. / Youre welcome. / Its a pleasure. / My pleasure. 不用谢/不客气。

【真题链接】(2014年南宁卷) —Thank you for your help.

—.

A. Good morning

B. Youre welcome

C. Fine thank you

D. Nice to meet you

【答案解析】B。上句句意为:谢谢你的帮助。由此可知,应答句应该用“Youre welcome.”。

考点3 道歉与应答

常用句型:

① Excuse me, please. 打扰一下。

② I beg your pardon. 请原谅。

③ Sorry, Im sorry for / that … 很抱歉,我……

④ Thats all right. / Thats OK. / Never mind. / Its doesnt matter. 没关系。

【真题链接1】(2014年潍坊卷) —Im very sorry I am late. Too crowded in the street.

—. Better late than never.

A. Its too bad B. Youd better not

B. Take it easyD. It doesnt matter

【答案解析】D。上句表示“因迟到而抱歉”,那么应答句应该用“It doesnt matter.”。

【真题链接2】(2014年绍兴卷) —Im sorryI have broken the chair.

—. I can easily get it repaired.

A. Thats trueB. Youre welcome

C. Never mindD. Sounds fun

【答案解析】C。由上句“抱歉,我弄坏了椅子”可知,说话人在表示道歉,故用“Never mind.”来应答。

考点4 祝愿与祝贺

常用句型:

① Good luck! 祝你好运!

② Merry Christmas! 祝你圣诞快乐!

③ Happy new year! 新年快乐!

④ Happy birthday! 生日快乐!

⑤ Congratulation! 祝贺你!

⑥ Have a good time. 祝你玩得高兴。

⑦ The same to you. 同样祝福你。

【真题链接1】(2014年泰安卷) —Hi, Lucy. Our school won the football match yesterday.

A. Congratulations!B. What a pity!

C. No problem.D. Never mind.

【答案解析】A。上句句意为:嗨,露西,我们学校昨天赢了足球赛。由此可知,应答时应该表示祝贺。

【真题链接2】(2014年南昌卷) —My parents and I will go to London for a trip tomorrow.

—Really? .

A. I dont think so

B. Have a good time

B. Thats very strange

D. You should try it

【答案解析】B。上句句意为:明天我的父母和我将去伦敦旅游。当别人外出游玩时,我们应祝福他们“玩得高兴”。

考点5 邀请与应答

常用句型:

① Will you come to my party? 你愿意来参加我的聚会吗?

② Would you like to go for a walk? 你想要去散步吗?

③ May I invite you to dinner? 我可以邀请你共进晚餐吗?

④ Yes, Id love / like to. 是的,我很乐意去。

⑤ Yes. Its very kind of you. 是的,你真是太好了。

⑥ Id love / like to, but … 我很想去,但是……

【真题链接】(2014年凉山卷) —Tom, would you like to go to our English party this Saturday?

—.

A. Yes, pleaseB. I dont like to

C. Yes, Id love toD. Yes, thanks

【答案解析】C。“Would you like …?”表示“你想要……吗?”,其肯定答语一般是“Yes, Id love to.”。

考点6 劝告与建议

常用句型:

① Youd better ask that woman. 你最好问问那位女士。

② Why dont you go to the park? / Why not go to the park? 为什么不去公园呢?

③ How / What about going out for a walk? 去散步怎么样?

④ Shall we play together? 我们一起玩好吗?

⑤ You shouldnt stay up too late. 别睡得太晚。

⑥ Would you mind opening the door? 你介意打开这扇门吗?

应答常用语(肯定回答):

Yes, please. / Certainly. / Good idea. / Thats a good idea. / All right. / Sure. / Yes, lets … / I would like to …

应答常用语(否定回答):

No, thank you. / Sorry, we cant. / Sorry,you cant. / Sorry, but … / Yes, Id like to,but …

【真题链接】(2014年铜仁卷) —Its too hot. Why not go swimming with us?

—.

A. Good ideaB. Thats right

C. Well doneD. Congratulations

【答案解析】A。上句句意为:天气太热了。为什么不和我们一起去游泳呢?这是表示建议的句子,其肯定回答应该是“Good idea!”。

考点7 看病及应答

常用句型:

① Whats wrong with you? / Whats the matter with you? / Whats up? 你怎么了?

② How long have you been like this? 你像这样多久了?

③ Have you taken your temperature? 你测过体温了吗?

④ Theres nothing serious. 不要紧/不严重。

⑤ You will get better soon. 你会很快好起来的。

⑥ I have a cold. 我感冒了。

⑦ Im not feeling well. / I dont feel very well. / I feel terrible. 我感觉不舒服。

⑧ Theres something wrong with my stomach. 我的胃不舒服。

【真题链接】(2013年孝感卷) —?

—I have a headache and I dont feel like eating anything.

A. How are you

B. What can I do for you

C. Whats the matter with you

D. How do you like it

【答案解析】C。根据答语“我头疼并且不想吃任何东西”可知,上一句应该是询问病情,故选C。

考点8 问路及应答

常用句型:

① Excuse me, wheres …? 劳驾,请问……在哪儿?

② How can I get to …? 我怎样去……?

③ Which is the way to …? 哪是去……的路?

④ Could you tell me how to get to the …? 请问你能告诉我怎样去……吗?

⑤ How far is it? 有多远?

⑥ Its over there on the left / right. 在那边的左边/右边。

⑦ Its next to the … / in front of the … / behind the … / outside the … / between … and …它在……旁边/前面/后面/外面/中间。

⑧ Walk along the road, and then take the second turning on the left / right. 沿着这条路直走,然后在第二个转弯处向左/右拐。

⑨ Its about 15 minutes walk. 步行大约15分钟。

⑩ Go down this street until you reach the second traffic lights. 沿着这条街一直走到第二个交通灯那里。

【真题链接】(2013年枣庄卷) —,please. Could you tell me which BRT I can take to get to Zaozhuang Railway Station?

—Take No. 15 bus and transfer (换乘) to No. B1 BRT.

A. Excuse meB. Yes

C. SureD. Hello

【答案解析】A。根据答语可知上一句是问路,应该用礼貌用语“Excuse me, ….?”。

考点9 购物及应答

常用句型:

① Can I help you? / What can I do for you? 你要买什么?

② How many / much … do you want? 你想要多少?

③ What about this one? 这件怎么样?

④ What color / size / kind do you like / want? 你喜欢/想要什么颜色/尺寸/种类的?

⑤ I want to buy … 我想买……

⑥ Ill take it. 我就买它。

⑦ How much does it cost? 多少钱?

⑧ That looks nice / great. 看起来不错。

【真题链接】(2014年江西卷) —Good morning, sir! ?

—Id like to buy a sweater for my daughter.

A. What can I do for you

B. What are you doing

C. How about the sweater

D. Can you help me

【答案解析】A。根据答语“我想给我女儿买一件毛衣”可知,上一句询问的是“买什么”。

考点10 遗憾与同情

常用句型:

① Im so sorry! 很抱歉!

② Its a great pity! 太遗憾了!

③ What a shame / pity! 真遗憾!

④ Thats too bad! 那太糟了!

⑤ Im sorry to hear that. 听到那个消息我很难过。

【真题链接】(2014年重庆A卷) —I have looked for my lovely dog everywhere but I still cant find it.

—.

A. Great

B. Good idea

C. I dont think so

D. Im sorry to hear that

【答案解析】D。根据句意“我到处寻找我可爱的小狗,但是仍然没有找到”可知,应答句应该是表示同情。故选D。

考点11 谈论天气

常用句型:

① Whats the weather like in Beijing? / How is the weather in Beijing? 北京天气怎样?

② Its sunny / cloudy / windy / rainy. 晴天/多云/有风/有雨。

③ What a heavy rain! 好大的雨啊!

【真题链接】(2014年黔西南卷) —Whats the weather like in your hometown?

A. Yes, I like it.

B. Its warm in winter.

C. Why not?

D. Yes, very much.

【答案解析】B。根据问句句意“你家乡的天气如何”可知,此处是询问天气。故选B。

考点12 打电话用语

常用句型:

① Could / May / Can I speak to … please? 请找……接电话好吗?

② Whos that (speaking)? 你是哪一位?

③ This is … speaking. 我是……

④ Could you ask him to call me back? 你能让他给我回电话吗?

⑤ Hold on, please. 请稍等。

⑥ Can I take a message? 我能为你带话吗?

⑦ Im sorry / afraid hes out at the moment now. 对不起,他现在不在。

【真题链接】(2014年昆明卷) —May I speak to Robert?

—.

A. Im RobertB. Speaking, please

C. Its 78345190D. He is Robot

【答案解析】B。上句句意为:请找罗伯特接电话好吗?A、D两项明显不是打电话用语,可以排除;C项与句意不符。故选B。

考点13 喜好与厌恶及其答语

常用句型:

① Do you like …? 你喜欢……?

② She doesnt like / She hates … 她不喜欢……

③ How do you like …? / What do you think of …? 你认为……怎么样?

④ Whats your favorite food? 你最喜爱的食物是什么?

⑤ I love / like … 我喜欢……

⑥ I dont mind … 我不介意……

⑦ I cant stand … 我不能忍受……

【真题链接】(2014年莱芜卷) —What do you think of the house, dear?

— I cant find a better one.

A. Too bad.B. Too expensive.

C. Good idea!D. Pretty good!

【答案解析】D。根据答语中“我不能找到一个更好的了”可知,说话人对这所房子很满意。故选D。

考点14 请求与允许

英语中通常用may,can,could来表达请求或允许。

常用句型:

表示同意请求的应答语:

Yes, you can. / Certainly. / Of course. / Sure. / Yes, do please. / No problem.

注意:上述回答中can不能换成could,因为could在一般疑问句中表示委婉的请求,而在肯定句中,则无此用法。

表示不同意请求的应答语:

No, you mustnt. / No, you cant. / No, youd better not. / Please dont. / Sorry, Im afraid not.

【真题链接】(2014年泰州卷) —Could you carry that heavy box for me?

—. Im strong enough.

A. Not at allB. No problem

C. Good ideaD. Never mind

【答案解析】B。上一句意为:你能帮我搬那个沉重的箱子吗?根据答语中“我足够强壮”可知,空格处表示“没问题”。

巩固练习:

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.—Lets go out and play football.

—.

A. Its very kind of you

B. It doesnt matter

C. Thats a good idea

D. Youre welcome

2.—Thank you for helping me do the chores.

—. Lets go out to get some freshair.

A. Never mind

B. My pleasure

C. Thats right

D. Its very kind of you

3.—I think Jim will get good grades this term.

—. He studies harder than before.

A. I agree

B. I disagree

C. Its my pleasureD. No way

4.—Would you like to explore the Mount Huang with me?

— I guess it must be interesting.

A. Go ahead.B. Of course not.

C. You bet!D. What a shame!

5.—Look at the sign, sir. Smoking is not allowed here!

—.

A. Never mind

B. Im sorry

C. Dont mention it

D. Sure, I dont smoke

6.—Im going to Hong Kong for vacation.

— Have a good time!

A. Never mind.

B. That sounds interesting!

C. Youre wonderful!

D. Hong Kong is far.

7.—Im very nervous because I am going to attend a job interview.

—. Im sure you can do well.

A. Never mind

B. Thats all right

C. Take it easy

D. Im sorry but I have to

8. —It seems that it will rain. Take my umbrella.

—. I have a raincoat in my bag.

A. Id love toB. Sorry

C. Thanks anywayD. No problem

9.—Hello! May I speak to Kate?

—. Shes out with her friends.

A. SorryB. OK

C. SpeakingD. Hold on, please

10.—Mr. Li is ill in hospital. His daughter is looking after him.

—.

A. Im sorry to hear that

B. Not at all

C. Im afraid

D. It doesnt matter

11.—I missed the basketball game between China and Japan yesterday.

—Really? It was great.

A. What a pity!

B. Dont mention it.

C. Im glad to hear that.

D. Dont say that.

12.—Mr. Wang, we have finished planting all the trees.

A. Never mind.B. Thats too bad.

C. Dont mention it.D. Well done!

13.—The radio says it will rain next Sunday.

—. Were going for a picnic thatday.

A. I hope it willB. I hope not

C. I dont think soD. Im afraid not

14.—Excuse me. ?

—It is over there, near the bus stop.

A. How do you like the cinema

B. May I ask you the way

C. Where is the Bank of China

D. How far is the market from here

15.—Excuse me. Im afraid I got lost. Can you show me the way to the railway station?

—. Let me lead you the way.

A. Thats too bad

B. Dont mind

C. But Im new here

D. Im walking that way

16.—Would you mind opening the window?

—. Ill do it right away.

A. Of courseB. Youre welcome

C. Certainly notD. Youre kidding

17.—I will take an important test tomorrow.

—Oh, really? !

A. Good luckB. Congratulations

C. Well doneD. What a pity

18.—Linda, you look unhappy. ?

—My best friend wears the same clothes as I do.

A. What should I do

B. Whats wrong

C. How is it going

D. How long have you been like this

19.—Peter bought a new car last month.

—. I dont believe he can afford a car.

A. Youre welcome

B. Sorry to hear that

C. Good idea

D. Youre kidding

20.—Can you work out this math problem?

—Yes. .

A. Keep calm

B. Its a piece of cake

C. Well done

D. Its too hard

Key:

1~5 CBACB 6~10 BCCAA

11~15 ADBCD 16~20 CABDB

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