打顶前后烤烟叶片microRNAs表达差异的研究

2014-11-27 03:11杨惠娟王景王红丽危月辉史宏志
中国烟草学报 2014年5期
关键词:烤烟烟草测序

杨惠娟,王景,王红丽,危月辉,史宏志

河南农业大学烟草学院 国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地 烟草行业栽培重点实验室 ,郑州 450002

打顶前后烤烟叶片microRNAs表达差异的研究

杨惠娟,王景,王红丽,危月辉,史宏志

河南农业大学烟草学院 国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地 烟草行业栽培重点实验室 ,郑州 450002

为研究打顶前后烤烟叶片中差异表达的microRNAs(miRNAs),利用Solexa测序技术对打顶前后烟草叶片的小RNA文库进行测定,分别得到4,223,982和4,993,588条unique sRNA序列读数。打顶前后叶片样品中分别有347条与337条序列与库中miRNA匹配,其中注释序列分别为83和71条。在打顶前后叶片样品中表达具有显著差异的miRNA有7条,在打顶后叶片中高表达的miRNA有miR-157和miR-156;在打顶后叶片中低表达的miRNA有miR-395,miR-159c,miR-159a,miR-394和 miR-399。实验还鉴定出3条新的miRNA序列,其中Nta-miRNA*-001和Nta-miRNA*-002存在打顶前叶片样品中,Nta-miRNA*-003存在打顶后叶片中。打顶前后烤烟叶片主要miRNA 的表达差异反应了打顶对烤烟叶片的生长及抗逆等应激过程的调节作用。

烤烟 ;叶片;打顶;miRNA

microRNAs(微小RNAs,miRNAs) 作为基因表达中的一类负调控子,主要在转录后水平上通过介导目标mRNA 的切割或抑制翻译来调节植物基因的表达 [1]。

植物 miRNA 介导的调控主要取决于植物 miRNA与其靶 mRNA 的序列互补的程度[2-3]。通常情况下,miRNA 与靶 mRNA 完全互/补或接近完全互补时,则会切割 mRNA; miRNA 与靶 mRNA 不完全互补时,则抑制它的翻译[4]。而植物 miRNA 介导的主要作用方式是对靶 mRNA 的剪切[5]。切割后,miRNA 会继续识别并切割其他靶基因。

一个miRNA可作用于多个mRNA,如miR159可同时调控TCP2、CP3、TCP4、CP10、TCP24和GAMYB等靶基因的表达,而一个mRNA也可能受到多个不同miRNA的调节,如SCL6同时受到miR30、miR46和miR58等的调节[6]。miRNA在植物体中的表达水平受到外界环境、激素、发育进程等多种因素的影响[7]。miRNA在植物根分化、叶片发育、茎尖形成、开花与性别分化等过程中均有重要作用[8-14]。

烤烟是重要的经济作物之一。为了获得较好的烟叶产量和质量,生产上通常在生长后期对烤烟进行打顶。通过摘除烟株顶端的花序及包括顶部的几片幼叶,控制和去除烟草的顶端生长优势,将烟株的生长中心及时调整到打顶后保留下的烟草叶片生长发育上来。打顶对烟草叶片的生长发育及优良品质的形成有重要影响。本研究旨在探究打顶前后烤烟叶片中差异表达的miRNA,以期了解miRNA与打顶前后叶片的生长状态之间的联系,为研究烤烟打顶对叶片生长的分子调节过程提供研究线索。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验材料

烟草品种为K326,试验地设在河南省平顶山市郏县。试验田依当地常规栽培方法管理。取移栽后60天(打顶前)和移栽后70天(打顶后10天)烟株第12叶位的叶片。叶片样品于液氮冷冻并放入-80℃冰箱保存。

1.2 小RNA文库构建和序列测定

总RNA提取应用TRIZOL试剂(Invitrogen,USA),按照说明书提取打顶前后叶片样品总RNA。再通过15%的聚丙烯酰胺变性凝胶电泳分离,回收18~30个核苷酸的片段,采用SuperScriptTMⅡ(Invitrogen,USA)进行反转录,之后分别将5’以及3’测序接头引物连接于反转录后的cDNA序列两端,PCR扩增产物进行Solexa测序(北京华大基因,深圳,广东,中国)。Solexa测序所得35nt序列,经去接头、去低质量、去污染等过程完成数据处理得到干净序列,对其进行序列长度分布的统计及样品间公共序列统计。并分类注释,获得样品中包含的各组分及表达量信息。

1.3 差异表达miRNA的鉴定和新miRNA的预测

将获得的sRNA序列在miRNA数据库(miRBase15.0,http://www.mirbase.org/)中拟南芥库进行比对,筛选样品中的已知miRNA,以错配碱基数目小于2为标准,确定烟草叶片中的保守miRNA。表达量在样品间差异表达大于2倍以上或小于0.5倍以下同时p小于0.01的miRNA确定为差异表达(上调/下调)。使用华大研发的软件Mireap预测新的miRNA,绘制其miRNA二级结构图。

2 结果

2.1 序列测定结果

利用Solexa测序技术对打顶前后烟草叶片的小RNA文库进行测序,分别获得19,186,129和18,798,348条原始序列,经接头序列及低质量序列处理,分别获得12,269,227和11,845,980条干净序列,再经冗余序列去除,最终分别得到4,223,982和4,993,588条Unique sRNA序列读数,分别占总序列读数的22.02%和26.56%(表1)。经miRNA数据库检索,打顶前叶片样品中共有347条序列与库中miRNA匹配,其中83条序列为注释miRNA,82条为前体miRNA序列;打顶后的叶片样品中共有337条匹配序列,注释miRNA序列为71条,前体miRNA序列为78条(表1)。

表1 打顶前后叶片中的sRNA 检测及miRNAs 的鉴定Tab.1 Identification of sRNA and miRNAs in tobacco leaves before and after topping

2.2 差异表达miRNA的筛选和鉴定

打顶前后叶片样品中miRNA的表达量如图1所示,与打顶前叶片相比,打顶后叶片样品中miRNA的表达量差异表达大于2倍以上(即在打顶后叶片中上调)的miRNA有2条,分别是mir-157和miR-156;表达量小于0.5倍以下(即在打顶后叶片中下调)的 miRNA 有 5条,分 别 是 miR-395,miR-159c,miR-159a,miR-394 和 miR-399 (表2)。

图1 打顶前后叶片miRNAs 的表达水平Fig.1 Expression level of miRNAs in tobacco leaves before and after topping

2.3 新miRNA的预测

分析未匹配序列,由打顶前叶片样品中鉴定出2条新的miRNA序列,命名为Nta-miRNA*-001 and Nta-miRNA*-002,由打顶后叶片中鉴定出1条miRNA序列,命名为Nta-miRNA*-003。预测新miRNA前体序列及其颈环结构如图2和图3所示,红色框入序列为成熟miRNA序列区域。

3 讨论

本实验比较了打顶前后烟草叶片中miRNA表达谱,筛选出在两时期叶片中差异表达的7个miRNA(表2)。打顶后叶片中上调miRNA为mir-157和miR-156,下调的 miRNA 为 miR-395,miR-159c,miR-159a,miR-394 和 miR-399。

根据靶基因功能不同,目前研究报道的miRNA及其靶基因主要可分调控植物miRNA代谢类[15-16];调控植物形态、发育类[10,16-20];调控植物抵抗逆境胁迫类[15-16,18,21-22];目前功能还不明确类[15-16,18,20]。在我们研究结果中,miR-156、miR-157和miR-159属于调控植物形态发育类,miR-395和miR-399属于植物抗逆调控类,miR-394的功能目前尚不明确。miR156/157与miR159是高度保守的家族,miR394是中度保守的家族,而miR395与miR399是低度保守的家族。通常在植物中鉴定的miRNA从miR156到miR408大部分是相当保守和古老的,在植物发育及胁迫响应等方面起着非常关键的作用[23-27]。

表2 打顶前后叶片中(打顶后/打顶前)差异表达的miRNAsTab.2 Expression differences of miRNAs in tobacco leaves before and after topping

图2 打顶前叶片中新miRNA(Nta-miRNA*-001 和 Nta-miRNA*-002)预测序列(A)及其前体预测结构图(B)Tab.2 Diagram of predicted sequence(A)and precursor prediction(B)of miRNA(Nta-miRNA*-001 和 Nta-miRNA*-002)in tobacco leaves before topping

图3 打顶后叶片中新miRNA(Nta-miRNA*-003)预测序列(A)及其前体预测结构图Tab.3 Diagram of predicted sequence(A)and precursor prediction(B)of miRNA(Nta-miRNA*-003)in tobacco leaves after topping

实验结果发现打顶后叶片中mir-156和mir-157的表现上调,两者可以识别共同的控制植物开花的靶基因SBP box gene SPL3[28]。miR156参与叶的启动生长和控制幼叶到成熟叶的转变[11]。miRl56在营养器官里表达量最大,过量表达 miR156能显著增加拟南芥的叶片数目,并且开花时间出现延迟。miR156还控制着幼年期向成年期转变、营养生长向生殖生长转变这两个相关联的过程中,在营养生长早期 miR156表达水平较高,随着发育进程逐渐进入生殖生长时期,其表达水平下降。拟南芥miR156表达水平的降低伴随着向成年期转变和早花表型[29-34]。miR156 也是一条控制开花的内源性新途径,这个途径使得植物在没有外界诱导信号的情况下依然可以开花结果,当miR156 的含量逐渐降低,而其靶基因的含量逐渐上升,当靶基因的表达到一定程度,就可以开启下游基因的表达,诱导植物开花。相反,过量表达miR156会导致植物营养生长时期的延长和迟花的现象[29,35-36]。由此可见,增加miR156的转录量主要影响植株的营养生长时期和开花过程。我们的结果发现miR156在打顶后烟草叶片中表达量较高,在打顶后叶片中miR156的转录增加将有利于加强烟株的营养生长而延缓生殖生长的进程。这与打顶措施在烟草生产上的目的相一致,结果说明打顶在控制了烟株的生殖生长后确实对叶片的生长起到了促进作用,而miR156上调则是其中的调节机制之一。

实验结果还发现打顶后叶片下调的miRNA有miR-395,miR-159c,miR-159a,miR-394 和 miR-399。这些下调的miRNA除miR-394功能不明外,其余的都与植物抗性胁迫有关。其中miR159与脱落酸(ABA)信号转导过程有关,miR159过量表达可以降低植物对ABA的敏感性[37]。miR159在甘蔗抗盐应激过程中也发挥了重要作用[38]。miR399可调控磷的吸收和转运,在受到低磷胁迫下其表达量增加,使其靶基因表达量降低,从而提高了磷的积累[39-40],低硫可以诱导miR395的 表达量升高[41]。

打顶导致这些与抗逆胁迫相关miRNA的表达量降低,表明打顶在引起烟草叶片自身生长状态改变的同时也改变了叶片对营养胁迫的反应及对激素信号的敏感程度。但其更为明确的调控方向尚需要进一步的深入探讨和研究。

本实验鉴定出三个与拟南芥miRNA库未匹配的 miRNA——Nta-miRNA*-001,Nta-miRNA*-002和Nta-miRNA*-003。其中,在打顶前叶片中鉴定出Nta-miRNA*-001,Nta-miRNA*-002,在打顶后叶片中鉴定出Nta-miRNA*-003。通过软件预测其前体结构及成熟序列的位置如图2、图3所示。烟草叶片中鉴定出三个新的miRNA在数据库中没有登录,其功能信息还不明确。

4 结论

烤烟打顶可使叶片中miR-157和miR-156的上调,miR156/157的上调可能是打顶影响烟株的生殖生长和营养生长的调节机制之一。打顶后烤烟叶片下调的miRNA 有 miR-395、miR-159c、miR-159a、miR-394和 miR-399,除miR-394功能不明外,其余都与植物抗性胁迫有关。表明打顶可能通过调控相关miRNA的表达来影响烤烟叶片的生长状态和对胁迫信号的敏感程度。

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Research on microRNAs expression profiles in flue-cured tobacco leaves before and after topping

YANG Huijuan,WANG Jing,WANG Hongli,WEI Yuehui,SHI Hongzhi

Expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)profiles in two sRNA libraries which come from flue-cured tobacco leaves before and after topping were shown by Solexa sequencing technology.Totally 4,223,982 and 4,993,588 unique sRNA sequence reads were obtained in before and after topping leaves libraries.The matched miRNAs in before and after leave samples were 347 and 337 in which 83 and 71 were annotated sequences,respectively.Seven miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed ones between leaves before and after topping.Compared with the expression profiles in before topping samples MiR-157 and MiR-156 were expressed at a relative high level while MiR-395,MiR-159c,MiR-159a,MiR-394 and MiR-399 were shown to be lower expressed.Three new miRNA sequence were predicted in which Nta-miRNA*-001 and Nta-miRNA*-002 were exist in the leave sample before topping and Nta-miRNA*-003 was exist in the after topping sample.The differentially expressed miRNAs indicated that topping can regulate the leaf vegetative growth and resistance ability.

flue-cured tobacco; leaf; topping; miRNA

10.3969/j.issn.1004-5708.2014.05.018

S572.01 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-5708(2014)05-0110-06

河南省高等学校青年骨干教师资助计划项目(2011GGJS-045);河南省教育厅自然科学基础研究计划项目(2013A180474)

杨惠娟(1978—),副教授,从事烟草生物技术研究,Email:huijuanyang@henau.edu.cn

史宏志(1963—),教授,从事烟草栽培生理研究,Email:shihongzhi88@163.com

2013-10-12

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