高考易混时态巧辨析

张素霞

1. 一般现在时和现在进行时

一般现在时常用于指经常性、习惯性的动作，往往带有长久的含义；而现在进行时则表示此刻或近一段时间正在进行的动作，往往带有暂时的含义。例如：

He lives in Shanghai. 他住在上海。（长久住在上海，但说话时不一定在上海）

He is living in Shanghai. 他现在住在上海。（暂时住在上海，但不一定长久住在上海）

—Bob must be very wealthy.

—Yes, he earns more in one day than I do in a week.

Listen to the two girls by the window. What language are they speaking?

【练一练】

① I____ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.

A. will play B. have played

C. played D. play

② —Is this raincoat yours?

—No, mine____behind the door.

A. hangs B. is hung

C. hung D. is hanging

③ The machine_____. It hasnt worked for years.

A. is not working B. didnt work

C. wasnt working D. doesnt work

2. 一般过去时和过去进行时

一般过去时往往表示一个已经完成的动作或过去习惯性的动作；而过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，具有持续和未完成的含义。例如：

I was quickly getting used to that kind of life. 我正在迅速地适应那种生活。（还在适应中）

I quickly got used to that kind of life. 我已习惯那种生活了。（已经适应了）

He rang the bell six times. (谈论过去多次重复的动作或习惯性的动作用一般过去时)

My watch was going at 6:00 but now it has stopped.

当表示在一个历时较长的动作进行过程中发生了较短动作时，较长的动作用过去进行时表示，较短的动作用一般过去时表示。例如：

Linda was dancing, but when she saw me she stopped.

I broke a glass while I was cooking the dinner.

【练一练】

① Shirley____a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.

A. wrote B. had written

C. was writing D. would write

② —Have you heard that passengers are required to be examined?

—Yeah. I____about it in a newspaper.

A. had read B. would read

C. read D. will read

③ —Have you decided yet?

—Yes, I____at once.

A. have decided B. will decide

C. decided D. had decided

④ Lincoln had just gone out of his carriage, and____to the entrance of the theatre when a loud call came from behind. He turned and was shot.

A. walked B. had walked

C. was walking D. had been walking

⑤ I____along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_____.

A. went; was occurring

B. went; ocurred

C. was going; occurred

D. was going; had occurred

3. 一般过去时与现在完成时

二者所表示的动作均发生在过去。一般过去时仅指动作在过去发生了，对现在没有影响；现在完成时的动作虽发生在过去，但影响到现在。例如：

We havent met our new neighbours yet, so we dont know their names.(过去没见，故现在不知名字)

—I hear you have an experience in the Royal Air Force. Is that true?

—Yes. I served in the Royal Air Force for six years.(过去的经历)

Danny has worked hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.

如果有与现在时间没有联系的具体的表示过去的时间状语时，就要用一般过去时或过去进行时。例如：

I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I went there several years ago.

—Have you found your pen yet?

—Yes. I found it when I emptied my drawer.

I saw Jane and her boy friend in the park at 8：00 yesterday evening.

【练一练】

① He____abroad for ten years and now he is used to the life in Beijing.

A. has lived B. had lived

C. lived D. was living

② The price____but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. was brought down

B. went down

C. has been brought down

D. has been gone down

③ It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931)____the worlds leading inventor for sixty years.

A. would be B. has been

C. was D. had been

④ —Impossible. She____TV with me in my home then.

A. watched B. had watched

C. would watch D. was watching

⑤My friend went to Canada two years ago. He____there for a few months and then went to America.

A. was living B. had lived

C. was living D. lived

4. 一般过去时和过去完成时

二者参照的时间不同。一般过去时通常指相对于现在的过去；过去完成时指过去的过去。例如：

He tried several times. (相对现在而言)

He said he had tried at least three times.（try在said这个过去的动作之前）

They became friends again that day. Until then, they had not spoken to each other for nearly two years.

【练一练】

① In 1960, I____her for 10 years; I

____her for the first time in 1950.

A. knew; met

B. had known; had met

C. knew; had met

D. had known; met

② John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he____for the wedding.

A. will plan B. has planned

C. would plan D. had planned

③ The flowers were so lovely that they

_____in no time.

A. sold B. had been sold

C. would sell D. were sold

5. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时

二者区别不太明显，都表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，一般情况下可互换。例如：

He has lived here since the 1980s.

He has been living here since the 1980s.

现在完成时常常用来表示完成的概念，说明某一动作刚刚完成，或者谈论动作的结果。现在完成进行时则强调活动的延续性。例如：

I haven been reading your book. (I havent finished it yet.)

I have read your book.(I have fininshed reading it.)

Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she has been studying English for a year.

【练一练】

① We____on it for several hours but we havent yet reached any conclusion.

A. work

B. are working

C. have been working

D. had been working

② There isnt any milk in the fridge.

?

A. Was it all finished

B. Has it all finished

C. Has it all been finished

D. Did it all finish

③I____Miss Huggins for several years. I____her latest novel but I havent finished it.

A. knew; read

B. have known; have read

C. have known; have been reading

D. knew; was reading

6. will 和be going to

现在已有迹象表明将要发生某事或即将发生某种情况时用be going to。例如：

George is putting on weight. He is going to be quite fat.

Look at the black clouds. It is going to rain.

如果是事先考虑过的，即说话时刻之前已经考虑过的将要发生的事，要用be going to，如果不是事先考虑过的，即说话时刻才作出的决定，要用will表示，它多用于一方听到另一方的话后做出的反应。例如：

—I am catching the 7:00 train.

—So am I. I will give you a lift to the station.

【练一练】

① —Did you tell Peter that youd already got a job?

—Oh, no. I forgot. I____her now.

A. am going to call B. will call

C. call D. am calling

② Good heavens!I must hurry. It is

8:00 and I____be late.

A. am going to B. will

C. would be D. am

7. 时态的一致性

一般现在时可在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来时间，此时不用将来时态。但宾语从句不受此限制。例如：

Ｙou wont succeed unless you work hard.

I think it is necessary for my son to have his mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he will come home for dinner.

主句为现在时，宾语从句可以用各种时态；主句为过去时，宾语从句用过去的各种时态。例如：

He told me that he would be taken to Beijing by his father.

Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she was doing.

【练一练】

① Send my regards to your parents when you____home next time.

A. wrote B. will write

C. have written D. write

②As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when____and see him.

A. you come B. will you come

C. do you dome D. you will come

③He was hoping to go abroad but his parents____that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.

A. have decided B. was deciding

C. decided D. will decide

④What we used to think impossible now

_____possible.

A. was B. will be

C. has been Ｄ． is

Keys: 1. ①D②D③D2. ①C②C③C④C⑤C3. ①C②C③C④D⑤D4. ①D②D③D5. ①C②C③C6. ①B②A7. ①D②D③A④D