DNA-PK基因沉默对卵巢癌细胞细胞凋亡的影响

2014-05-16 12:24静,陈
中国实验诊断学 2014年2期
关键词:检查点脂质体细胞周期

赵 静,陈 珂

DNA-PK基因沉默对卵巢癌细胞细胞凋亡的影响

赵 静,陈 珂*

(南京明基医院南京医科大学附属医院妇产科,江苏南京210000)

目的 探讨DNA-PK基因对沉默卵巢癌细胞凋亡的影响及机制。方法 DNA-PK shRNA以脂质体介导转染卵巢癌细胞株Skov3,24h后接受2Gy X射线照射,继续培养48h。收集细胞,标记AnnexinⅤ/PI,流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡情况,同时,RT-PCR检测p53和p21mRNA的表达量。结果 2Gy辐射引起2.40%±1.53%Skov3细胞凋亡,高于对照组(t=2.618,P=0.026),而转染DNA-PK shRNA的Skov3细胞经2Gy照射,凋亡细胞为18.74%±4.15%,明显高于单纯2Gy照射组(t=9.052,P<0.001)及DNA-PK shRNA转染组(2.77%±1.73%)(t=8.869,P<0.001)。RT-PCR检测结果显示,2Gy照射组,Skov3细胞p53mRNA表达量高于对照组,而DNA-PK shRNA转染的Skov3细胞接受2Gy照射,其p53mRNA表达量降低,接近正常水平,单独转染DNA-PK shRNA组p53mRNA表达量无明显变化。转染DNA-PK shRNA的Skov3细胞经2Gy照射,其p21mRNA表达量低于2Gy照射组接近正常组水平,单独转染DNA-PK shRNA组Skov3细胞p21mRNA表达水平与正常对照组相当。结论DNA-PK shRNA可增加辐射后巢癌细胞株的细胞凋亡,其可能机制是通过下调p53和p21mRNA表达,而启动细胞凋亡。

DNA-PK;干扰RNA;卵巢癌细胞Skov3;辐射损伤;DNA损伤

(Chin J Lab Diagn,2014:18:0200)

卵巢癌是妇科中致死率高、发病率高的恶性肿瘤,对放化疗不敏感。这也是临床肿瘤治疗实践及目前研究的热点问题。

细胞受到射线照射后会产生DNA损伤,损伤的DNA激活损伤应答激酶ATM、ATR,进而调控细胞周期检查,阻滞细胞周期进程,修复损伤的DNA。DNA-PK是DNA损伤识别与修复的关键酶,决定受损细胞的转归[1]。可见DNA损伤修复应答是细胞放化疗抵抗的重要原因。因此本文拟以辐射作为损伤手段,制备细胞DNA损伤模型,干扰DNA损伤识别、修复关键酶DNA-PK,试图探讨DNA-PK对放射损伤的Skov3细胞凋亡的影响及机制,为临床卵巢癌临床治疗的新方法新药物开发提供新靶点。

1 材料和方法:

1.1 主要试剂和仪器

DMEM、LipofectimineTM2000,Invitrogen公司;小牛血清,Hyclone公司;胰酶、DEPC,Sigma公司;AnnexinⅤ/PI,碧云天生物技术研究所;TRIzaol,Invitrogen公司;Sensiscript RT Kit,QIAGEN公司;DNA marker DL2000,宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成;卵巢癌细胞株Skov3,本室保存;DNA-PK shRNA,本室构建。FACScan流式细胞仪,BD公司;飞利浦深部X射线治疗机,Philips;PCR仪,ABI;凝胶成像系统,Bio Rad。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 细胞培养及shRNA转染 Skov3细胞常规培养,DMEM,加10%小牛血清、青霉素100U/ml、链霉素100μg/ml。37℃、5%CO2培养箱培养。DNA-PK shRNA以脂质体LipofectimineTM2000介导转染Skov3细胞株,质粒与脂质体的比例为2 μg∶5μl。具体操作按说明书进行。

1.2.2 照射 收集细胞,计数,接种6孔培养板,每孔接种3×105个细胞,第二天采用深部X射线治疗机进行照射,电压200kV,电流10mA,滤板0.5 mm Cu和1.0mm Al。球靶距50cm,剂量率0.287Gy/min。

1.2.3 流式细胞术分析DNA-PK shRNA对Skov3细胞2Gy照射诱导凋亡的影响

DNA-PK shRNA载体转染细胞后24h,照射2Gy,继续培养48h,分别收集各组细胞,标记AnnexinⅤ/PI,流式细胞术分析其凋亡。

1.2.4 RT-PCR检测DNA-PK shRNA转染细胞p53和p21表达量的变化

收集细胞,应用TRIzol提取RNA,按Sensiscript RT Kit试剂盒说明进行RT-PCR。1.2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定PCR产物,凝胶成像系统观察并拍照。

1.2.5 统计学分析 应用SPSS14进行统计分析。

2 结果

2.1 DNA-PK shRNA对2Gy辐射诱导Skov3细胞凋亡的影响

2Gy辐射引起2.40%±1.53%Skov3细胞凋亡,高于对照组(t=2.618,P=0.026),而转染DNA-PK shRNA的Skov3细胞经2Gy照射,凋亡细胞为18.74%±4.15%,明显高于单纯2Gy照射组(t=9.052,P<0.001)及DNA-PK shRNA转染组(2.77%±1.73%)(t=8.869,P<0.001)(表1)。

表1 DNA-PK shRNA对2Gy辐射诱导Skov3细胞凋亡的影响

2.2 RT-PCR检测DNA-PK shRNA转染细胞p53和p21表达量的变化

RT-PCR检测结果显示,2Gy照射组,Skov3细胞p53mRNA表达量高于对照组,而DNA-PK shRNA转染的Skov3细胞接受2Gy照射,其p53 mRNA表达量降低,接近正常水平,单独转染DNA-PK shRNA组p53mRNA表达量无明显变化,接近正常组水平(图1a)。转染DNA-PK shRNA的Skov3细胞经2Gy照射,其p21mRNA表达量低于2Gy照射组接近正常组水平,单独转染DNA-PK shRNA组Skov3细胞p21mRNA表达水平与正常对照组相当(图1b)。

图1 RT-PCR检测DNA-PK shRNA转染细胞p53和p21表达量的变化

3 讨论

卵巢癌临床治疗的难题是其对放化疗具有抵抗性,而影响疾病的转归。放化疗对肿瘤细胞杀伤效应主要是造成肿瘤细胞的DNA损伤,而细胞具有DNA损伤修复能力[2-4]。当损伤发生时,细胞周期检查点被激活[5],指导周期特异性修复机制(HR和NHEJ等)[6]。因此,如果能有效的干扰细胞周期检查点和修复系统,则可以诱使大量的肿瘤细胞进入凋亡程序。

在DNA损伤修复中DNA-PK是关键酶。为此,本文应用放射方法,体外建立细胞DNA损伤模型,干扰DNA-PK沉默其表达,观察其对卵巢癌细胞Skov3凋亡的影响。流式细胞术分析显示,转染DNA-PK shRNA的Skov3细胞经2Gy照射,凋亡细胞为18.74%±4.15%,明显高于单纯2Gy照射组(2.40%±1.53%)(t=9.052,P<0.001)及DNA-PK shRNA转染组(2.77%±1.73%)(t=8.869,P<0.001)。表明DNA-PK shRNA可提高辐射诱导的Skov3细胞凋亡。

如果修复失败,检查点通过启动p53-依赖或p53-非依赖途径使细胞发生凋亡。在本研究中DNA-PK shRNA转染的Skov3细胞接受2Gy照射,与单纯2Gy照射组对比其p53mRNA表达量下降,减少其下游p21转录,使其mRNA表达量下降,致使Cdk2-cyclinE复合物活性增加,解除细胞周期阻滞,增加细胞凋亡。提示干扰DNA-PK,通过下调p53和p21mRNA表达量,启动细胞凋亡,从而增加放射诱导的细胞凋亡。本研究结果提示在临床卵巢癌治疗时短期大剂量照射,降低肿瘤细胞修复后的增殖机会,可提高治疗效果。

[1]Chapman JR,Taylor MR,Boulton SJ.Playing the end game:DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice[J].Mol Cell,2012,47(4):497.

[2]Kinsella TJ.Understanding DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways:applications to more targeted cancer therapeutics[J].Semin Oncol,2009,36(2Suppl 1):S42.

[3]Smith J,Tho LM,Xu N,et al.The ATM-Chk2and ATR-Chk1 pathways in DNA damage signaling and cancer[J].Adv Cancer Res,2010,108:73.

[4]Deckbar D,Jeggo PA,L?brich M.Understanding the limitations of radiation-induced cell cycle checkpoints[J].Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol,2011,46(4):271.

[5]Lossaint G,Besnard E,Fisher D,et al.Chk1is dispensable for G2 arrest in response to sustained DNA damage when the ATM/p53/p21pathway is functional[J].Oncogene,2011,30(41):4261.

[6]Landsverk KS,Patzke S,Rein ID,et al.Three independent mechanisms for arrest in G2after ionizing radiation[J].Cell Cycle,2011,10(5):819.

The effects of DNA-PK gene silencing to cell apoptosis on ovarian cancer

ZHANG Jing,CHEN Ke.
(Affiliated Hos-pital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing Mingji Hospital,Obstetrics and Gynecology,Nanjing210000,China)

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism that DNA-PK gene silencing to cell apoptosis on ovarian cancer cells.Methods Constructed DNA-PK shRNA and applied liposome-mediated transfection to ovarian cancer cells Skov3,after 20h,giving 2Gy X-ray irradiation and continued to train until 48h.Then the cells were collected,and AnnexinⅤ/PI was labeled,flow cytometry was applied to analyze the apoptosis of cells,while RT-PCR was used to detecte of p53and p21mRNA expression.Results After 2Gy radiation,2.40%±1.53%Skov3turn out cells apoptosis,higher than the control group,the differences were significant(t=2.618,P=0.026),and the Skov3cells were transfected DNA-PK shRNA that after 2Gy irradiation,apoptotic cells was 18.74%±4.15%,significantly higher than only 2Gy irradiation group(t=9.052,P<0.001)and single DNA-PK shRNA transfection group(2.77%± 1.73%),the differences were significant(t=8.869,P<0.001).The results of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of Skov3cells p53in 2Gy irradiation group was higher than the normal group,while the mRNA expression of p53in the DNA-PK shRNA transfected Skov3cells and received 2Gy irradiation group decreased to near normal levels,the mRNA expression of p53in single transfection DNA-PK shRNA group did not change.DNA-PK shRNA transfected Skov3cells were given 2Gy irradiation,the mRNA expression of p21levels was lower than the 2Gy irradiation group,and it’s close to the level of the normal group,the mRNA expression of p21in only DNA-PK shRNA transfected Skov3cells group is near the control group.Conclusion DNA-PK shRNA can increase ovarian cancer cell line apoptosis after radiation,and its possible mechanism is that the mRNA expression of p53and p21decreased and then initiate apoptosis.

DNA-PK;Interfering RNA;Ovarian cancer Skov3;Radiosensitization;DNA damage

R737.31

A

2013-01-25)

1007-4287(2014)02-0200-03

*通讯作者

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