刘路 周琼 陈春燕 等
摘要研究重阳木Bischofia polycarpa树皮和叶片的挥发油化学成分.采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取重阳木树皮和叶片的挥发油,气相色谱质谱联用(GCMS)技术分析、鉴定其中化学成分,峰面积归一法分析各个化合物在挥发油中的质量分数.从重阳木树皮挥发油的26个峰中鉴定出18种化合物,主要化学成分为丁香酚(12.45%)、糠醛(10.43%)、十五酸(9.46%)、十七酸乙酯(8.98%)、2甲氧基4乙烯基苯酚(7.51%)等;从重阳木新鲜叶片挥发油的16个峰中鉴定出14种化合物,其中主要成分为1己醇(26.94%)、十五酸(10.8%)、环己酮(10.63%)、十七酸乙酯(10.2%)、月桂酸(6.11%)等.
关键词重阳木;树皮和叶片;挥发油;水蒸汽蒸馏; GCMS
中图分类号Q946文献标识码A文章编号10002537(2014)05002105
重阳木Bischofia polycarpa为大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)重阳木属(Bischofia Bl)落叶乔木,是我国原产树种,在长江中下游地区常见栽培[1].重阳木耐贫瘠,抗风耐旱耐湿能力强,生长较快.对氯有很强的抗性,对多种有害气体都有不同程度的吸收和适应能力[2].其树姿优美,冠如伞盖,秋叶转红,艳丽夺目,是优良的庭荫树和行道树[3].但重阳木受重阳木锦斑蛾Histiar hodope(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),斑蛾科(Zygaenidae))对其危害严重[45].重阳木锦斑蛾成虫喜产卵于重阳木树皮裂缝间,幼虫则以重阳木叶片为食[3],严重时重阳木树叶全被幼虫食光仅剩树丫,给园林绿化造成严重影响.同时,幼虫有吐丝下垂迁移的习性[6],大量吊丝空中、落在地上和周围建筑物上,直接影响行人的过往.目前主要采用化学方法对该虫进行防治[6],但化学农药的使用容易造成环境污染和危及行人安全,急需寻求更为环保和安全有效的防控措施.
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(编辑王健)
[15]赵冬香, 高景林, 陈宗懋. 植食性昆虫对寄主植物的定向行为研究进展[J]. 热带农业科学, 2004,24(2):6267.
[16]DICHENS J C, PRESTWICH G D, NG C, et al. Selectively fluorinated analogs reveal differential olfactory reception and inactivation of green leaf volatiles in insects[J]. J Chem Ecol, 1993,19(9):19811991.
[17]MLLER C, HILKER M. The effect of a green leaf volatile on host plant finding by larvae of a herbivorous insect[J]. Naturwissenschaften, 2000,87(5):216219.
[18]ALLARD A C, ROBERT J B, BRUCE W Z, et al. Behaviorally active green leaf volatiles for monitoring the leaf beetle, diorhabda elongata, a biocontrol agent of saltcedar, tamarix spp[J]. J Chem Ecol, 2006,32(12):26952708.
[19]LIVY WLLL, JACQUELYN L B, CESAR R S, et al. Plant volatiles influence electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Lygus hesperus.[J]. J Chem Ecol, 2010,36(5):467478.
[20]LADD T L. Japanese beetle: enhancement of lures by eugenol and caproic acid[J]. J Econom Entom, 1980,73(5):718720.
[21]郭丽. 桑树对桑天牛引诱机制的研究[D]. 保定:河北农业大学, 2006.
[22]安靖靖. 烟草甲对植物源调味料及其挥发物的行为反应研究[D]. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2010.
[23]李英华, 袁海英, 巴吐尔, 等. 新疆草莓采后主要致腐病原真菌的鉴定及正己醇处理对其抑制作用[J].新疆农业大学学报, 2008,32(1):6063.
[24]李英华, 袁海英, 张辉, 等. 采后正己醇处理对草莓果实活性氧代谢和衰老的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2010,31(4):272275.
(编辑王健)
[15]赵冬香, 高景林, 陈宗懋. 植食性昆虫对寄主植物的定向行为研究进展[J]. 热带农业科学, 2004,24(2):6267.
[16]DICHENS J C, PRESTWICH G D, NG C, et al. Selectively fluorinated analogs reveal differential olfactory reception and inactivation of green leaf volatiles in insects[J]. J Chem Ecol, 1993,19(9):19811991.
[17]MLLER C, HILKER M. The effect of a green leaf volatile on host plant finding by larvae of a herbivorous insect[J]. Naturwissenschaften, 2000,87(5):216219.
[18]ALLARD A C, ROBERT J B, BRUCE W Z, et al. Behaviorally active green leaf volatiles for monitoring the leaf beetle, diorhabda elongata, a biocontrol agent of saltcedar, tamarix spp[J]. J Chem Ecol, 2006,32(12):26952708.
[19]LIVY WLLL, JACQUELYN L B, CESAR R S, et al. Plant volatiles influence electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Lygus hesperus.[J]. J Chem Ecol, 2010,36(5):467478.
[20]LADD T L. Japanese beetle: enhancement of lures by eugenol and caproic acid[J]. J Econom Entom, 1980,73(5):718720.
[21]郭丽. 桑树对桑天牛引诱机制的研究[D]. 保定:河北农业大学, 2006.
[22]安靖靖. 烟草甲对植物源调味料及其挥发物的行为反应研究[D]. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2010.
[23]李英华, 袁海英, 巴吐尔, 等. 新疆草莓采后主要致腐病原真菌的鉴定及正己醇处理对其抑制作用[J].新疆农业大学学报, 2008,32(1):6063.
[24]李英华, 袁海英, 张辉, 等. 采后正己醇处理对草莓果实活性氧代谢和衰老的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2010,31(4):272275.
(编辑王健)