高中英语强调句教学的点滴体会

黄智

高中英语强调句是高中英语知识的一个语法点。它的结构和用法看似简单，但是有相当多的学生常在考试中出现各种错误判断。现结合我个人几年的教学经验，谈谈对高中英语强调句教学的点滴体会。

一、强调句句型的引入

He came here to see his girlfriend yesterday.要求对谓语动词came进行强调。想要强调谓语动词就是在其前加do， does， did这几个助动词。因此学生提出这样一个问题：强调句子其他成分也是在其前加do， does， did吗？教师就可以引出强调句句型：It is/was...that（who）...以上的句子应写成：It was yesterday that he came here to see his girlfriend.

二、强调句的陈述句式

强调句的陈述句式为：It is/was+被强调部分+that（who）+句子的其余成分。检验所用句子是强调句与否，方法就是把它变成不是强调句句型的句子，变后的句子如果意思通顺，合乎逻辑，那么就可以判断其为强调句。

三、强调句的一般疑问句式

It is what he said that makes me so happy. 变成一般疑问句： Is it what he said that makes you so happy？ 从以上的结构可知：强调句的一般疑问句式为：Is/Was +it+被强调部分+that（who）+句子的其余部分？

四、强调句的特殊疑问句式

It was by his friend that he managed to get the information.要求学生对强调的部分by his friend进行提问： How was it that he managed to get the information？从以上的结构可以看出，强调句的特殊疑问句式为：特殊疑问词+ is/was +it+ that+句子的其余部分？

五、强调句特殊疑问句式的回答

What was it that made his wife so upset？ A. Because her husband left her.B. Her husband left her.C. Her husband leaving.D. Because her husband leaving.应把疑问句式变为陈述句式It was what that made his wife so upset.然后再把这个强调句变成不是用强调句式的句子：What made his wife so upset？到这里，学生就知道上面所提问的句子是提问主语部分。从各个选项答案可知，只有C这个答案能充当主语，故选C。做完这题后，要求学生以后做此类题目时就用这种逆推法。

六、not...until句型的强调句和倒装句的用法

He did not realize that he was wrong until his teacher explained to him.要求学生把这个句子变成强调句：It was not until his teacher explained to him that he realized that he was wrong. 很多学生错误地写成：It was not until his teacher explained to him that did he realize that he was wrong. not...until强调句要注意两点：被强调的部分是not和 until 所引导的时间状语从句，而在that后要用陈述句语序。not...until句型的倒装句：not和 until 所引导的时间状语从句必须放在句首，主句要用倒装语序。

七、强调句用在从句中的语序

What was it that made his wife so upset？ I dont know whatthat made his wife so upset. A. it wasB. was it很多学生选了B答案。但是他们的答案是错误的，因为这时它已不是一个句子，只是句中的一个成分，即这时的强调句是用在从句中，从句的语序永远是陈述语序。

八、强调句和定语从句的区别

It is the buildingI was born.很多学生会填that。因为他们认为这个句子是个强调句，但是是错误的。把句子变成不是强调句的句子显然是不成立的，也就是说把上面的句子处理为强调句是错误的。只能把它处理为where引导的定语从句来修饰the building。

（责任编辑黄晓）endprint