探讨全身麻醉插管术后咽痛与月经周期的关系

2014-04-29 22:00高原
医学美学美容·中旬刊 2014年1期
关键词:咽炎月经周期

高原

【摘要】目的:探討全身麻醉插管术后咽痛与月经周期的关系。方法:选取46例年龄为18-45岁女性患者记录末次月经,分别于术后1小时、6小时及24小时记录咽痛、吞咽困难、声嘶的严重程度(分为无、轻、重)。结果:51%患者在术后第一个6小时有咽痛。吞咽困难和声嘶与月经周期均无相关性(P=0.30, P=0.55)。结论:月经周期与咽痛的发生率并无相关性。

【关键词】插管法;喉镜检查;咽炎;月经周期

【中图分类号】R614.2 【文献标识码】B【文章编号】1004-4949(2014)01-0295-01

全身麻醉中通常使用直接喉镜辅助气管插管1-3。为了让声门的视野更清晰,在使用喉镜和插管时会施加一些外力。故而常常会损伤到唇、齿、咽、会厌、喉、声带、气管等部位,从而使得患病率升高,甚至致死。全身麻醉患者气管插管术后最常见的并发症之一为咽痛。有报道大约有40%的患者主诉有咽部不适3-14。不同研究中报道的术后咽痛大约为18%-65%6,15-20。尽管喉部不适并非严重并发症,但是给患者带来了负面的影响6。有报道的引起咽痛的危险因素有女性患者3,7-9,21-23,术后恶心呕吐,吸烟史,插管次数6,9,拔管时间,咳嗽频率等。此外术中患者体位,置管或术中导管移位会直接导致组织损伤。在女性的月经周期中,激素水平也不断的产生变化。这些变化会导致女性的生活质量发生改变,如情绪的波动,我们称为经前期综合症。然而,这种变化会影响痛觉阈值。有报道,在黄体期,对痛觉的敏感性是增加的24。而且不同女性对镇痛剂的反应各不相同,并且比男性所需的剂量相对要高些24-31。

激素水平的变化对临床影响的大小及效应仍不清楚。它对痛觉的感受性是随时间而变化的,因而,时间是个重要的变量32,33。本研究旨在探讨月经周期与咽喉痛的关系。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料 46例非孕且准备实施全身麻醉手术的女性患者,年龄18-45岁,临床检查无气道病变。排除以下情况:近期肺部疾病,吸烟,术前两周有感冒史,可摘义齿,面部、颈部、口腔和或气道先天或后天畸形,口疮或溃疡,胸颈部手术后,术程超过3小时,怀孕,口服避孕药,月经不调。

1.2方法

1.2.1分组 根据时间分为三组:术后1小时,术后6小时,术后24小时。

1.2.2数据收集 所有入选对象均记录末次月经,分别于术后1小时、6小时及24小时记录咽痛、吞咽困难、声嘶的严重程度(分为无、轻、重)。

1.2.3 统计学分析 运用SPSS16.0软件包建立数据库,并用卡方及t检验进行统计学分析,P<0.05为具有统计学意义。

2结果

3讨论

根据本文的研究,月经周期中激素的变化与咽痛并无相关性。拔管后的第6个小时,51%的患者出现疼痛,这与以往的资料报道是相符的3-14。有趣的是月经周期的第6或第7天的患者占更多数,可能原因是此期间患者未来月经,更方便手术,但是这与咽痛的发生率无相关性。

拔管后第一个6小时咽痛的发生率是影响患者预后的因素之一。因为像心率、血压、出血、止痛药的应用及副作用(恶心、呼吸暂停)是随着疼痛的程度而变化的。因而我们建议,提高插管技术,拔管时更小心些能够减少咽痛的发生,从而提高患者生存质量,同时降低了并发症的发生。

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