冯锦肖秋生 邓梦华 张 斌 张兴胜
参附注射液对急性心源性肺水肿血管外肺水影响的研究*
目的观察参附注射液对急性心源性肺水肿(ACPE)患者血管外肺水(EVLW)的影响。方法60例ACPE患者进行脉搏指示连续心排出量(PiCCO)监测,测定血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)均 >7.0mL/kg;随机分为研究组(A组)与对照组(B组),两组常规给予吸氧、强心、利尿、血管扩张、激素、机械通气等治疗,A组患者予参附注射液60mL/d,以10mL/h静脉泵入。B组患者予0.9%氯化钠注射液;比较两组患者治疗前、治疗后2、24、72h心排指数(CI)、EVLWI的变化。结果治疗前两组患者均出现CI下降,EVLWI升高,两组无明显差异;治疗后2、24h A组患者出现CI上升,EVLWI下降,B组患者无显著性变化;治疗后72h A组患者出现CI明显上升,EVLWI显著下降,B组也出现CI上升,EVLWI下降,但不如A组明显。结论参附注射液可改善ACPE患者心脏功能,降低患者EVLW。
急性心源性肺水肿 血管外肺水 参附注射液
广东省佛山市中医院(佛山528000)
*广东省佛山市卫生局课题(No.2009089)
急性心源性肺水肿 (ACPE)是急性心肌梗死和慢性左心衰竭急性发作的重要并发症,血管外肺水(EVLW)监测是ACPE诊断及鉴别诊断的重要手段,且在EVLW监测指导下的治疗有助于减轻肺水肿,改善心功能及预后[1]。参附注射液是温阳益气、回阳救逆名方,主要成分为人参皂苷和乌头碱,具有抗应激、氧化和心肌缺血等作用,改善心肌组织微循环和提高对缺氧的耐受性以及改善微循环,降低肺动脉高压、扩冠、增加心血排出量、抗休克、改善缺血再灌注等作用[2-4]。本研究旨在观察参附注射液对ACPE患者EVLW的影响。现报告如下。
1.1 临床资料 选择2007年1月-2009年12月间我院ICU收治的60例ACPE患者,其中男性33例,女性27例;年龄37~81岁,平均57.45岁。ACPE的诊断根据患者病史、临床表现、X线胸片和超声心动图检查结果作出。60例患者进行脉搏指示连续心排出量(PiCCO)监测,测定血管外肺水指数 (EVLWI)均>7.0mL/kg,随机分为研究组(A组)与对照组(B组)各30例。两组性别、年龄、病情、原发病等资料(见表1)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
表1 两组患者临床资料比较(n)
1.2 治疗方法 两组常规给予吸氧、强心、利尿、血管扩张、激素等治疗,对低氧血症患者根据病情进行无创正压通气 (NIPPV)或侵入性通气,通气方式持续气道正压(CPAP)、双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP),呼气末正压 (PEEP)为5~7cmH2O。A组患者予参附注射液(雅安三九制药有限公司生产)60mL/d,以10mL/h静脉泵入;B组患者予0.9%氯化钠注射液60mL/d,以10mL/h静脉泵入。自右股动脉置入PiCCO导管(PV2014L16,PUISION公司)接PiCCO监护仪(PHILIP MP60),运用PiCCO法,观察两组患者注射前、注射后2、24、72h 心排指数(CI)、EVWL 的变化。
1.3 统计学处理 应用SPSS 10.0统计软件。计量资料以(±s)表示,采用配对 t检验。
见表2、表3。治疗2h及24h A组患者CI上升,EVLWI下降,B组患者无显著性变化。治疗72h A组患者CI明显上升,EVLWI显著下降;B组CI亦上升,EVLWI下降,但不如A组患者明显。A组患者机械通气时间(20.8±3.5)h,B 组为(21.3±2.9)h,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
表2 两组治疗前后CI比较 [L/(min·m),±s]
表2 两组治疗前后CI比较 [L/(min·m),±s]
与本组治疗前比较,*P <0.05,**P <0.01;与B组治疗后比较,△P < 0.05。下同
n组别A组B组30 30治疗前2.83 ±0.45 2.89 ±0.41治疗后2h 3.28 ±0.55*3.08 ±0.47治疗后24h 3.43 ± 0.42*3.12 ±0.39治疗后72h 3.85 ±0.41**△3.31 ±0.36*
表3 两组治疗前后EVLWI比较 (mL/mg,±s)
表3 两组治疗前后EVLWI比较 (mL/mg,±s)
n组别A组B组30 30治疗前9.93 ± 0.61 9.88 ± 0.67治疗后2h 7.58 ± 0.63*8.15 ± 0.57治疗后24h 7.17 ± 0.66*7.76 ± 0.57治疗后72h 6.01 ±0.45**△7.36 ± 0.52*
ACPE是急性心肌梗死和慢性左心衰竭急性发作的重要并发症,随着PiCCO技术的应用,床旁监测EVLW将为ACPE患者带来越来越多的临床价值[5]。EVLW监测是ACPE诊断及鉴别诊断的重要手段,且在EVLW监测指导下的治疗有助于减轻肺水肿,改善心功能及预后[1]。心功能不全是EVLW增加的根本原因,而改善心功能则是清除EVLW的关键所在[6-7]。本研究显示治疗前两组患者EVLWI比正常值(3~7mL/kg)明显升高,必须采用综合性治疗。及时采取机械通气治疗ACPE能迅速纠正低氧血症,减少患者的EVLW,改善缺氧症状已被较多研究证实[8],参附注射液是人参、附子制成的注射剂,是温阳益气、回阳救逆的经典方剂。研究证实,人参可增加心肌收缩力,并能扩张血管、改善心肌组织微循环和提高对缺氧的耐受性;附子的有效成分去甲乌头碱亦有增加心肌收缩力、抗凝和钙拮抗、增加心血排出量、扩冠的作用[4,9-10]。观察表明,在基础治疗相同情况下,使用参附注射液后研究组患者CI显著性增加,表明参附注射液可提高ACPE患者的心肌收缩力,对心衰患者血液流变学疗效确切[11]。使用参附注射液72h后,EVWLI显著降低,表明参附注射液可改善ACPE患者的肺毛细血管通透性,其主要机制是参附注射液可抑制NO的产生及抗炎效应、清除氧自由基及减轻钙超载,改善肺血管上皮细胞屏障功能,降低肺毛细血管渗漏和EVLW[12]。对照组在72h后一些指标也得到改善,但不如研究组明显,可能的原因是其他综合性治疗措施如吸氧、强心、利尿、血管扩张、激素、液体限制、机械通气等发挥了作用。因而,本研究表明参附注射液可改善ACPE患者心脏功能,降低患者EVLW。
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Effect of Shenfu Injection on Extra Vascular Lung Water in Patients with Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
FENG Jin-fang,XIAO Qiu-sheng,DENG Meng-hua,et al
Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Foshan 528000)
Objective:To investigate the effect of Shefu Injection on extra vascular lung water(EVLW)in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE).Methods60 patients with ACPE detected by pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO)monitor.These patients whose EVLWI were more than 7ml/kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 30 cases in each group.Some routine therapies were given in the two groups such as oxygen inhalation, heart strength, diuresis and so on.The Shenfu Injection with 60mL/d and 10mL/h intravenous were used in the A group.The saline with 60mL/d and 10mL/h intravenous were adopted in the B group.These variations of the CI and the EVLWI in several time points were compared.ResultsBefore these therapies, the CI was decreased and the EVLWI was increased in two groups.There was no obvious difference in two indices.In the 2h and the 24h after treatment, the CI was increased and the EVLWI was decreased in A group.But there were no significant change of these indices in B group.In the 72h after treatment, the CI improvement and the EVLWI reduction were both obvious in A group.Also, these variations in the B group were as the same as the A group.However, these improvements in the B group were not more remarkable than those in the A group.ConclusionThe heart function of the cardiogenic pulmonary edema could be improved by the Shenfu Injection.Moreover,the EVLW of these patients with ACPE could be decreased by it.
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema;Extra vascular lung water;Shenfu Injection
R541.6+3
B
1004-745X(2010)09-1519-02
2010-03-10)