文/赵爱琴
摘 要:集中学习语法,让学生在短时间内对新语法有个完整、清晰的认识,掌握它的精髓,并能熟练运用,是一直探索的问题。“现在完成进行时”集中学习这一方法可行,并且效果很好。
关键词:现在完成进行时;集中学习;策略
人教版八年级英语(下)第六单元,出现了现在完成进行时。通常一个新语法的出现,教师要让学生通过观察这种语言现象,逐步感知、理解,然后归纳、总结,直至接受。但在配套的基础训练里,现在完成进行时的所有内容都出现了。如果不及时系统地学习,学生几乎无法完成配套练习。这势必给他们造成心理阴影,影响他们对这一语言的学习。但如果在一节课完成这一庞大语法的学习,确实有难度。
现在完成进行时把过去、现在甚至将来联系了起来,学生理解起来有一定的困难。另外,它常和how long,for,since短语和句子连用,但究竟用for还是since,还有一堆讲究。学生能在这么短的时间里,理解并掌握这一语法吗?带着所有的疑问,我准备进行尝试。
首先,我重新学习了这一语法,并将其梳理归纳;然后思考教学方法,力求新颖、有趣、自然、高效。接下来我仔细安排每一个教学步骤。一切准备就绪,我要开讲了:
我通过提问,引出所学内容:
T: Hi,Mary.Do you like sports?
M:Yes.
T: What kind of sports do you like best?
M:I like playing basketball best .
T:When did you start playing basketball?
M: I started playing basketball when I was ten.
T: So you have been playing basketball for three years .Yes?
M:Yes.
然后我又同Rose,John互动,并将句子板书到黑板上:
1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years.
2.Rose has been swimming for four years.
3.John has been playing tennis for five years.
首先学生翻译、理解上面的句子:他们从过去开始这种活动,一直延续到现在,并有可能一直延续到将来。我们学过一般过去时、一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。但这种把过去、现在、将来联系起来的现象是什么呢?我引出了新的语法:现在完成进行时。接下来我启发学生归纳它的定义。现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在延续,并可能延续到将来。通过观察,学生得出了它的公式:主语+have(has)been +V-ing +其他。否定句:主语+have(has)not been +V-ing+其他。一般疑问句:Have(has)+主语+been+V-ing +其他。
然后我启发并指导学生用since改写句子。Mary已经打球三年了,我们是不是可以说,她从三年前就已经开始打球了?Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago .她今年十三岁,我们也可以说,从她十岁开始,就已经开始打球了。Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten .同理,我板书句子到黑板上
1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years. →
Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago.
Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten.
2.Rose has been swimming for four years. →
Rose has been swimming since four years ago.
Rose has been swimming since she was nine.
3.John has been playing tennis for five years. →
John has been playing tennis since five years ago.
John has been playing tennis since she was eight.
通过观察学生看出,现在完成进行时常和for, since短语和句子连用。 three years , four years , five years是一段时间,即时间段;three yearsago, four years ago ,five years ago是时间点;she was ten , she was nine, she was eight是一般过去时的句子。由此,我们得出结论: for 后跟是时间段,since后既可跟时间点又可跟一般过去时的句子。到此,我们对这一语法有了全面的认识。
随堂进行练习检测,效果很好。通过这节课,我明白了一个道理:教师在平时教学中,要敢于尝试,敢于挑战,敢于突破。我们相信,在教师的正确引导、鼓励下,学生的潜能能最大限度地发挥,并会有意想不到的收获。
参考文献:
[1]刘建华.中学英语创新教法[M].北京:学苑出版社,1999:126-129.
[2]薄冰,何政安.英语语法[M].北京:开明出版社,2005:236-238.
编辑 马燕萍