由甲申 贾晓辉
吉西他滨化学名称为 2’-脱氧-2’,2’-盐酸二氟脱氧胞苷(β-异构体),是细胞周期特异性抗代谢类药物,主要作用于DNA合成期(S期)的肿瘤细胞。卵巢癌是女性生殖器官常见的肿瘤之一,发病率仅次于子宫颈癌和子宫体癌而列居第3位,死亡率却占各类妇科肿瘤的首位。目前以铂类为主的一线放化疗存在易复发转移、肿瘤耐药等问题。吉西他滨可以逆转卵巢癌癌肿瘤细胞对铂类的抵抗,与铂类具有协同抗肿瘤作用。二者联用是治疗复发转移间期≥6个月的复发卵巢癌的标准方案之一。另有临床研究显示,吉西他滨与铂类联用可作为有用的卵巢癌一线治疗方案。本文将GEM联合铂类治疗卵巢癌的研究进展综述如下。
2006年Pfisterer的一项Ⅲ期临床研究中,应用含GEM的方案治疗了356例经铂类一线治疗后6个月以上复发的晚期卵巢癌患者。患者随机给予GEM 1000 mg/m2,第1天,第8天,每3周1次,CBP AUC4,第1天,每3周1次;对照组CBP AUC5,第1天,每3周1次,主要研究终点是疾病无进展生存期(PFS)。结果表明GEM+CBP对比CBP单药,中位PFS分别为8.6个月对比 5.8个月(P=0.0031),PFS得到延长。另外ORR分别为47.2%和30.9%(P=0.0016),中位OS分别为18.0个月对比17.3个月[1]。Bookman发表在2006和2009年的Ⅲ期临床研究显示,五种方案的PFS或OS无统计学上的显著差异。这些方案包括GEM/CBP/紫杉醇(PTX)/聚乙二醇脂质体阿霉素(PLD)和拓扑替康(VP-16)。总体研究的中位 PFS为 16.0个月,中位 OS为 44.1个月[2,3]。
Papadimitriou和Kose的Ⅱ期临床研究表明:GEM联合CBP治疗铂类耐药的复发卵巢癌有效率(ORR)为40.5% ~62.5%,中位疾病进展时间(TTP)为9~9.6个月,OS为24.5个月,骨髓抑制、呕吐、神经疾病是与使用GEM联合CBP联合方案的最常见的毒性反应[4,5]。
表1 已发表的GEM联合CBP治疗卵巢癌的Ⅱ期临床试验
表2 已发表的GEM联合DPP一线治疗卵巢癌的Ⅱ期临床试验
临床研究及资料显示GEM与DDP有协同作用。几项Ⅱ期临床研究显示GEM+DDP一线治疗晚期卵巢癌ORR为57.7% ~70.7%,PFS为10.4~13.8个月,OS为23.4~28.1个月,并且GEM+DDP联合方案≥10%的3/4级不良反应主要为中性粒细胞减少、白细胞减少症、血小板减少症、贫血、恶心/呕吐、脱发[6-9]。
三项Ⅱ期临床试验研究显示GEM+DDP二线治疗晚期卵巢癌ORR为16% ~70%,PFS为4.9~5.97个月,OS为13.2~20.2个月,中性粒细胞减少、白细胞减少症、血小板减少症、贫血、恶心/呕吐为GEM+DDP联合方案≥10%的3/4级不良反应[10-12]。
表3 已发表的GEM联合DPP二线治疗卵巢癌的Ⅱ期临床试验
OXA与DDP或CBP无交叉耐药,更适用于对CBP或DDP耐药的患者。几项Ⅱ期临床研究显示GEM联合OXA二线治疗卵巢癌的反应率为18.7% 到37%,中位TTP为6.1~7.8个月,中位OS为10~17.8个月,骨髓抑制、呕吐、虚弱和神经毒性是GEM联合OXA治疗卵巢癌最常见的毒性反应[13-17]。
表4 已发表的GEM联合OXA二线治疗卵巢癌的Ⅱ期临床试验
GEM联合铂类治疗对铂类敏感或耐药的卵巢癌均有效;GEM+CBP联合疗效最好,生存期最长,可能成为治疗卵巢癌的标准方案;GEM+DDP或OXA具有一定的有效率,可以根据患者不同的情况进行选择。
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