“这样”谈谈Ｓｏ

吴茂清

每当我们说起英文单词so的时候，在你的脑海中一定会出现“如此”、“因此”、“那么”等中文意思。的确是这样，so可用作形容词、副词和连词，作形容词时，常常译成“真的、不错的”；作副词时，可译作“这样地；像……一样；（……也）正是那样”；若作连词，则可译作“所以；那么”。

一、作形容词，表示“真的”、“不错的”,作表语。如:

I know very well that just isnt so.

我知道的很清楚,那确实不是真的。

1. so通常放在所修饰的形容词、副词之前。如果so修饰“a(an)＋形容词＋名词”时，正确的排列顺序为“so＋形容词+a（an）＋名词”。如：

Ive never seen so interesting a novel.我从来没有看过这么有趣的小说。

注意与such的区别：such常常修饰“a（an）+形容词＋名词”。其排列顺序为“such +a（an）+形容词＋名词”。如：

Ive never seen such a beautiful flower .我从来没见过这么美丽的一朵花。

但还要注意：a, an常常放在such之后；而 no, any, some, all, many等则常常放在such之前。如：

Weve never heard of any such story.

我们从来没有听说过这样的故事。

2. 主语 + do + so

在此句型中，so和动词do连用，可用来替代上文出现过的动宾和动状结构，以避免重复。如：

—Have you hadyour breakfast? 你吃早饭了吗？

—I did so just now.（did so = had my breakfast. ）（动宾结构）我刚刚吃过。

二、作副词

1.意为“这么 、那么、非常”。so常常用在形容词或副词前,作程度状语。如果用于否定句,则是加强语气。如:

Dont speak so loudly.别说得那么大声。

2.意为“太、非常”。用在形容词或副词前,作程度状语,常用在口语中。如:

①The little girl is so excited.小女孩太激动了。

②Thank you so much!非常感谢你!

3.意为“这么、那么、这样”,放在形容词前,作程度状语,常用于肯定句。如:

As you treat me, so I will treat you. 你那样待我，我也那样待你。

4.用在hope, think, tell, suppose, be afraid后面,来代替一个宾语从句，意为“这样”。如:

①—Do you think well win the match? 你认为我们会赢这场比赛吗?

—I hope so. 我希望如此。

②“Didnt you pass the exam?” “Im afraid so.”“难道你没有通过考试?”“恐怕是的。”

另外，so还有一手糊弄人的“绝活”，就让我们一起来看一下吧：

1. so＋系动词（助动词或情态动词）＋另一主语。

这种句型是主谓倒装结构，表示前句所述肯定情况也适用于另一主语。其中so作“也这样；也如此”解。值得注意的是，so后的系动词、助动词或情态动词须同前一句的谓语动词保持一致。如：

—My sister has been to Hong Kong. 我姐姐去过香港。

—So have I.我也去过。

（即：I have been to Hong Kong too.）

又如：

—Annie and Kay often go to work by bike.安妮和凯经常骑自行车去上班。

—So does my mother.我妈妈也一样。

（即：My mother goes to work by bike, too.）

温馨提示：

如果对于不同的人（物）就其前面提及的否定事实进行确认的话，我们常常用“neither+助动词+主语”。此处的neither是副词，常用来代替前面所提到的事。表示“甲不这样，乙也不这样” 。此时第二句要用倒装结构。如：

You are not right, neither am I.你不对，我也不对。

Mike doesnt like the TV play, neither do his parents.迈克不喜欢这部电视剧，他的父母亲也不喜欢。

2. so+主语+助动词。表示乙完全赞同甲的意见，意为“的确如此，真是这样”。在这里的主语是指前一个句子的主语，而后一句的谓语动词要与前句的保持一致。这里的so则相当于certainly indeed。如：

—They have gone to Beijing.他们去北京了。

—So they have.的确如此。（即：They really have gone to Beijing.）

—He studies hard. 他学习很努力。

—So he does. 确实如此。

三、作连词

1.意为“因此、所以”。连接并列句,前一分句表示原因,后一分句表示结果。如:

We were tired, so we went home.我们累了,所以就回家了。

2.意为“使得”,引导一个结果状语从句,相当于so that。如:

The teacher spoke loudly, so we all heard her clearly.老师说得很大,我们都听清楚了。

3.表示“为了”、“以便”,引导一个目的状语从句,相当于so that。例如:

My mother got up early so she could catch the first bus.为了能赶上第一班公共汽车,我妈早早地起床了。

四、与so相关的短语

1.so as to为了、以便 2.so long as只要 3.so far as就……而言

4.so far到目前为止 5.or so 大约 、左右 6.so that以便、为了

五、与so相关的考题写真：

1. Ricky caught a bad cold yesterday;______he had to stay at home. (2007南京)

A. because B. but C. or D. so

2. I was______happy on hearing the good news that I couldnt even fall asleep. (2007四川)

A. too B. so C. such D. much

3.—Jack? I didnt believe he could work it out.

—______, but he really got it right. (2007烟台)

A. So I didnt B. Me too C. Neither did I D. So did I

4.—In recent years, more and more Americans like traveling during holidays.

—______(2007山东济宁)

A. So do we Chinese B. So will we Chinese

C. So we Chinese do D. So we Chinese will

5. Andy worked hard______everything would be ready in time. (2007大连)

A. unless B. so that C. whenever D. even though

6.—Ann has made great progress recently.

—______and______. (2007湖北咸宁)

A. So has she, so have you B. So has she, so you have

C. So she has, so you have D. So she has, so have you

7.—How well Anna dances! I cant believe my eyes.

—______. (2007兰州)

A. So she does B. So does she

C. Neither can she D. So can I

8. Last night I went to bed late,______I am really tired now.（2008长春）

A. so B. or C. but D. yet

9.—I cant do the work all by myself. What about you?

—______. Its impossible for anybody to finish the work all by himself or herself. (2008福建)

A. So can IB. Neither can I C. As well as I

10.—Do you think it will rain tomorrow?

—______. Because farmers need rain very much.(2008黑龙江)

A. I think so B. I hope so C. Im afraid so

11.—Jim wants to take part in the torch relay(火炬接力) of the 2008 Olym-

pic Games.

—______.(2008湖北黄冈)

A. So I doB. So do IC. Neither do I D. Nor do I

12.—Do you think well need a coffee pot?

—I dont drink coffee, and______. Its not necessary. Why not a tea service? (2008山东)

A. so do you B. neither you do

C. so you do D. neither do you

KEYS：1- 6 D B C A B D7-12 A A B B B D