如何做好动词类和定语从句类试题

洪明霞

很多英语学习者花费了很大的精力学习英语，但由于没有掌握英语学习的规律，没有使用良好的学习方法，从而走入了学习误区，结果是学习的时间很长，水平却总不见长。学习中汗水是必不可少的，但掌握学习语言的规律和解题的技巧常常起到事半功倍的效果。

英语动词类试题在高考试卷单项填空题中占较大的比例，考生也很容易失分。做这类试题时，一定要先判断将要选用的动词形式是做什么成分―是谓语还是非谓语？如果是做谓语，就要选用合适的时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等；如果做非谓语，首先要判断它是做谓语之外的什么成分，再根据非谓语在做不同成分时的区别进行判断和选择。

1.Can those ___________________at the back of the classroom hear me? (2008福建卷33)

A.seat B.sit

C.seated D.sat

答案C。本题不能误选A或B，不能以为是can后接动词原形做谓语。本题的谓语是hear，所以根据意思，这儿应该是非谓语动词做定语，修饰主语those。注意：seat做定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语时应该用过去分词seated，不能用现在分词seating。再如：

Please remain ___________________ ; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.(2008辽宁卷31)

A.seating B.seated

C.to seat D.to be seated

答案：B。

2.Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made ___________________in the restaurant.(2008山东卷35)

A.working B.work

C.to work D.worked

答案A。本题不能选C或D。这儿是现在分词做时间状语，相当于when she was working，意思是“露西新工作的报酬是她在餐馆工作时的两倍。”

3.We finished the run in less than half the time ___________________ .(2008江西卷28)

A.allowing B.to allow

C.allowed D.allows

答案C。本题是过去分词做定语，表示被动，意思是“被允许的时间”。不能误选B，不能以为这儿是时间名词后用不定式做定语。time后用不定式作定语时，含义是“做某事的时间”。如：

—Id like Mary to type the report.

—Dont trouble her.She___________________ have no time___________________ it before she leaves.

A.must; to finish B.must; finishing

C.would; to finish D.would; finishing

答案A。

4.He was busy writing a story, only ___________________once in a while to smoke a cigarette.(2008辽宁卷27)

A.to stop B.stopping

C.to have stopped D.having stopped

答案B。分词作状语表示补充说明。不能选A或C。非谓语动词作状语表示意外结果时用不定式，常用only修饰。如：

The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___________________the film stars had left.(2004福建27)

A.to tell B.to be told

C.telling D.told

答案B。

5.I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through.Her brother ___________________on the phone all the time! (2008湖南卷32)

A.was talking B.has been talking

C.has talked D.talked

答案A。不能选D。表示过去某段时间一直进行的动作用过去进行时；一般过去时表示在过去时间发生或完成了的动作。本题的意思是“我昨晚给汉纳打了好几次电话，但一直打不通，因为她弟弟一直在用电话。”

6.By the time he realizes he ___________________into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.(2008山东卷25)

A.walks B.walked

C.has walked D.had walked

答案C。by the time引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成时表示到将来某时已经完成的动作。

7.—Did you go to the show last night?

—Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area ___________________invited.(2008陕西卷15)

A.were B.have been

C.has been D.was

答案D。every…and every…, each…and each…, no…and no…结构作主语用单数谓语。

做从句类试题时应该先判断是什么从句，再根据各个连词引导不同从句的用法进行选择。切忌不知道是何种从句就麻木选择而导致失误。做定语从句试题时要判断关系词在从句中做何种成分，如果关系词做的是主语、宾语、表语、定语则选关系代词，如果是做状语则选关系副词。

8.The Science Museum, ___________________we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.(2008江苏卷24)

A.which B.what

C.that D.where

答案A。关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。不能选B，不能以为what可以做宾语就误选B，因为what只能引导名词性从句，而这里是非限制性定语从句。D选项不正确是因为where引导定语从句时是关系副词，定语从句中visit是及物动词，它需要宾语。

9.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ___________________consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西卷35)

A.where B.when

C.who D.which

答案A。where(=in which)引导定语从句，修饰cases，在从句中做状语。不是修饰readers，所以不能选C。

10.Occasions are quite rare___________________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.(2008山东卷26)

A.who B.which

C.why D.when

答案D。when引导定语从句表示时间，修饰occasions(a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened), when在从句中作状语。定语从句有时与先行词会被分隔开来，要注意辨认。

11.For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ___________________New York is an example.(2008四川卷4)

A.for which B.in which

C.of which D.from which

答案C。关系代词前加什么介词，要看关系代词与从句中相关名词之间的关系，或者看关系代词与先行词之间的关系。本题根据意思是看与an example之间的关系，指“纽约是没有空间继续发展的实例之一”，which指的是整个主句there is no room to spread out further这件事。又如：

We went through a period___________________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.(2008上海卷38)

A.which B.whose

C.in which D.with which

答案C。

12.Ill give you your friends home address, ___________________I can be reached most evenings.(2008北京卷28)

A.which B.when

C.whom D.where

答案D。定语从句中谓语用了被动语态can be reached，故不需要宾语，不选A，而选关系副词where做地点状语。

13.The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ___________________spoken in England.(2008全国I卷33)

A.which B.what

C.that D.the one

答案C。that用来替代上文出现的表示特指意义的名词。本题不能选A或B，是因为which与what都必须引导从句，而spoken是过去分词，不能做谓语。spoken在这里做的是定语，修饰that。おお