名词性从句考点透析

2012-04-29 09:11陈月梅
群文天地 2012年1期
关键词:同位语主句省略

陈月梅

名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考,在各种题目中也经常出现,它也是复合句中比较难以掌握的语法内容之一,因此应切实掌握这一考点。其中名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重,考生如何正确理解句子的含义,选取正确的连接词,是把握好这一类题目的关键。下面就高考中经常考到的几个点进行简单的介绍:

一、Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别

一般说来,what / who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁”。

eg:It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.

A. HoweverB. Whatever

C. Whichever D. whenever

解析:答案是B,whatever引导一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”,具有泛指的概念。

二、Where, when, why,how等连接副词引导的名词性从句

Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。

eg: I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

Is that ____ you had a few days off?

A. Why B. When C. That D. where

解析:答案是A,这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你离开的原因吗?”故答案为A。

三、名词性从句皆用陈述语序。

eg: No one can be sure ____in a million years.

A. what man will look like

B. what will man look like

C. man will look like what

D. what look will man like

解析:答案是A,这是一个由what引导的宾语从句,从句要用陈述句的语序。

四、that的省略

主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that,但不能省略。

宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省,有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:

He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.

Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.

五、定语从句和同位语从句的区别

定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用,而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分,充当从句的宾语成分,有时可省略。

同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明,表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词概念的名词后面,用以说明名词所表示的具体内容,常跟同位语从句的名词主要有:fact, idea, news, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, problem,proof, question, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth等。

eg: Information has been put forward_______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A.whileB.thatC.when D.as

解析:that引导从句作information的同位语,解释information的具体内容.这句话的意思是“有消息说,有更多的中学毕业生将进入大学”。由于information与同位语从句被has been put forward分隔开来,增加了试题的难度。

六、宾语从句的时态呼应

1.若主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要选用任一种时态。

a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.

He believes his dream will come true some day.

b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。

Please tell me what you were doing at this time yesterday.

如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。

a.他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。

He told me he was preparing for the examination.

b.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。

The teacher told us light travels in a straight line.

七、引导名词性从句的关联词if,whether的区别

只能用whether的情况:

1.在表语、主语和同位语从句中只能用whether

eg: Whether he will be back is not known.

There is doubt whether he will be back.

2. whether 后有or not搭配时

eg: I do not know whether he will be back or not. I wonder _______.

A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus

B. if or not Ill catch the last bus

C. that Ill catch the last bus or not

D. that Ill catch the last bus

解析:答案是A。此题考得是wether与if的区别。只有wether才能与 or not搭配,所以排除B和C;此外wonder表示疑问,故选A。

3.whether后跟不定式

eg: He does not know whether to sit down.

4.介词后面用whether

eg: ___Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow?___It depends on whether it will be fine.

4.介词后面跟wether

We haven't settled the question of________it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A.ifB.WhereC.whether D.that

解析:答案:C。所填连词和后面句子一起作介词of的宾语,后面句中有地点状语,故B不正确,作介词的宾语,应用whether。

(作者单位:青海省湟源县第二中学)

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