浙江省苔藓植物分布新记录
洪春桃1, 缪丽华2, 季梦成1*
(1.浙江农林大学,浙江 临安311300;2.中国湿地博物馆,杭州310013)
摘要运用经典分类方法检视近期所采浙江苔藓植物标本,发现并报道产自西溪国家湿地公园和温州市平阳县的藓类植物新记录1种——树生赤藓(Syntrichia laevipila Brid.),并就其分布与生境特点进行了讨论。采纳该种仍保留在丛藓科(Pottiaceae)赤藓属(Syntrichia Brid.)而非墙藓属(Tortula Hedw.)的分类学观点。树生赤藓与浙江常见种高山赤藓[Syntrichia sinensis (C. Müll.) Ochyra]在叶形、叶细胞形状、疣的数量和形状等方面具有相似特征,但前者植物体细小,高2~3 mm,叶先端具无色透明毛尖,齿片向左1~2回旋扭,可资区别。树生赤藓的发现补充了浙江苔藓植物区系的内容,亦为中国赤藓属地理分布研究积累了基础资料。
关键词树生赤藓; 新记录; 浙江省
中图分类号Q 949文献标志码A
基金项目:湖北省重大科技专项计划(2013ABC002)。
收稿日期(Received):2014-10-09;接受日期(Accepted):2015-01-30;网络出版日期(Published online):2015-05-19
SyntrichialaevipilaBrid.: A new record species of bryophytes from Zhejiang Province. Journal of ZhejiangUniversity(Agric. & LifeSci.), 2015,41(3):320-322
Hong Chuntao1, Miao Lihua2, Ji Mengcheng1*(1.ZhejiangA&FUniversity,Lin’an311300,Zhejiang,China; 2.NationalWetlandsMuseumofChina,Hangzhou310013,China)
SummaryBased on specimen examination adopting classical classification method,SyntrichialaevipilaBrid. was found and reported for the first time in Zhejiang Province. It distributed both in Xixi Wetland National Park of Hangzhou City and Pingyang County of Wenzhou. The characteristics of distribution and habitat were discussed.
In the present paperS.laevipila. was accepted as a species of the genusSyntrichiaBrid. rather than the genusTortulaHedw. of family Pottiaceae.SyntrichialaevipilaBrid. was morphologically close toS.sinensis(C. Müll.) Ochyra, a widely-distributed species in Zhejiang Province. Both species were similar in their leaf shape, leaf cell shape and papillosity. However, fromS.sinensis(C. Müll.) Ochyra,S.laevipilaBrid. could be especially identified by its small size (2-3 mm), colorless spindly leaf apex and 1-2 circle left-handed dentiums.
The discovery of the new record ofS.laevipilaBrid. enriched the bryophyte flora of Zhejiang Province, and also provided fundamental materials to further study geographical distribution of genusSyntrichiaBrid. in China.
Key wordsSyntrichialaevipilaBrid.; new record; Zhejiang Province
浙江省苔藓植物区系资料相对齐全,这得益于华东师范大学、上海师范大学、上海自然博物馆等多个苔藓植物研究团队对浙江省苔藓植物的长期研究,积累了较丰富的基础资料[1-5]。近年来,关于浙江省苔藓植物区系、种类报道亦有增加[6-11]。
2012年6月,中国湿地博物馆立项开展西溪湿地苔藓植物资源调查,迄今已完成对该区苔藓植物调查采集及标本鉴定工作。查阅相关资料[6,12-14]并核对此前在浙江省温州市平阳县所采标本,发现分布浙江省不同地区的藓类植物新纪录1种,即:树生赤藓(SyntrichialaevipilaBrid.)。
树生赤藓隶属于苔藓植物门藓纲丛藓目丛藓科(Pottiaceae)赤藓属(SyntrichiaBrid.),该属1801年由Bridel建立,1993年Zander报道全球赤藓属植物共82种[15]。最新资料显示,中国产赤藓属植物有12种1变种[14],12种[16]或11种[17],多分布在西藏、四川、云南、新疆、宁夏、青海、甘肃、陕西和内蒙古等省或自治区。2013年,艾尼瓦尔江等[18]开展了新疆赤藓属分类学研究,报道新疆赤藓属植物11种(含1变种)。其他省区的赤藓属专属研究未见报道。
浙江省赤藓属种的分布记录始见于2007年,刘艳等[8]根据1份采自杭州柳浪闻莺公园柳树树干的标本(刘艳0507386!),确定了高山赤藓[Syntrichiasinensis(C.Müll.) Ochyra]在浙江省的分布。目前已知浙江赤藓属植物2种——高山赤藓和树生赤藓,现就后者报道如下。文中引证标本分别保存于浙江农林大学苔藓植物标本室和中国湿地博物馆植物标本室。
树生赤藓(丛藓科Pottiaceae)
SyntrichialaevipilaBrid., Muscol. Recent. Suppl.4:98.1819[1818]. Type: Italy, Circa Romam and Napolin, 1830, Collected and number unknow (lectotype: B!)
Tortulalaevipila(Brid.) Schwägr., Sp. Musc. Frond., Suppl.2,1:66.1823.内蒙古苔藓植物志:224.图版66:7-11,1997.
TortulapagorumMild., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 20:459.1862.
Tortulapagorum(Mild.) De Not., Atti Reale. Univ. Genova 1:542. 1869.
Syntrichiapagorum(Mild.) J. J. Amann, Fl. Mouss. Suisse 2:117. 1918.
植物体细小,密集丛生,呈暗绿色或棕黄色。茎直立单一,2~3 mm。叶舌形至阔舌形,叶先端圆钝或微凹,毛尖细长,约1.5 mm,平滑透明。叶缘平展或中下部略背卷。中肋细长,突出形成毛尖。叶中上部细胞圆方形,薄壁,10~15 μm,具4~6个马蹄形短疣;叶中部细胞近方形,薄壁,15~18 μm,具稀疏马蹄形疣;基部细胞长方形,长35~45 μm、宽15~20 μm,平滑,无色透明。蒴柄直立,长3~4 mm,红棕色;孢蒴圆柱形,略弯曲,长1~1.5 mm、宽0.5~0.8 mm;蒴帽兜形;蒴齿具基膜,齿片线形,长70~80 μm,密被细疣,向左1~2回旋扭。孢子球形,黄绿色,平滑,直径15~20 μm。
标本:浙江杭州,西溪国家湿地公园商业街附近,海拔2 m,旧房墙根,砖缝,26.Ⅳ.2014,季梦成、缪丽华,1415.浙江省温州市平阳县水塔村居民门前,海拔15 m,120°33′9.50″E,27°39′43.67″N,墙根,10.Ⅶ.2013.洪春桃,14869,14906。
分布:内蒙古[19-20]、青海[21]、宁夏[21]、新疆[18,22]。蒙古、中亚、西亚、欧洲、南美洲、北美洲、非洲北部[14]。
该种与高山赤藓、芽孢赤藓[Syntrichiapagorum(Mild.) De Not.]相似。树生赤藓植物体细小,高2~3 mm,叶先端具无色透明毛尖,齿片向左1~2回旋扭,而高山赤藓植物体粗大,高10~15 mm,叶先端具红棕色毛尖,齿片向左3~4回旋扭。后者在中国分布广泛,浙江省仅见于杭州西湖柳浪闻莺公园。此外,树生赤藓与芽孢赤藓的区别在于芽孢的有无及叶上部细胞马蹄形疣的数目。树生赤藓和其近缘种的区别如下。
分种检索表
1.植物体顶端聚生多数芽孢;孢子体罕见.............芽孢赤藓Spagorum
1.植物体常不生芽孢,孢子体常见.............2
2.植物体细小,高2~3 mm,叶先端具无色透明毛尖,齿片向左1~2回旋扭.............树生赤藓Slaevipila
2.植物体粗大,高10~15 mm,叶先端具红棕色毛尖,齿片向左3~4回旋扭高山赤藓S..............sinensis
树生赤藓在中国主要分布西北高海拔地区,且多生于冷杉(Abiesfabri)、云杉(Piceaasperrata)及榆科(Ulmaceae)植物树基或树干上。该种在浙江省则具有“随人植物”特点,多见于低海拔居民区旧房墙根的砖缝、石缝中。浙江省高海拔地区或者树干基部是否有该种生长,有待调查。
致谢承蒙内蒙古大学白学良教授复核标本及提供部分资料,谨致谢意。
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*通信作者(Corresponding author):屠幼英,E-mail:youytu@zju.edu.cn
第一作者联系方式:徐元骏,E-mail:zju_xyuanjun@163.com
URL:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/33.1247.s.20150519.1341.011.html