也谈ｔｏｏ ｍａｎｙ，ｔｏｏ ｍｕｃｈ和ｍｕｃｈ ｔｏｏ

尹继友

too many，too much和much too的意义和用法是不同的。要区分它们，关键要看其中心词。 too many中的too是修饰词，many是中心词； too much中的too是修饰词，much是中心词； much too中的much是修饰词，too是中心词。因此，在使用时只需要考虑后一个词的用法就足够了。下面分述如下：

too many的用法与many相同，用来修饰复数可数名词。例如：

Hes got too many questions to ask you. 他有很多问题要问你。

They bought too many eggs yesterday. 昨天他们买了太多的鸡蛋。

too much的用法与much相同，用来修饰不可数名词。例如：

We both have too much work to do. 我们俩都有很多工作要做。

She spent too much money on clothes. 她花太多的钱买衣服。

The teacher told him not to spend too much time playing games. 老师叫他不要花太多的时间玩游戏。

Im afraid that Ive given you too much trouble. 恐怕我太麻烦你了。

另外，too much还可用作宾语，也可在句中用作状语。例如：

Youve given me too much. 你给我的太多了。

I have too much to do every day，so I am very busy. 我每天都有很多事情要做，所以我很忙。

Dont eat too much. 不要吃得太多。

He talked too much at the meeting，didnt he？他在会上讲得太多了，是吗？

much too的用法与too(副词)相同，用来修饰原级形容词或副词。例如：

Youre walking much too fast. Slow down. 你走得太快了，慢点。

Im afraid that this cap is much too big for me. 这顶帽子我戴恐怕太大了。

Its much too cold outside. Youd better put on your overcoat. 外面太冷了，你最好把大衣穿上。

The sweater is very beautiful，but its much too dear. 这件毛衣很漂亮，但太贵了。

These shoes are much too big for me. 这些鞋子我穿起来太大了。

区别too much和much too时，还需要了解词类与句子成分之间的对应关系。

too much中的much可用作形容词，其基本意义是“多”。 too much的意义是“过多的、过量的”，常常用来修饰不可数名词。例如：

I have too much homework to do today. 今天我的家庭作业太多了。

He eats too much meat. 他吃太多的肉。

The homework is too much for the children. 孩子们的家庭作业太多了。

much也可用作副词，常常用来修饰动词以及形容词、副词的比较级。 too用来修饰much。 例如：

The boy is too much taller than his brother. 这男孩比他兄弟高得太多了。

She talks too much. 她说话太多。

much too中的much是副词，用来修饰too，much too的意思是“太，非常”，用来修饰形容词、副词的原级，但不能修饰形容词、副词的比较级，也不能修饰名词。例如：

1. They came here much too late. 他们到这里的时间太晚了。

2. They work much too hard. 他们工作太辛苦了。

【跟踪练习】

1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was_______ to carry all the way home.

A. much too heavy B. too much heavy

C. heavy too much D. too heavy much

2. —Do you need any help，Lucy？

—Yes. The work is_______ for me to do.

A. much too B. too much

C. too many D. not more than

3. We always keep_______ spare paper，in case we run out of it.

A. too much B. a number of

C. plenty of D. too many many

4. Oh，boy，you are killing_______ time this way. Cant you find something worth doing at all？

A. too B. much too C. too much D. too many

Key：1-4 ABCC