游牧城市/极光观测

位置：挪威

时间：2012年

“游牧城市”建在挪威摩城附近的斯堪的纳维亚山脉里一个长年封冻的Røssvatnet 湖上，它是一个交叉学科的艺术景观，在它身上同时体现了环境艺术、建筑学、社会学以及生存学等学科的理念。游牧城的居民们，有的来自芬兰阿尔托大学环境艺术高级讲学班，有的来自瑞典隆德大学可持续城市设计学部，有的来自马德里欧洲大学建筑学系，有的来自德国鲍豪斯大学美术系，还有的来自比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学坎布雷奥尔塔建筑学部，以及在城中定居的来自挪威Mosjoen和Varntresk协会的建筑专家。据统计，这些学生和教授来自19个不同的国家，他们大多是城市游民。他们被寻找原始力量的渴望驱使着来到这片冰湖，这种本真的力量能够引领他们自由穿梭于建筑、环境艺术和城市设计等学科之间。定居两周后，他们已学会在冰封的湖水中捕获小鱼。

鱼是真的！

建筑是一门环境艺术。学生们的任务是在城中自行设计住所，并共同建造冰上可移动的游牧城市桑拿房和极光观测站。冰下是鲑鱼的近缘鱼类——鳟鱼和北极鲑，要捕获这些鱼儿需要当地渔民的不传之秘。而附近的渔民们也非常热心地指导学生们，并关注学生们能否在北欧极寒的严酷气候条件下成功完成任务。除了生存下去，学生们还必须以1：1比例完成设计的建筑，在天寒地冻中通过自己的行动创造那份建筑的美丽。

热情友好的Bjornadal一家借给我们一幢临湖的小木屋。第一次打开木屋生起火来，同学们在温暖的屋子里晾干彼此浸湿的衣物和灵魂后，他们就再也不想离开那间小屋了。于是我们对进屋实行严格管控，学生们不得不结伴在森林中生火，从里到外烤干衣服，那里满是树木，一些树下大约有两米深的积雪。

每天晨光微曦，我们就出现在Sæterstad农场里，这个农场是我们就餐和烘烤衣物的

Site: Røssvatnet Lake, Varntresk Community, Norway

Time: 2012大本营。此时也是学生们自由地谈论、审视他们的设计的时间。设计不是全部，设计不能代替现实而最最真实的莫过于大自然。在这个环境中，学生们逐渐学会接触自然力量，他们的现代建筑设计也逐渐回归自然，焕发生机。设计与规划在这里变革，所谓的设计渐融渐消。学生们有的在农舍的仓库中工作，更有的中坚力量整日在冰湖上生存，他们凭自己的力量捕捉小鱼，还抽空享受着观看极光的乐趣。

夜幕降临的一个晚上，我们捡到了一只被车碾死的松鸡做晚餐。同学们在室内灯上晾晒袜子，小姑娘艾格尼丝•博恩正为我们吟唱着忧郁的布鲁斯歌谣。伴随着她的歌声，那只松鸡的翅膀和腿渐渐结冰了，身上的虱子什么的更是被冻死了。比利时的小伙子们做了一些佛兰德披萨，同学们中的素食主义者竟然仅靠牛奶和意大利炖饭就存活了下来，即使有时候他们中的某些人又恢复了吃肉的习性。当Bjørnådal教授批判了利己主义的商业交易形式并提出还存在另外一种无偿赠送的经济形态后，意大利姑娘们为大家和附近的农民们奉上了美味的提拉米苏和巧克力蛋糕。

在游牧城市桑拿房的冰洞角落享受一次健康桑拿浴，桑拿浴可是人类进化史上最伟大的发明之一。当地的农户同意由学生和协会负责建筑工作。现在，当冬天旱季时，桑拿房就悬挂在半空中，夏天水丰时，它就漂浮在我们的游泳场上。冰上的渔民也可以使用极光观测站的火炉，直接拿它烤制鲜鱼。Varntresk观光大道附近的学生个人建筑景观将一直保留，作为环境艺术的永久工程。渔民们也常会给我们送来鱼和冻山羊肉等补给。

总而言之，在湖上的一切活动都那么美好。看到不同专业的同学们通力合作，与自然和谐共处是一个很棒的体验。学术专业并不意味着什么，只有广阔的大自然才包涵万象，人类如何融入自然是迄今最难的一门课。

Nomad City was a cross-disciplinary mix of environmental art, architecture, sociology and survival on top of the frozen Røssvatnet Lake (March 2012) up in the Scandinavian mountains near Mo i Rana in Norway. The nomad citizens come from the environmental art masters class of the Aalto University in Finland, from Lund University Department of Sustainable Urban Design in Sweden, from Madrid European University Department of Architecture, from Bauhaus University Department of Fine Arts in Germany and from Université Libre de Bruxelles Faculté d'architecture La Cambre–Horta in Belgium backed up with the local collage of construction experts from Mosjøen in Norway and the Varntresk community.

The students and professors represent all together 19 nationalities and were mostly urban nomads. They were driven to the frozen lake by determination of finding something primeval that can show them some new and fresh ropes within the disciplines of architecture, environmental art and urban design. After two weeks on the frozen lake they also got some fish.

Fish is Real.

Architecture is environmental art. The students were given a task to make a personal nomad shelter and collectively to build a movable Nomad Sauna on skies and an Aurora Observatory. Under the ice there were beautiful salmon related fishes - trout and arctic char. Local Knowledge was needed in order to get them up. The farmers around the lake were generous in helping the students and more than that curious to see if they could manage in the demanding Nordic winter conditions. For the course the survival was not enough - the students had to manage to construct in 1:1 scale and find beauty through their actions in the frozen environment.

We had a cottage by the lake kindly supported by the Bjørnådal family. After opening up first time the cottage and building up the fire the students went in to dry their clothes and soaked souls and we realized that they will never come out. After that the cottage was highly regulated and the students had to rather do hard forestry work in small groups heating up the body to dry the clothes up from inside. There were partly two meters of snow and plenty of trees.

After the daylight we got together at the Sæterstad farm which worked as our base camp to eat dinner and dry up clothes. This was also the natural time to talk and review their designs. To design is not enough. Design should not replace reality and there is only one real reality - nature. Step by step all the students were exposed to the elements and they started their modern archaeology towards the organic. Plans and design were changed;best of them were melted away. Some worked in the garage of the farmhouse, the most hard core students day after day on the frozen lake. They also got some fish and observed the aurora.

Without his Nomad Sauna modern man is just a common ape. One evening we had a road kill ptarmigan for dinner. The students dried their socks hanging in the living room lamp. Young Agnes Born was singing us sensitive blues songs while the wings and legs of the ptarmigan were being frozen for her collection and getting rid of lice. Belgian guys made some Flemish pizza and the vegetarian students survived amazingly with muesli and risotto. At some point some of them were also reverted in eating raw meat. The Italian ladies made for us and the farmers tiramisu and chocolate cakes after Professor Bjørnådal corrected the group from selfish behaviour and advised that there existed also another kind of economy: giving.

Taking a healthy dip in the Nomad Sauna ice-hole corner.

The farmers accepted the students and the community took over the constructions.Now the Nomad Sauna is on skies during the winters and floating on the community's swimming beach during the summers. Ice fishers are using the Aurora Observatory which also has a fireplace to straight prepare the fresh fish. The individual structures are ending up around Varntresk tourist road as permanent works of environmental art. We got full support from the local people including fish and goat meat.

All in all the experience on the frozen lake was good. It was great to see the students from different disciplines working together and facing the same big voice of nature.Academic discipline means nothing. Nature means everything. Human nature as part of nature is the hardest discipline.

Participating universities:

Aalto University Environmental Art Master Program, Finland

Lund University Department of Sustainable Urban Design, Sweden

Madrid European University Department of Architecture, Spain

Bauhaus University Department of Fine Art, Germany

Université Libre de Bruxelles. Faculté d'architecture La Cambre -Horta, Belgium

Mosjøen College / Construction

Workshop leaders:

Marco Casagrande / Aalto University Environmental Art

Hans-Petter Bjørnådal / Bjørnådalarkitektstudio

Jan Tyrpekl, Assistant / Liberec University Faculty of Architecture