不定冠词的位置

周育杰

一般而言，冠词与名词连用时，总是置于名词之前。如果名词有形容词修饰，冠词常放于形容词之前，但是有些情况比较特殊。下面试结合近年经典高考题来总结一下高中阶段易错的涉及到冠词的位置的用法。

一.不定冠词的位置

1.位于下列形容词之后：such，what，many，half，not，much等。例如

How did you make such a mistake? 你怎么会犯这样的错误?

What a pity!真遗憾!

What a lovely day! 多好的天气啊!

Ive been there many a time.我到过那儿多次了。

Not a person was there.那儿没有一个人。

如果有形容词修饰时，应放在形容词之前。例如：

Too much of a good thing.好事过头反成坏事。

She is such a good teacher that all the students like and respect her.她是如此好的一个老师以至于所有的学生都喜欢和尊敬她。

2.当名词前的形容词被副词as，so，too，how，however，enough等词修饰时，不定冠词应放于形容词之后。例如：

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.这是我度过的最高兴的一天。

so short a time 如此短的时间。

too long a distance太长的距离。

This is too difficult a problem.这是一个非常困难的问题。

I know how great a labor he had undertaken.我知道他从事的是多么艰巨的劳动。

However cold a day it is，we will go there.不管多么冷的一天，我们都将去那儿。

3.quite，rather与单数名词连用时，冠词放在其后，但是当rather，quite后仍有形容词时不定冠词放在其前后皆可。例如：quite a lot 非常多。

The earth shook quite a while.地球抖动了好大一会儿。

She is quite / rather a woman.她是一个很了不起的女人。

It was quite / rather a hot day.

It was a quite / rather hot day.当时天气相当热。

This is quite a useful dictionary.= This is a quite useful dictionary.这是一本相当有用的字典。

4.当带形容词的名词词组之前又有副词hardly，scarcely，barely，exactly时，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，冠词要放在上述副词之后，形容词之前。例如：

This is hardly / scarcely a right thing to do.做这种事情根本不对。

5.如果一个名词被比较级修饰，冠词通常也放在后面。例如：

A science is more than a large amount of information on some subject.一门科学不只是有关某学科的大量资料。

不过不定冠词也经常放在more，less，better等比较级前。例如：

He is a more diligent student than his cousin is.他是个比他表弟更勤奋的学生。

6.在as，though引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放于形容词后。例如：

Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes.他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。

二.定冠词的位置。

1.定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。例如：

All the students in the class went out.班里所有学生都出去了。

Both the boys have been to London.两个男孩都去了伦敦。

The river is five times the width of that one.这条河是那条河的五倍宽。

I offered him double the amount，but he still refused.我给他双倍的钱，但他还是不接受。

注意：both 后的定冠词常可省去。例如：

They decided to sign both (the) papers.他们决定两个文件都签。

all 后是否用定冠词由冠词的一般规则决定。例如：All children have to go to school one day.所有孩子有一天都得上去上学。(表类指)

All the children of the boarding school were in bed.寄宿学校的全体孩子都睡了。(表特指)

2.最高级可用序数词，much，by far，nearly，almost等词修饰，此时定冠词的位置依情况而定。例如：

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.太平洋是世界上最大的大洋。

I like the film the very best / much the best.我最喜欢这部电影。

【及时巩固练习】

1.(2001全国) It is generally believed teaching is________ it is a science.

A.an art much as B.much an art as

C.as an art much as D.as much an art as

2.(2002上海春季)________ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.

A.How interesting

B.How an interesting

C.What an interesting

D.What interesting an

3.(2004上海) At a rough estimate，Nigeria is________ Great Britain.

A.three times the size as

B.the size three times of

C.three times as the size of

D.three time the size of

4.(2003上海) We were in________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.

A.a rush so anxious

B.a such anxious rush

C.so an anxious rush

D.such an anxious rush

5.(2004上海春招) I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is________ than John.

A.more efficient a worker

B.a more efficient worker

C.more an efficient worker

D.a worker more efficient

6.Qingdao is________ most beautiful city in summer.

A.the B./ C.a D.one

7.Jim is not quite ________ as his sister.

A.good as a student B.so good a student

C.as a good student D.so a good student

8.This is________ those made in Chang Chun.

A.a truck as good as B.as a truck as good

C.so good a truck as D.a good as truck as 9.(98上海题) It is________work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.

A.so unusual B.such unusual

C.such an unusualD.so an unusual

10.(92上海)________ box can not be lifted by a boy of five.

A.So a heavy B.So heavy a

C.A such heavy D.Such heavy a

及时巩固练习答案：

1.D 2.C

3.D 4.D

5.B 6.C

7.B 8.A

9.C 10.B ★