英语论文怎么写(续二)

Teacher:Welcome to my class.Today we’ll continue the topic of writing scientific paper.

There are two tenses were commonly used in scientific writing: present tense and past tense.In general，the present tense is used for describe established knowledge(including your own published findings)and the past tense is used for theResultsthat you are reporting.Now，I’ll explain how to use them in details:

In the abstract section you’d better describe your investigations in the past tense，introduceMethodsand mainResultsin present tense.In the introduction section we summarise established knowledge so we use the present tense.TheMethodsandResultssection describe what you did and found throughout the study.It’s proper to use past tense.In the discussion section where you compare established knowledge with your own findings，you need alternate between present and past tense.Sometimes even do that in a same sentence.

The last but not the least is do not use words like“maybe”more than once in a sentence.That can drain all forces from the sentence and make it failed in persuasiveness.For example，the sentence“The result of this exploration may indicates a possible discovery of a probably new continent”should be replaced by“Explorers think they discovered a new continent”.In addition，the combination of and/or has no place in scientific writing.That kind of expression disrupts the textual flow.Readers will understand easier through the sentence“The effect of intravenous streptokinase，oral aspirin or both…”but not“The effect of intravenous streptokinase and/or oral aspirin…”

Well，all above are my personal viewpoint.Hope it can help!Goodbye!

老师:大家好!今天我们接着讨论撰写科学论文的话题。

在写科学论文时我们主要用到两种时态:现在时和过去时。通常表述已有知识(包括自己已发表的结果)用现在时;表述文章中报道的结果用过去时。下面我详细的说说这两种时态的用法:

论文的摘要部分表述自己的研究工作用过去时。概述试验方法和主要结果用现在时。前言部分综述前人的研究结果，用现在时。方法和结果部分表述整个研究的过程和结果，用过去时。讨论部分会把你的研究结果和已有的事实做比较，需要交替使用现在时和过去时，有时在一个句子中也可以这样做。

最后还有很重要的一点是，不要在句子中使用两个以上表示“可能性”的词汇，那样会削弱句子的力量，使它缺乏说服力。例如下面这个句子:这次探险的结果可能表明也许有发现一个新大陆的可能。就该写成:“探险家们认为，他们发现了一个新大陆”。此外像“and/or”这样的组合词也不要用在科学论文中。它会妨碍信息的流畅表达。比如，读者会觉得“静脉注射链激酶，口服阿司匹林或者两者共用的效果”比“静脉注射链激酶和/或口服阿司匹林的效果”更好理解。

以上是我的一点个人经验，希望能对大家有所帮助。再见! (续完)

［注释］

present tense:现在时态;past tense:过去时态;abstract section:摘要部分;introduction section:前言部分;discussion section:讨论部分;MethodsandResultssection:方法和结论部分;alternate:交替，轮换;the last but not the least:最后但同样重要的