突破高考英语短文改错

张素红

高考英语短文改错题仅占15分,分数不多但是每一分都很关键,并且一直是考生感到棘手的题型之一。为了帮助考生我从题型特点、错误类型及其解题方法几个方面做以下分析:

一、高考英语短文改错题题型特点

高考英语短文改错题是以篇章为单位, 要求考生有很高的阅读理解能力,考生必须摆脱孤立片面的思维定势,以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。但是高考短文改错题具有“高起点、低落点”的特点,对学生的语言感觉和语言能力要求较高,但改正的错误往往比较简单。很多学生做不好改错题不是因为没有掌握这些语法知识,而是不能通过语感找出错误。所以培养学生有意识地去注意一些高考短文改错的常考题型特点非常重要。

二、高考英语短文改错题错误类型

经过对2000年以来的高考英语短文改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后,发现动词仍是考查的重点,其他词类趋于平均化。

1.动词考查。主要考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致和非谓语动词的使用。

The time passes quickly. Evening came. (2002)passes→passed

High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. (2006)discover→discovered

My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (2001) make前加to

…was very surprised see this when the balloon landed in front of them. (2006) see前加to

Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…(2003) talk→talking

2.名词考查。主要涉及可数与不可数名词以及名词的单复数的误用。

Their word were a great encouragement to me. (2003) word→words

There are advantage for students to work while… (2005) advantage→advantages

3.代词的误用和限制词的搭配

代词涉及人称代词、指示代词、不定代词,主要是代词的格与数的错用和漏用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性等。限制词的搭配主要涉及冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配。

The three of them were very excited.(2002)them→us

Finally, the men threw most of his clothes to save themselves. (2006) his→their

As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of animals and plants. (2002) famous前加a

4.形容词和副词

主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用,以及形容词和副词的误用等。

…a concert can be very excited. (2004)

excited→exciting

The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make their balloon light. (2006)

light→lighter

5.考查上下文的逻辑关系

如but, and, so, however, otherwise, however等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before, after, when, until, since等状语从句引导词的误用等,还有动词、肯定和否定的误用或多用等。

…as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they… (2001-84) and→or

It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(2002-78) noon后加when

So then, a concert costs so much.(2004-82) So→But

I wont be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. (2004)although→because/as

6.固定词组及惯用法的搭配

主要指一些动词词组的介词或副词使用错误

…sisters…in any other words, I am an only child. My parents…(2001-77) 去掉any

Evening came down. (2002-83) 去掉down

The balloon was coming up.(2006-80) up→down

The crowded are waiting for to greet them… ((2006-84)去掉for

to spend on anything as if they please. (2005-81)去掉if

7.数词的误用

主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。

三、高考英语短文改错题的正确的解题方法

短文改错不同于单句改错,其改错的过程是在一个特定的语境下进行的,其中的每一个错误都与上下文息息相关。因此,解题时考生要运用从“篇章着手,了解大意”,到“逐句分析,依行查错”,再到“复读全文、检查核对”三步走的策略。

答题时考生应聚焦以下几点:

1.句中的时态、语态与语篇的行文协调吗?2.非谓语动词的形式正确吗?3.主谓语一致吗?4.各种代词以及one, it, that等在指代关系上的使用正确吗?5.名词的数与格正确吗?6.受母语的影响,although和but、because和so、return 和back、repeat和 again重复使用了吗?7.表示转折并列关系的连词、副词使用正确吗?如:but, and, or, therefore, however的使用。8.固定搭配正确吗?9.冠词的使用正确吗?

总之,改错是一个具有一定难度而且较为复杂的过程,包含内容多,涉及范围广,要做好这种测试题,非下苦功不可。只有通过广泛阅读,反复大量实践,不断提高,才能走出一条成功之道。