奉红波
益脉康片对眼压控制青光眼患者视野保护作用及其相关机制研究
奉红波
青光眼;益脉康片;视野;保护作用
目的研究益脉康片对眼压控制青光眼患者视野的保护作用,并探讨其视功能保护的作用机制。方法选取2012年1月至12月于我院行小梁切除术的原发性开角型青光眼患者50例(75眼),术后眼压均≤21 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),均存在不同程度的视野缺损,随机分为对照组与观察组。对照组术后给予维生素B12注射液肌肉注射,观察组在对照组用药基础上加用益脉康片,均连续治疗12周。观察两组患者治疗前后视力变化情况,同时采用自动视野计观察视野变化情况,观察指标包括平均视敏度(mean sensitivity,MS)、平均视野缺损(mean defect,MD)与缺损方差。结果观察组与对照组治疗前视力分别为4.20±0.26、4.23±0.22,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后视力分别为4.48±0.11、4.34±0.08,与治疗前比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),组间差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗前MD、MS、缺损方差比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,观察组治疗后MD与缺损方差均下降,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),MS增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后MD与缺损方差低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),MS高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论益脉康片对眼压控制的原发性开角型青光眼患者视野具有保护作用。
[眼科新进展,2014,34(4):382-384]
青光眼是由眼压增高或低血流灌注等多种因素引起的不可逆性致盲性眼病。临床上,眼压升高并不是青光眼发病的唯一危险因素,部分患者在眼压控制的情况下,视野缺损和视神经萎缩仍在进行性发展[1]。目前,降眼压和视神经保护是治疗青光眼的两个重要环节,控制眼压可以通过药物或抗青光眼手术及激光等方法,在降低眼压的同时,调节神经血流量和控制神经节细胞凋亡,进而控制或延缓视神经的损害,保护视功能[2]。本研究探讨益脉康片(灯盏细辛制剂)对眼压控制青光眼患者视野的保护作用,为青光眼药物治疗研究提供参考。
1.1一般资料选取2012年1月至12月我院收治的原发性开角型青光眼患者50例(75眼),所有患者均接受小梁切除术,术后眼压均≤21 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),均存在不同程度的视野缺损,其中男23例(35眼),女27例(40眼),年龄40~71(56.8±8.2)岁。50例(75眼)患者随机分为观察组与对照组。观察组患者26例(40眼),其中男12例(20眼),女14例(20眼),年龄40~70(56.7±8.3)岁;对照组患者24例(35眼),其中男11例(15眼),女13例(20眼),年龄41~71(57.1±8.1)岁。两组的性别、年龄等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),具有可比性。排除合并严重其他眼部疾病者及合并有心血管、肝、肾疾病者;近1个月内合并使用神经保护、扩血管或神经营养药物者不纳入研究。
1.2治疗方法对照组术后给予维生素B12注射液(江苏四环生物股份有限公司)肌肉注射,每天1次,每次50 μg。观察组在对照组用药基础上加用益脉康片(云南白药集团大理药业有限责任公司,成份为灯盏细辛浸膏,每片含总黄酮40 mg),一次2片,每天3次,两组均连续治疗12周。治疗期间所有患者不使用与本病治疗有关的其他药物和治疗措施。
1.3观察指标观察两组患者治疗前后视力变化情况,同时采用自动视野计观察视野变化情况,观察指标包括平均视敏度(mean sensitivity,MS)、平均视野缺损(mean defect,MD)与缺损方差。用药前、后均检查肝肾功能及可能出现的不良反应,详细观测记录其临床表现、严重程度、消除方法及时间等。
2.1视力观察组与对照组治疗前视力分别为4.20±0.26、4.23±0.22,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后视力分别为4.48±0.11、4.34±0.08,与治疗前比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),组间差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2.2视野两组治疗前后视野变化见表1-表3。治疗前两组MD、MS、缺损方差比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,观察组治疗后MD与缺损方差均下降,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),MS增高,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后MD与缺损方差低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),MS高于对照组,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
表1 治疗前后两组视野MD比较Table 1 Comparison of MD before and after treatment of two groups(φ/db)
表3 治疗前后两组视野缺损方差比较Table 3 Comparison of defect variance before and after treatment of two groups
青光眼是一组以视神经凹陷性蒌缩和视网膜神经纤维层损害及相应视野缺损为共同特征,伴或不伴眼压增高的致盲性眼病。视神经损害以神经节细胞进行性死亡为特征[3]。现代医学从青光眼神经损害的不同环节予以药物等方法治疗,起到一定的神经保护作用。青光眼在祖国医学当属“五风内障”及“青盲”范畴,属瞳神疾病,宋代《秘传眼科龙木论》称之为“五风变内障”,习称“五风内障”[4]。
中医治疗青光眼目前主要以药物控制眼压,以活血化瘀药物为主,辅以利水、祛风、益气、健脾、滋补肝肾等方法。益脉康片是云南省民间中药口服制剂,为中药灯盏细辛提取物制剂,具有活血化瘀、扩张血管、增加血流量、降低血黏稠度、改善血循环和微循环、滋阴补气等功效[5]。本文研究了益脉康片对眼压控制青光眼患者视野的保护作用,以MS、MD和缺损方差为评价指标,结果显示:与治疗前相比,观察组治疗后MD与缺损方差均下降,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),MS增高,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后MD与缺损方差低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),MS高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。表明益脉康片对眼压控制的原发性开角型青光眼有保护和改善视野的作用。
益脉康片的主要成分为总黄酮,主要用于心血管及神经元变性疾病的治疗,结合本研究结果,分析其对眼压控制的原发性开角型青光眼视野保护的作用机制:(1)抗缺血作用:益脉康片中的总黄酮能够扩张血管,尤其是扩张微循环,增加眼部供血[6];(2)抗氧化作用;(3)抑制血小板活化因子:血小板活化因子广泛存在于视网膜上,青光眼血小板活化因子明显增高,并通过其受体的兴奋引起细胞凋亡[7-9],益脉康片中的总黄酮能够抑制血小板活化因子而起到视神经保护作用;(4)抑制谷氨酸毒性作用。青光眼患者视网膜上谷氨酸明显增高,作用于视网膜上的NMDA受体,产生毒性兴奋导致细胞凋亡[10]。益脉康片中的总黄酮具有抑制NMDA受体毒性兴奋的作用,从而起到视神经保护作用。
综上所述,灯盏细辛制剂益脉康片可以从多方面起到视神经保护作用,改善青光眼患者视野,为青光眼的治疗提供新的途径。
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date:May 20,2013
Protective effects and related mechanism of Yimaikang tablets on visual field of glaucoma patients with controlled intraocular pressure
FENG Hong-Bo
glaucoma; Yimaikang tablets; visual field; protective effect
Objective To study the protective effect of Yimaikang tablets on visual field of glaucoma patients with controlled intraocular pressure, and discuss its mechanism of action.Methods Fifty patients (75 eyes)with primary open-angle glaucoma underwent trabeculectomy in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2012 were enrolled, all patients had visual field defect, and whose intraocular pressure was less than 21 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg). The patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The patients in control group were given the intramuscular injection of vitamin B12, the patients in observation group were given Yimaikang tablets and intramuscular injection of vitamin B12 for continuous 12 weeks. The visual acuity before and after treatment of two groups were observed, and the mean sensitivity (MS), mean defect (MD)of visual field and defect variance were recorded by automatic perimeter in two groups.Results The visual acuity before treatment in control group and observation group were 4.23±0.22 and 4.20±0.26, respectively, there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). The visual acuity after treatment in two groups were 4.34±0.08 and 4.48±0.11, respectively, there was no statistical difference compared with before treatment (allP>0.05), and no statistical difference between two groups (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in MD, MS and defect variance before treatment between two groups (allP>0.05). Compared with before treatment, MD and defect variance after treatment in observation group were decreased, there were statistical differences (allP<0.05), MS after treatment was increased, there was statistical difference (P<0.05). MD and defect variance after treatment in observation group were lower than those in control group, there were statistical differences (allP<0.05), MS after treatment in observation group was higher than that in control group, there was statistical difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Yimaikang tablets can protect the visual field of primary open-angle glaucoma patients with controlled intraocular pressure.
奉红波,男,1972年7月出生,硕士,研究方向:青光眼。联系电话:18975803299;E-mail:fhb1972@163.com
AboutFENGHong-Bo:Male,born in July,1972.Master degree.Tel:18975803299;E-mail:fhb1972@163.com
2013-05-20
545001 广西柳州市,柳州市中医院眼科
奉红波.益脉康片对眼压控制青光眼患者视野的保护作用及其相关机制研究[J].眼科新进展,2014,34(4):382-384.
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10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0106
修回日期:2013-09-28
本文编辑:周志新
Accepteddate:Sep 28,2013
From theDepartmentofOphthalmology,ChineseTraditionalMedicalHospital,Liuzhou545001,GuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion,China
[RecAdvOphthalmol,2014,34(4):382-384]