邓坦,王晖,熊源新
(1.遵义师范学院生物系,贵州遵义563002;2.深圳仙湖植物园,广东深圳518004;3.贵州大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550025)
岩下大鲵自然保护区蕨类植物种类较多,但对本区蕨类植物一直未进行过系统的调查和研究,笔者于2007年8月、10月对该保护区蕨类植物进行调查,共采集标本250余号,并对其物种组成进行初步分析,旨在弄清该区蕨类植物的物种组成,为该区域蕨类植物多样性保护与利用提供参考。
岩下大鲵自然保护区位于贵州省黔南最高峰斗蓬山原始森林下的贵定县岩下乡,地理位置东经107°14′23.5",北纬26°35′8.8",海拔1150m;年日照时间677.4~1067.6h,年降水量1100~1200mm,雨量充沛;年平均气温12℃。境内植被为常绿阔叶林;典型的喀斯特岩溶地貌,整体气候温凉湿润[1]。
经统计,在岩下大鲵自然保护区共采集蕨类标本250余号,通过逐一鉴定[2~3],得到蕨类植物26科,55属,117种;此次采集的标本均保存在贵州大学生命科学学院植物标本室(GACP)。
Lycopodiaceae
(1)Lycopodium L.
L.japonicum Thunb.
GD07107、GD07102、GD07170、GD07172
(2)Diphasiastrum Holub
D.complanatum(L.)Holub.GD07111
(3)Palhinhaea Franco et Vasc
P.cernua(L.)Franco et Vasc.GD07108、GD07263
(4)Lycopodiastrum Holub
L.casuarinoides(Spring)Holub.
GD07001、GD07264
Selaginellaceae
(5)Selaginella Beauv.
S.doederleinii Hieron.GD07002、GD07103、GD07113、GD07114、
S.gebaueriana Hand.-Mazz.GD07048
S.heterostachys Bak.
GD07003、GD07104、GD07193
S.moellendorfii Hieron.GD07033、GD07087、GD07115、GD07116
S.nipponica Franch.et Sav.
GD07006、GD07236、GD07254
S.remotifolia Spring.
GD07080、GD07112、GD07118、GD07188
S.uncinata(Desv.)Spring.
GD07008、GD07225、GD07247
S.kouycheensis leveille.GD07009、GD07265
Equisetaceae
(6)Hippochaete Milde.
H.debilis(Roxb.ex Vaucher)Holub.
GD07049、GD07125、GD07130、GD07010、GD07121
H.ramosissima(Desf.)Bǒern.
GD07004、GD07131、GD07167 Osmundaceae
(7)Osmunda L.
O.japonica Thunb.GD07012、GD07138
Plagiogyriaceae
(8)Plagiogyria(Kze.)Mett.
P.euphlebia(Kze.)Mett.
GD07039、GD07206、GD07224
P.rankanensis Hayata.
GD07015、GD07162、GD07226、GD07262 Gleicheniaceae
(9)Dicranopteris Bernh.
D.pedata(Houtt.)Nakaike.
GD07105、GD07207、GD07237
(10)Diplopterygium(Diels)Nakai
D.glaucum(Thunb.ex Houtt.)Nakai.GD07016、GD07135、GD07136
D.maximum(Ching)Ching et H.S.Kung.
GD07106、GD07168、GD07169
Lygodiaceae
(11)Lygodium Sw.
L.japonicum(Thunb.)Sw.
GD07036、GD07251、GD07191、GD07192
Hymenophyllaceae
(12)Mecodium Presl
M.polyanthos(Sw.)Copel.
GD07019、GD07208、GD07211、GD07247
Monachosoraceae
(13)Monachosorum Kze.
M.henryi Christ.GD07020、GD07249
Dennstaedtiaceae
(14)Dennstaedtia Bernh.
D.hirsuta(Sw.)Mett.ex Miq.GD07025
D.scabra(Wall.ex Hook.)Moore.
GD07026、GD07189
(15)Microlepia Presl
M.marginata(Panzer)C.Chr.
GD07027、GD07174、GD07255
M.pseudostrigosa Makino.
GD07021、GD07142、GD07132、GD07133
Lindsaeaceae
(16)Lindsaea Dry.
L.odorata Roxb.GD07031、GD07153
(17)Sphenomeris Maxon
S.chinensis(L.)Maxon.
GD07011、GD07166、GD07173、GD07187
Pteridiaceae
(18)Pteridium Scop.
P.aquilinum(L.)Kuhn var latiusoulum(Desv.)Underw.ex Heller.
GD07032、GD07171、GD07223、GD07256
P.revolutum(Bl.)Nakai.
GD07126、GD07186、GD07137、GD07140
Pteridaceae
(19)Pteris L.
P.gallinopes Ching ex Ching et S.H.Wu
GD07014、GD07190
P.multifida Poir.GD07035、GD07164
P.cretica L.GD07018、GD07117
P.vittata L.GD07005、GD07248
Sinopteridaceae
(20)Aleuritopteris Fée
A.argentea(Gmel.)Fée.
GD07037、GD07120、GD07175、GD07176
(21)Cheilosoria Trev.
C.chusana(Bak.)Ching et Shing.
GD07030、GD07185
(22)Onychium Kaulf.
O.japonicum(Thunb.)Kze.
GD07038、GD07204、GD07238、GD07250
Adiantaceae
(23)Adiantum L.
A.capillus-veneris L.
GD07013、GD07235、GD07184、GD07194
Hemionitidaceae
(24)Coniogramme Fée
C.intermedia Hieron.
GD07041、GD07210、GD07141、GD07142、GD07143
C.rosthornii Hieron.GD07085、GD07127
Athyriaceae
(25)Athyrium Roth.
A.niponicum(Mett.)Hance.
GD07042、GD07216、GD07217、GD07251
A.otophorum(Miq.)Koidz.GD07043
A.wardii(Hook.)Makino.GD07045
(26)Acystopteris Nakai
A.japonica(Luerss.)Nakai.GD07128
(27)Diplazium Sw.
D.subsinuatum(Wall.ex Hook.et Grev)
Tagawa.GD07129、GD07195
(28)Allantodia R.Br.
A.hirtipes(Christ)Ching.
GD07050、GD07204、GD07222、GD07246
A.metteniana(Miq.)Ching.GD07051
Hypodematiaceae
(29)Hypodematium Kze.
H.crenatum(Forssk.)Kuhn.GD07052
Thelypteridaceae
(30)Parathelypteris Ching
P.beddomei(Bak.)Ching.
GD07063、GD07205、GD07260
P.chinensis(Ching)Ching.GD07053
P.glanduligera(Kze.)Ching.GD07055
P.japonica(Bak.)Ching.GD07057
(31)Phegopteris Fée
P.decursive-pinnata(van Hall)Fée.
GD07130、GD07187、GD07245
(32)Pseudophegopteris Ching
P.phyrrhorachis(Kze.)Ching.GD07054
(33)Cyclogramma Tagawa
C.flexilis(Christ)Tagawa.
GD029、GD07219、GD07220、GD07234
(34)Leptogramma J.Sm.
L.scallani(Christ)Ching.GD07058
(35)Pseudocyclosorus Ching
P.tylodes(Kze.)Ching.
GD07007、GD07218、GD07219、GD07252
P.subochthodes(Ching)Ching.GD07056
(36)Cyclosorus Link
C.acuminatus(Houtt.)Nakai ex H.Ito.
GD07040、GD07239
C.parasiticus(L.)Farwell.GD07024
(37)Pronephrium Presl
P.penangianum(Hook.)Holtt.GD07079
P.lakhimpurense(Rosenst.)Holtt.
GD070 GD07059、GD07131、GD07183
Aspleniaceae
(38)Asplenium L.
A.normale Don.GD07062、、GD07210
A.pekinense Hance.GD07044、GD07260
A.prolongatum Hook.GD07063
A.sarelii Hook.GD07132、GD07234
A.trichomanes L.GD07070、GD07228
A.tripteropus Nakai.
GD07061、GD07242、GD07243、GD07257
A.varians Wall.ex Hook.et Grev.
GD07023、GD07196、GD07233
A.wrightii Eaton ex Hook.GD07133
Blechnaceae
(39)Woodwardia Sm.
W.japonica(L.f.)Sm.GD07068
W.unigemmata(Makino)Nakai.
GD07060、GD07182
(40)Struthiopteris Scop
S.eburnean(Christ)Ching.GD07134
Dryopteridaceae
(41)Dryopteris Adans.
D.bissetiana(Bak.)C.Chr.GD07064
D.championii(Benth.)C.Chr.ex ChingGD07073
D.erythrosora(Eaton)O.Ktze.GD07075
D.fuscipes C.Chr.GD07076
D.handeliana C.Chr.GD07135
D.labordei(Christ)C.Chr.GD07081
D.sieboldii(van Houtt ex Mett.)O.Ktze.
GD07086、GD07181
D.tenuicula Matthew.et Christ.
GD07084、GD07147、GD07148
D.varia(L.)O.Ktze.GD07100
(42)Polystichum Roth.
P.acutidens Christ.GD07074、GD07200、GD07230
P.deltodon(Bak.)Diels.GD07065、GD07201
P.excellens Ching.GD07077、GD07180
P.lanceolatum(Bak.)Diels.GD07071
P.makinoi(Tagawa)Tagawa.
GD07136、GD07202、GD07231、GD07259
P.tsus-simense(Hook.)J.Sm.GD07017
(43)Cyrtomium Presl
C.caryotideum(Wall.ex Hook.et Grev.)Presl.
GD07069、GD07154
C.fortunei J.Sm.GD07046
C.macrophyllum(Makino)Tagawa.
GD07137、GD07159、GD07156
(44)Arachniodes Bl.
A.amoena(Ching)Ching.GD07140
A.caudata Ching.GD07141、GD07244
A.chinensis(Rosenst.)Ching.
GD07078、GD07252、GD07253
Aspidiaceae
(45)Ctenitis(C.Chr.)C.Chr.ex Tard.-Blot et C.Chr.
Ct.membranifolia Ching et C.H.Wang.
GD07028、GD07214、GD07158
Polypodiaceae
(46)Polypodiodes Ching.
P.amoena(Wall.ex Mett.)Ching.
GD07143、GD07197、GD07198
(47)Neolepisorus Ching.
N.ovatus(Bedd.)Ching.GD07094
f.deltoideus(Bak.)Ching.GD07095
(48)Lepisorus(J.Sm.)Ching
L.bicolor(Takeda)Ching.GD07096
L.macrosphaerus(Bak.)Ching.
GD07097、GD07177、GD07178
L.obscure-venulosus(Hayata)Ching
GD 07144、GD07083、GD07258
L.thunbergianus(Kaulf.)Ching.
GD07066、GD07145、GD07146
(49)Lepidogrammitis Ching
L.drymoglossoides(Bak.)Ching.
GD07082、GD07149、GD07150
(50)Pyrrosia Mirbel
P.lingua(Thunb.)Farwell.GD07090
P.martini(Christ)Ching.GD07099
P.petiolosa(Christ)Ching.GD07093
P.porosa(Presl)Hovenk.GD07019
P.sheareri(Bak.)Ching.GD07022、GD07203
(51)Phymatopteris Pichi-Serm.
Ph.crenatopinnata(Clarke)Pichi-Serm.
GD07110、GD07124、GD07199
Ph.hastata(Thunb.)Pichi-Serm.
GD07091、GD07160、GD07161
(52)Microsorium Link
M.brachylepis(Bak.)Nakaike.
GD07101、GD07200、GD07088
M.henryi(Christ)C.M.Kuo.
GD07034、GD07221、GD07232、GD07258
(53)Colysis Presl
C.elliptica(Thunb.)Ching.GD07092、GD07240
C.flexiloba(Christ)Ching.GD07089、GD07259
Marsileaceae
(54)Marsilea L.
M.quadrifolia L.GD07047、GD07228
Azollaceae
(55)Azolla Lam.
A.imbricata(Roxb.ex Griff.)Nakai.
GD07079、GD07139、GD07179
经统计,岩下大鲵自然保护区蕨类植物总科数、总属数和总种数分别占贵州省蕨类植物总科数的49.06%、总属数的36.42%和总种数的15.19%。该保护区蕨类植物在7种以上的优势科有6个,分别是鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae有4属21种,水龙骨科Polypodiaceae有8属19种,金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae有8属15种,卷柏科Selaginellaceae有1属8种,铁角蕨科Aspleniaceae有1属8种,蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae有4属7种。7个优势科共有蕨类植物26属78种,占岩下大鲵自然保护区蕨类植物总科数的26.92%,总属数的47.27%,总种数的66.67%,构成该区蕨类植物的主体。
3.1通过对岩下大鲵自然保护区蕨类植物的初步研究,该区共有蕨类植物26科,55属,117种(包括亚种、变种)。
3.2岩下大鲵自然保护区蕨类植物在7种以上的优势科有6个,分别是鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae有4属21种,水龙骨科Polypodiaceae有8属19种,金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae有8属15种,卷柏科Selaginellaceae有1属8种,铁角蕨科Aspleniaceae有1属8种,蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae有4属7种。7个优势科共有蕨类植物26属78种,占岩下大鲵自然保护区蕨类植物总科数的26.92%,总属数的47.27%,总种数的66.67%,构成该区蕨类植物的主体。
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