徐金武
·论著·
老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者血钠、B 型钠尿肽和尿酸水平变化及其与心功能的关系研究
徐金武
目的探讨老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者血钠(Na)、B型钠尿肽(BNP)和尿酸(UA)水平变化及其与心功能的关系。方法选取2011—2013年重庆市永荣矿业有限公司总医院收治的老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者60例作为疾病组,选择同期老年心力衰竭稳定期患者60例作为疾病对照组,另选择同期门诊体检健康者70例作为对照组。比较3组受试者血Na、BNP、UA水平,比较疾病组不同心功能分级患者血Na、BNP、UA水平变化,分析其与心功能分级的相关性。结果疾病组患者血BNP、UA水平高于疾病对照组,血Na水平低于疾病对照组(P<0.05);疾病对照组患者血BNP、UA水平高于对照组,血Na水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。疾病组患者中心功能分级Ⅳ级者血BNP、UA水平高于Ⅲ级者和Ⅱ级者,Ⅲ级者高于Ⅱ级者(P<0.05);Ⅳ级者血Na水平低于Ⅲ级者和Ⅱ级者,Ⅲ级者低于Ⅱ级者(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者血Na水平与心功能分级呈负相关(r=-0.602,P=0.006),血BNP水平与心功能分级呈正相关(r=0.551,P=0.012),血UA水平与心功能分级呈正相关(r=0.498,P=0.021)。结论老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者血BNP、UA水平升高,血Na水平降低,且血Na、BNP、UA水平与患者心功能分级相关。
心力衰竭;老年人;钠;利钠肽,脑;尿酸;心功能
徐金武.老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者血钠、B型钠尿肽和尿酸水平变化及其与心功能的关系研究[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2015,23(3):6-8.[www.syxnf.net]
Xu JW.Changes of serum levels of sodium,BNP and uric acid in aged patients with acute exacerbation of heart failure and their correlations with cardiac function[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2015,23 (3):6-8.
心力衰竭为心脏器质性病变引起的临床综合征,近年来随着我国人口老龄化进程加剧,其发病率呈上升趋势,因此尽早诊治心力衰竭具有重要的临床意义[1]。钠(Na)在心脏活动中具有重要作用;B型钠尿肽(BNP)为心室合成的一种重要神经激素;尿酸(UA)为人体代谢产物,在心力衰竭中呈异常表达[2]。研究显示,血Na、BNP及UA与心血管疾病的发生发展相关[3-6]。为此,本研究探讨了老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者血Na、BNP及UA水平变化及其与心功能的关系,现报道如下。
1.1 纳入和排除标准
1.1.1 纳入标准[5](1)符合心力衰竭的诊断标准; (2)年龄≤85岁;(3)无恶性肿瘤、严重肝肾功能不全及自身免疫性疾病;(4)近3个月内未接受抗炎、激素、免疫抑制剂治疗;(5)心功能分级Ⅱ~Ⅳ级;(6)依从性佳;(7)知情同意。
1.1.2 排除标准[5](1)慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管哮喘、2型糖尿病、炎性疾病及代谢性疾病者;(2)急、慢性感染者;(3)严重营养不良者;(4)有其他严重精神疾病者;(5)有酒精、药物滥用史者;(6)不配合接受实验室检查者;(7)未完成随访者。
1.2 一般资料选取2011—2013年重庆市永荣矿业有限公司总医院收治的老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者60例作为疾病组,其中男32例,女28例;年龄61~85岁,平均(65±4)岁;纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级:Ⅱ级24例,Ⅲ级20例,Ⅳ级16例。选择同期老年心力衰竭稳定期患者60例作为疾病对照组,其中男28例,女32例;年龄62~85岁,平均(64 ±3)岁;另选择同期门诊体检健康者70例作为对照组,其中男34例,女36例;年龄63~85岁,平均(67±6)岁。3组受试者年龄、性别间具有均衡性,均知情同意并签署知情同意书。
1.3 研究方法
1.3.1 标本采集于清晨空腹状态下抽取受试者外周静脉血5 ml,3 500 r/min离心10 min,取上清液-80℃保存待测。
1.3.2 标本检测采用全自动生化分析仪检测受试者血Na和UA水平,采用荧光免疫法床旁检测仪(Triage,Biosite)检测受试者血BNP水平;试剂盒购自上海华大科技有限公司,严格按照说明书进行操作[5]。
1.4 观察指标比较3组受试者血Na、BNP、UA水平,比较疾病组不同心功能分级患者血Na、BNP、UA水平及其与心功能分级的相关性。
1.5 统计学方法使用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行数据处理,计量资料以(±s)表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用SNK-q检验;相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1 3组受试者血Na、BNP及UA水平比较3组受试者血Na、BNP及UA水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疾病组患者血BNP、UA水平高于疾病对照组,血Na水平低于疾病对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);疾病对照组患者血BNP、UA水平高于对照组,血Na水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,见表1)。
表1 3组受试者血Na、BNP及UA水平比较(±s)Table 1 Comparison of blood Na,BNP and UA levels among 3 groups
表1 3组受试者血Na、BNP及UA水平比较(±s)Table 1 Comparison of blood Na,BNP and UA levels among 3 groups
注:Na=钠,BNP=B型钠尿肽,UA=尿酸;与对照组比较,△P<0.05;与疾病对照组比较,*P<0.05
组别例数Na(mmol/L)BNP(ng/L)UA(μmol/L)对照组70137.49±17.96182.78±19.35212.78±19.35疾病对照组60129.26±16.02△576.12±15.29△280.23±25.28△疾病组60122.82±12.81△*935.72±20.31△*529.28±27.16△*F 值8.27819.52926.952 P值0.0000.0000.000
2.2 疾病组不同心功能分级患者血Na、BNP及UA水平疾病组不同心功能分级患者血Na、BNP及UA水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疾病组患者中心功能分级Ⅳ级者血BNP、UA水平高于Ⅲ级者和Ⅱ级者,Ⅲ级者高于Ⅱ级者(P<0.05);心功能分级Ⅳ级者血Na水平低于Ⅲ级者和Ⅱ级者,Ⅲ级者低于Ⅱ级者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表2)。
表2 疾病组不同心功能分级患者血Na、BNP、UA水平比较(±s)Table 2 Comparison of blood Na,BNP and UA levels in patients with different heart function classifications in disease group
表2 疾病组不同心功能分级患者血Na、BNP、UA水平比较(±s)Table 2 Comparison of blood Na,BNP and UA levels in patients with different heart function classifications in disease group
注:与Ⅱ级比较,*P<0.01;与Ⅲ级比较,△P<0.01
心功能分级例数Na(mmol/L)BNP(ng/L)UA(μmol/L)Ⅱ级24131.72±15.29195.69±12.93321.36±25.28Ⅲ级20120.76±11.92*552.27±15.61*541.28±27.16*Ⅳ级16110.51±10.78*△976.56±20.32*△608.37±29.51*△F 值16.07238.97727.533 P值0.0000.0000.000
2.3 相关性分析Pearson相关分析结果显示,老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者血Na水平与心功能分级呈负相关(r=-0.602,P=0.006),血BNP水平与心功能分级呈正相关(r=0.551,P=0.012),血UA水平与心
功能分级呈正相关(r=0.498,P=0.021)。
电解质水平、神经激素、机体代谢产物与心力衰竭的发生和发展密切相关[7],且在心力衰竭的进展过程中起重要作用[8-12]。Na+为人体电解质的主要成分之一,其在心脏活动中具有重要作用;BNP为目前研究较多的神经内分泌激素,研究显示,BNP与心力衰竭的发生发展密切相关[13];UA为机体代谢产物,其在心力衰竭中呈异常表达。Yoshihiko等[5]研究发现,心力衰竭患者血清BNP水平高于健康人群。本研究结果显示,疾病组和疾病对照组患者血Na水平低于对照组,而血BNP、UA水平高于对照组,表明血Na、BNP、UA水平与心力衰竭的发生发展有关。
Antonopoulos等[6]研究发现,不同病情严重程度心力衰竭患者体内生化指标水平存在差异。本研究检测不同心功能分级的老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者的血Na、BNP、UA水平发现,随着患者心功能分级增加,血BNP、UA水平升高,血Na水平降低;且Pearson相关分析结果显示,血Na水平与心功能分级呈负相关,血BNP和UA水平与心功能分级呈正相关。提示血Na、BNP及UA水平与老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者的病情进展有关,与Kaniahi等[9]研究结果一致。究其原因,一方面可能是心力衰竭急性发作期患者血液循环量下降,同时机体盐摄入量减少,血Na水平降低导致肾素释放、肾素-血管紧张素(RAS)系统被激活,Na+重吸收增强而引起体液潴留。另一方面,心力衰竭急性发作期患者心室充盈压升高,神经激素过度激活,机体清除BNP的频次提高、受体下调结合力减弱,使排钠利尿等作用变弱,从而导致水钠潴留加重[14-15]。因此,建议对老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者血Na、BNP、UA水平进行检测,以评估心力衰竭患者心功能损伤程度。目前,临床上有关血Na、BNP、UA水平与心力衰竭发病及病情关系的研究较少,因此本研究具有一定的创新性。
综上所述,老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者血BNP和UA水平升高、血Na水平降低,且血Na、BNP、UA水平与患者心功能分级具有相关性,因此血Na、BNP、UA水平可以用于评估老年心力衰竭急性发作期患者心功能的损伤程度。
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Changes of Serum Levels of Sodium,BNP and Uric Acid in Aged Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Heart Failure and Their Correlations with Cardiac Function
XU Jin-wu.
General Hospital of Yongrong Mining Limited Company of Chongqing,Chongqing 402460,China
ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of serum levels of sodium,BNP and uric acid in aged patients with acute exacerbation of heart failure and their correlations with cardiac function.MethodsFrom 2011 to 2013 in the General Hospital of Yongrong Mining Limited Company of Chongqing,60 aged patients with acute exacerbation of heart failure were selected as A group,60 aged patients with stable heart failure were selected as B group,70 aged healthy cases were selected as C group.Serum levels of sodium,BNP and uric acid were detected and compared,and their correlations with cardiac function were analyzed.ResultsSerum levels of BNP and uric acid of A group were higher than those of B group,while serum sodium level was lower than that of B group(P<0.05);serum levels of BNP and uric acid of B group were higher than those of C group,while serum sodium level was lower than that of C group(P<0.05).In A group,serum levels of BNP and uric acid of patients withⅣ-stage cardiac function were higher than patients withⅢ-andⅡ-stage cardiac function,and those of patients withⅢ-stage cardiac function were higher than patients withⅡ-stage cardiac function(P<0.05);serum sodium level of patients withⅣ-stage cardiac function was lower than patients withⅢ-andⅡ-stage cardiac function,and that of patients withⅢ-stage cardiac function was lower than patients withⅡ-stage cardiac function(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that,serum sodium level was negatively correlated with cardiac function of aged patients with acute exacerbation of heart failure(r=-0.602,P=0.006),while serum BNP level(r=0.551,P=0.012)and serum uric acid level(r=0.551,P =0.012)was positively correlated with cardiac function,respectively.ConclusionSerum levels of BNP and uric acid of aged patients with acute exacerbation of heart failure are high,while the serum sodium level is low,but all of them are correlated with the cardiac function.
Heart failure;Aged;Sodium;Natriuretic peptide,brain;Uric acid;Heart funcion
R 541.6
A
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2015.03.002
2014-11-13;
2015-03-12)
(本文编辑:谢武英)
402460重庆市永荣矿业有限公司总医院