GUIDE FOR AUTHORS

INTRODUCTION

Typesofpaper

Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:

Original research papers;review articles;rapid communications;short communications;viewpoints;letters to the Editor;book reviews.

1.Research papers-original full-length research papers which have not been published previously,except in a preliminary form,and should not exceed 7,500 words (including allowance for no more than 6 tables and illustrations).

2.Review articles-will be accepted in areas of topical interest,will normally focus on literature published over the previous five years,and should not exceed 10,000 words (including allowance for no more than 6 tables and illustrations).

3.Rapid communications-an original research paper reporting a major scientific result or finding with significant implications for the research community,designated by the Editor.

4.Short communications-Short communications of up to 3000 words,describing work that may be of a preliminary nature but which merits immediate publication.

5.Viewpoints-Authors may submit viewpoints of about 1200 words on any subject covered by the Aims and Scope.

6.Letters to the Editor-Letters are published from time to time on matters of topical interest.

7.Book reviews

Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

EthicsinPublishing

For information on Ethics in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.

Conflictofinterest

All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial,personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence,or be perceived to influence,their work.See also http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.

Submissiondeclaration

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis),that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out,and that,if accepted,it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form,in English or in any other language,without the written consent of the copyright-holder.

Changestoauthorship

This policy concerns the addition,deletion,or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts:

Beforetheacceptedmanuscriptispublishedinanonlineissue:Requests to add or remove an author,or to rearrange the author names,must be sent to the Journal Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include:(a) the reason the name should be added or removed,or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail,fax,letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition,removal or rearrangement.In the case of addition or removal of authors,this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author,who must follow the procedure as described above.Note that:(1) Journal Managers will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2) publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.

Aftertheacceptedmanuscriptispublishedinanonlineissue:Any requests to add,delete,or rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue will follow the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.

Copyright

Permission of the Society is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works,including compilations and translations (please consult foodsci@126.com).If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included,the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article..

Roleofthefundingsource

You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s),if any,in study design;in the collection,analysis and interpretation of data;in the writing of the report;and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.Please see http://www.elsevier.com/funding.

Languageandlanguageservices

Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted,but not a mixture of these).Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre-and post-submission please visit http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageediting or our customer support site at http://support.elsevier.com for more information.

Submission

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online.Use the following guidelines to prepare your article.Via the homepage of this journal(http://ees.elsevier.com/fshw) you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files.The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article,which is used in the peer-review process.Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process,these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance.All correspondence,including notification of the Editor’s decision and requests for revision,takes place by e-mail and via the author’s homepage,removing the need for a hardcopy paper trail.If you are unable to provide an electronic version,please contact the editorial office prior to submission (E-mail:foodsci@126.com;Tel.(86)10-83155446-8061;Fax:(86)10-83155436).

AdditionalInformation

Tables and figures may be presented with captions within the main body of the manuscript;if so,figures should additionally be uploaded as high resolution files.

PREPARATION

Useofwordprocessingsoftware

It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used.The text should be in single-column format.Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible.Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article.In particular,do not use the wordprocessor’s options to justify text or to hyphenate words.However,do use bold face,italics,subscripts,superscripts etc.When preparing tables,if you are using a table grid,use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row.If no grid is used,use tabs,not spaces,to align columns.The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication).Note that source files of figures,tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text.See also the section on Electronic illustrations.

To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the “spell-check”and “grammar-check” functions of your wordprocessor.

LaTeX

If the LaTeX file is suitable,proofs will be produced without rekeying the text.The article should preferably be written using Elsevier’s document class“elsarticle”,or alternatively any of the other recognized classes and formats supported in Elsevier’s electronic submissions system,for further information see http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorsview.authors/latex-ees-supported.The Elsevier “elsarticle” LaTeX style file package (including detailed instructions for LaTeX preparation) can be obtained from the Quickguide:http://www.elsevier.com/latex.It consists of the file:elsarticle.cls,complete user documentation for the class file,bibliographic style files in various styles,and template files for a quick start.

Articlestructure

Subdivision-numberedsections

Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections.Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1,1.1.2,...),1.2,etc.(the abstract is not included in section numbering).Use this numbering also for internal crossreferencing:do not just refer to “the text”.Any subsection may be given a brief heading.Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Introduction

State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background,avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Materialandmethods

Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced.Methods already published should be indicated by a reference:only relevant modifications should be described.

Theory/calculation

A Theory section should extend,not repeat,the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work.In contrast,a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.

Results

Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion

This should explore the significance of the results of the work,not repeat them.A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate.Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Conclusions

The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section,which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

Appendices

If there is more than one appendix,they should be identified as A,B,etc.Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering:Eq.(A.1),Eq.(A.2),etc.;in a subsequent appendix,Eq.(B.1) and so on.Similarly for tables and figures:Table A.1;Fig.A.1,etc.

Essentialtitlepageinformation

•Title.Concise and informative.Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems.Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.

•Authornamesandaffiliations.Where the family name may be ambiguous(e.g.,a double name),please indicate this clearly.Present the authors’affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names.Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address.Provide the full postal address of each affiliation,including the country name,and,if available,the e-mail address of each author.

•Correspondingauthor.Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication,also post-publication.Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.

•Present/permanentaddress.If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done,or was visiting at the time,a “Present address” (or“Permanent address”) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name.The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main,affiliation address.Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract

A concise and factual abstract is required.The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research,the principal results and major conclusions.An abstract is often presented separately from the article,so it must be able to stand alone.For this reason,References should be avoided,but if essential,then cite the author(s) and year(s).Also,non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided,but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

Keywords

Authors are invited to submit keywords associated with their paper.

Abbreviations

Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article.Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there,as well as in the footnote.Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Acknowledgements

Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not,therefore,include them on the title page,as a footnote to the title or otherwise.List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g.,providing language help,writing assistance or proof reading the article,etc.).

Nomenclatureandunits

Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions:use the international system of units (SI).If other quantities are mentioned,give their equivalent in SI.Authors wishing to present a table of nomenclature should do so on the second page of their manuscript.

Mathformulae

Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms,e.g.,X/Y.In principle,variables are to be presented in italics.Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).

Footnotes

Footnotes should be used sparingly.Number them consecutively throughout the article,using superscript Arabic numbers.Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text,and this feature may be used.Should this not be the case,indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article.Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.Tablefootnotes

Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.

ARTWORK

Electronicartwork

Generalpoints

• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.

• Save text in illustrations as “graphics” or enclose the font.

• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations:Arial,Courier,Times,Symbol.

• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.

• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.

• Provide captions to illustrations separately.

• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.

• Submit each figure as a separate file.

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions

You are urged to visit this site;some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.

Formats

Regardless of the application used,when your electronic artwork is finalised,please “save as” or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings,halftones,and line/halftone combinations given below):

EPS:Vector drawings.Embed the font or save the text as “graphics”.

TIFF:color or grayscale photographs (halftones):always use a minimum of 300 dpi.

TIFF:Bitmapped line drawings:use a minimum of 1000 dpi.

TIFF:Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale):a minimum of 500 dpi is required.

If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word,Power Point,Excel) then please supply “as is”.

Pleasedonot:

• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF,BMP,PICT,WPG);the resolution is too low;

• Supply files that are too low in resolution;

• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Colorartwork

Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF,EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution.If,together with your accepted article,you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure,at no additional charge,that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g.,Science Direct and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.

Figurecaptions

Ensure that each illustration has a caption.Supply captions separately,not attached to the figure.A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration.Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Tables

Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text.Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters.Avoid vertical rules.Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.