在基础写作中如何正确表达百分比

董军权

笔者在批改调查问卷、调查报告等表格类基础写作中，发现学生对数据的表达，尤其在呈现百分比时，句式单一，结构混乱，语法错误较多，以至影响分数。本文以如何正确表达百分比为中心，通过例句的形式展开说明，达到帮助同学正确表达百分比的目的。

一、夯实基础

（一）区分两个名词

1. percent的意思是：百分之……，也可写成%，在表示“百分之几的……”时，一定要记得用介词of。

[例1]57%的学生喜欢读英语新闻。

57% of the students like to read English news.

或57 percent of the students like to read English news.

注意：percent of...作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与所接名词的数相一致。

[例2]大约26% 的同学对上网很感兴趣。

About 26 percent of the students show great interest in surfing the Internet.

[例3]这个公园的绿化面积超过60%。

Over 60 percent of the park is covered with trees.

2. percentage的意思是：百分比，百分率。

[例4]57%的学生喜欢读英语新闻。

The percentage of the students who like to read English news is 57 percent.

注意：A large/ small/ high/ low/ percentage of...作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of后所接名词的数一致。

[例5]很大比例的中国移民选择住在中国城。

A large percentage of Chinese immigrants have chosen to stay in the Chinatowns.

[例6]大量的污水进入了大海。

A high percentage of the polluted water goes into the sea.

（二）活用几个动词

在表达“占一定数量或比例”时，常用的词有account for， make up， take up， occupy等。

[例7]非矿物燃料将占整个国家所用能源的15%。

The proportion of non-fossil fuels will account for 15 percent of all energies used in the country.

或The proportion of non-fossil fuels will make up 15 percent of all energies used in the country.

[例8]当地运动员占了整个运动员的大多数。

Local athletes occupy a large portion of the entire participants.

或Local athletes take up a large portion of the entire participants.

（三）熟悉相互转换

百分比与分数进行转换，避免表达重复

[例9]百分之二十五的同学将做一些兼职工作，因为可以锻炼他们的独立性。

A quarter of the students will do some part-time jobs as it can exercise their own independent ability.

25% of the students will do some part-time jobs as it can exercise their own independent ability.

[例10]百分之三十的同学愿意求助家长或老师。

30% of us would like to share troubles with our teachers or parents.

Three- tenths of us would like to share troubles with our teachers or parents.

[例11]百分之六十七的学生认为他们奋斗的目的是为了改变自己的命运。

67% of the students claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate

About two-thirds of the students claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate.

二、技能提升

（一）表达技巧

[例12]75%是男性吸烟者，25%是女性吸烟者。

简单表达：75% are male smokers. 25% are female smokers.

对比表达：75% are male smokers while 25% are female smokers.

这两句话的谓语和宾语都一样，只有主语不同，还可以合二为一：endprint

75% of the men and 25% of the women are smokers.

[例13]25%的同学赞成这个想法，75%的人反对，3%的人没发表意见。

简单表达： 22% of the students approve of the idea. 75% of them are against it. 3% of them dont express their opinions on this idea.

都含of them，可省去：

Only 22% of the students approve of the idea. 75% are against it. 50% dont express their opinions on this idea.

下列方式表达效果更好。

Only 22% of the students are in favour of the idea. The majority of them，taking up 75%，are strongly against it. The rest 3% dont express their opinions on it.

（二）常用句型

1. On the one hand， about...% of the people agree to... ， because... On the other hand， over ...% of the people hold a different view， saying that... 一方面，大约有百分之……的人赞成……，因为……。另一方面，有超过百分之……的人持不同观点，他们认为……

2. ...of my classmates are in favor of...， for the reason that... 有……的同学赞成……，其理由是……

3. The percentage of... is 30%， which is the same as that of ... ……的百分比是百分之三十，这跟……的比例相同。

三、实例分析

[写作内容]

根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：

1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；

2. 男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异；

3.“父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异；

4. 男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同；

5. 你的偶像及理由。

参考范文（注意范文中百分比的表达）：

Last week， we did a survey among 2，600 students on“who is your idol”. The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols， while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. As the data shows， “parents” ranks the second for the girls， but the fourth for the boys. However， the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. As for me， Thomas Edison is my idol， because his inventions have greatly changed our life.

四、即时练习

[写作内容]

根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：

1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；

2. 调查的结果

3.调查的结论。

参考范文

Last week， a survey about “the feeling of happiness” was carried out among 2000 students in our school. Nearly all the students surveyed agree that happiness is the correct attitude towards life. As for what makes them feel happy， 30% of the students gain happiness from the warmth of the families such as the love of parents or relatives （可换成：the percentage of the students who gain happiness from the warmth of the families such as the love of parents or relatives is 30%） and 40% of the students think that they gain happiness from achievements （可换成：those who think that they gain happiness from achievements account for the largest proportion， making up 40%）. There are about 20% of the students saying that they feel delighted from friendship and helping others， while the last 10% （可换成：the rest） hope they can be more independent from their parents and school. From the figures， we can draw a conclusion that students have passion for life， but they need to experience life more and broaden their horizons.

（作者单位：广东肇庆中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint

75% of the men and 25% of the women are smokers.

[例13]25%的同学赞成这个想法，75%的人反对，3%的人没发表意见。

简单表达： 22% of the students approve of the idea. 75% of them are against it. 3% of them dont express their opinions on this idea.

都含of them，可省去：

Only 22% of the students approve of the idea. 75% are against it. 50% dont express their opinions on this idea.

下列方式表达效果更好。

Only 22% of the students are in favour of the idea. The majority of them，taking up 75%，are strongly against it. The rest 3% dont express their opinions on it.

（二）常用句型

1. On the one hand， about...% of the people agree to... ， because... On the other hand， over ...% of the people hold a different view， saying that... 一方面，大约有百分之……的人赞成……，因为……。另一方面，有超过百分之……的人持不同观点，他们认为……

2. ...of my classmates are in favor of...， for the reason that... 有……的同学赞成……，其理由是……

3. The percentage of... is 30%， which is the same as that of ... ……的百分比是百分之三十，这跟……的比例相同。

三、实例分析

[写作内容]

根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：

1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；

2. 男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异；

3.“父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异；

4. 男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同；

5. 你的偶像及理由。

参考范文（注意范文中百分比的表达）：

Last week， we did a survey among 2，600 students on“who is your idol”. The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols， while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. As the data shows， “parents” ranks the second for the girls， but the fourth for the boys. However， the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. As for me， Thomas Edison is my idol， because his inventions have greatly changed our life.

四、即时练习

[写作内容]

根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：

1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；

2. 调查的结果

3.调查的结论。

参考范文

Last week， a survey about “the feeling of happiness” was carried out among 2000 students in our school. Nearly all the students surveyed agree that happiness is the correct attitude towards life. As for what makes them feel happy， 30% of the students gain happiness from the warmth of the families such as the love of parents or relatives （可换成：the percentage of the students who gain happiness from the warmth of the families such as the love of parents or relatives is 30%） and 40% of the students think that they gain happiness from achievements （可换成：those who think that they gain happiness from achievements account for the largest proportion， making up 40%）. There are about 20% of the students saying that they feel delighted from friendship and helping others， while the last 10% （可换成：the rest） hope they can be more independent from their parents and school. From the figures， we can draw a conclusion that students have passion for life， but they need to experience life more and broaden their horizons.

（作者单位：广东肇庆中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint

75% of the men and 25% of the women are smokers.

[例13]25%的同学赞成这个想法，75%的人反对，3%的人没发表意见。

简单表达： 22% of the students approve of the idea. 75% of them are against it. 3% of them dont express their opinions on this idea.

都含of them，可省去：

Only 22% of the students approve of the idea. 75% are against it. 50% dont express their opinions on this idea.

下列方式表达效果更好。

Only 22% of the students are in favour of the idea. The majority of them，taking up 75%，are strongly against it. The rest 3% dont express their opinions on it.

（二）常用句型

1. On the one hand， about...% of the people agree to... ， because... On the other hand， over ...% of the people hold a different view， saying that... 一方面，大约有百分之……的人赞成……，因为……。另一方面，有超过百分之……的人持不同观点，他们认为……

2. ...of my classmates are in favor of...， for the reason that... 有……的同学赞成……，其理由是……

3. The percentage of... is 30%， which is the same as that of ... ……的百分比是百分之三十，这跟……的比例相同。

三、实例分析

[写作内容]

根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：

1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；

2. 男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异；

3.“父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异；

4. 男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同；

5. 你的偶像及理由。

参考范文（注意范文中百分比的表达）：

Last week， we did a survey among 2，600 students on“who is your idol”. The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols， while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. As the data shows， “parents” ranks the second for the girls， but the fourth for the boys. However， the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. As for me， Thomas Edison is my idol， because his inventions have greatly changed our life.

四、即时练习

[写作内容]

根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：

1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；

2. 调查的结果

3.调查的结论。

参考范文

Last week， a survey about “the feeling of happiness” was carried out among 2000 students in our school. Nearly all the students surveyed agree that happiness is the correct attitude towards life. As for what makes them feel happy， 30% of the students gain happiness from the warmth of the families such as the love of parents or relatives （可换成：the percentage of the students who gain happiness from the warmth of the families such as the love of parents or relatives is 30%） and 40% of the students think that they gain happiness from achievements （可换成：those who think that they gain happiness from achievements account for the largest proportion， making up 40%）. There are about 20% of the students saying that they feel delighted from friendship and helping others， while the last 10% （可换成：the rest） hope they can be more independent from their parents and school. From the figures， we can draw a conclusion that students have passion for life， but they need to experience life more and broaden their horizons.

（作者单位：广东肇庆中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint