许 梅
1. Where would you prefer to live? 你更喜欢住在哪里?
prefer作动词,表示“更喜欢,宁可”,用法如下:
(1)prefer后面跟名词、动名词或动词不定式,表示两者中“更喜欢某物/更喜欢做某事”。例如:
——Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? 咖啡和茶,你更喜欢哪个?
——I prefer coffee. 我更喜欢咖啡。(跟名词)
He prefers playing ping-pong. 他更喜欢打乒乓球。(跟动名词)
She prefers to live in the small village. 她更喜欢在小村庄居住。
(跟动词不定式)
(2)prefer sb. to do sth.表示“宁愿让某人做某事”。例如:
His mother prefers him to take part in the match.
他母亲宁愿让他去参加比赛。
We prefer you to go with us tomorrow.
我们宁愿你明天跟我们一起去。
(3)句型prefer…to…表示“喜欢……胜过……”,可以连接两个名词或动名词,表示“喜欢某物/做某事胜过某物/做某事”。例如:
They prefer Chinese food to western food. 他们喜欢中餐胜过西餐。
Mona prefers watching TV to listening to the radio.
莫娜喜欢看电视胜过听收音机。
(4)句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.表示“宁可做某事,而不愿做另外的事”。例如:
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁可待在家里,也不愿出去。
She prefers to do her homework rather than play with them.
她宁可做功课,也不愿跟他们玩。
(5)句型would prefer doing sth.表示“宁可做某事”,后面用动名词,这里d是would的缩写。例如:
I would prefer staying at home in rainy days.
下雨天我宁可待在家里。
Id prefer living in a large city. 我宁可住在大城市里。
2. Well, I must say Id rather live in a traditional siheyuan.
那么,我必须说我宁愿生活在一个传统的四合院。
would rather表示“宁愿”,用法如下:
(1)句型would rather do sth.表示“宁可/宁愿做某事”,后面的动词要用原形。它的否定句是would rather not do sth.,表示“宁可不/宁愿不做某事”。这里d是would的缩写形式。例如:
I would rather read a long novel at home.
我宁愿待在家里看一本长篇小说。
Theyd rather not tell him the truth. 他们宁可不告诉他真相。
——Would you like to stay for more while? 你再多待一会儿吧?
——Id rather not; I have to leave now. 不了,我必须现在走。
(2)句型“would rather+陈述句”,表示“宁愿……”,后面的从句通常用过去时态。用一般过去时,表示将要发生或正要发生的事情;用过去完成时,表示一种虚拟语气,与事实相反。试比较:
I would rather you passed the exam. 我宁愿你通过考试。(将要发生的动作)
I would rather you had passed the exam. 我宁愿你已经通过考试了。(事实上没有通过)
(3)句型would rather…than…连接两个动词原形,表示“宁可……,也不……;宁愿……,而不愿……”。例如:
I would rather walk there than take a bus.
我宁愿走到那儿,而不愿坐公共汽车。
The young man would rather die than betray his motherland.
那个年轻人宁可死,也不愿背叛祖国。
3. I wouldnt feel happy living in a block of apartments. 住在筒子楼里我感觉不会高兴。
(1)wouldnt feel happy doing sth.表示“不喜欢或不愿意做某事”,happy后面用动名词。例如:
I wouldnt feel happy shopping alone. 我不喜欢独自去购物。
He wouldnt feel happy going to the concert. 他不喜欢去听音乐会。
(2)a block of作量词,表示“一群”,后面跟可数名词的复数形式。例如:
I can see a block of goats grazing in the grass.
我看见一群山羊正在草地上吃草。
Blocks of tall buildings are standing in the city.
楼群在城市里伫立着。
We were held up by a block of cows. 我们被一群牛挡住了去路。
4. They wanted their building constructed in a way to look unnatural. 他们想让他们的建筑以一种看起来非自然的方式去建筑。
want sth. done和want sb. to do sth.的用法区别:want sth. done表示“想让某事被做”,过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动关系,即宾语是动作的承受者。例如:
Mr Johnson wants his car repaired this afternoon.
今天下午约翰逊先生想把车拿去修理。
They wanted their house built at the end of this year.
他们想让房子在今年年底建成。
want sb. to do sth.表示“想让某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示主动关系,即宾语是动作的执行者。例如:
His parents want him to become a doctor in the future.
他父母想让他将来成为一名医生。
5. Both in the choice of materials and shape of buildings, ancient architecture stands much closer to nature. 在建筑的材料和形状选择方面,古建筑更接近大自然。
in the choice of…表示“在……的选择上”;in the shape of…表示“在……的形状上”。例如:
We should be careful in the choice of friends. 我们应该谨慎交友。
She made a heart in the shape of cake. 她把蛋糕做成心形。
6. A is to B what C is to D. A对B而言,正如C对D一样。
这是一个比喻句,其中what在这里表示“正如,好像”。例如:
Air is to man what water is to fish.
空气对人而言正如水对鱼一样。
Family is to man what country is to family.
家对人而言正如国家对家一样。
A net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.
渔网对渔民来说正如猎枪对猎人一样。
7. Once an important army factory in Beijing, Factory 798 was designed by East German architects and built with Russian help in the early 1950s. 798厂,曾经是北京的一座重要的军工厂,于20世纪50年代初在俄罗斯的帮助下由东德建筑师设计而成的。
in the early 1950s意为“在20世纪50年代初”,不管是世纪还是年代,前面都要加定冠词the,介词用in。
(1)世纪的表达法:
直接表达法:在序数词后面加century“世纪”。例如:the 17th century“17世纪”。
间接表达法:直接在年份后面加s或s,但理解时应该往后1世纪,这与汉语相同。例如:the 1900s “20(19+1)世纪”;the 2000s“21(20+1)世纪”。
(2)年代的表达法:年代指特定的十年。例如:the 1930s “20世纪30年代”(指1930到1939年这十年); the 2020s“21世纪20年代”(指2020到2029年)。
8. They are decorated with small round windows that remind you of ships, bent roofs and twenty-foot high walls of glass that make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period. 它们装饰着小圆窗,这能让你联想到轮船,穹顶和高20英尺的玻璃墙,这使它们与同时期的其他建筑相比显得别具一格。
(1)remind作动词,表示“提醒,使想起”,常用词组remind sb. of/about sth.,表示“让某人想起某事”,或“提醒某人某事”。例如:
The song reminds me of my childhood.
这首歌让我想起了我的童年。
His father always reminds him of his homework.
他父亲总是提醒他做功课。
常用词组remind sb. to do sth.表示“提醒某人做某事”。例如:
My mother reminds me to get home early. 我母亲提醒我早点回家。
(2)句中when compared with…为过去分词作状语,表示被动,完整的表达是when they are compared with…。
9. Practise expressing intention. 练习表达目的。
(1)intention作名词,表示“打算,目的,意图”。例如:
What is your intention?
你的意图是什么?
He has no intention of marrying yet.
他还没有要结婚的打算。
(2)其动词形式是intend,表示“意欲,打算,意思是”,后跟名词、动名词、动词不定式或从句。例如:
I intend to finish reading this novel tonight. 我打算今晚读完这部小说。
They intend visiting the science museum on Wednesday afternoon.
他们打算周三下午参观科学博物馆。
She intended that he did it.
她打算让他做这件事。
10. Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 另外,无论一首诗翻译得多好,原作中的某些精华也难免会消失。
本句中no matter how引导状语从句,相当于however。“no matter+疑问词”,如what, how, who, when, where等,表示“无论什么,无论怎样,无论谁,无论何时,无论何地”等,后接形容词、副词、不定式或句子。例如:
No matter what he explains, nobody can understand him. 不管他怎么解释都没人能理解他。
No matter how difficult it is, he still keeps doing it. 不管这件事有多困难,他还是坚持去做。
Dont open the door no matter who comes. 不管谁来,都别开门。
11. I used to avoid poetry until an e-pal told me I should recite poems and not look up the meaning of the words. 以前我不喜欢诗歌,直到我的一个网友告诉我,我应该背诵诗歌,而不必非要弄懂意思。
(1)used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”,只用于一般过去时态。例如:
My mother used to tell us stories.
我母亲过去常常给我们讲故事。
David used to play golf. 戴维过去常常打高尔夫球。
used to do的否定式可以直接在used的后面加not,缩写成usednt to do…,也可以用助动词didnt,构成didnt use to do…,表示“过去不常做某事”。例如:
I usednt (didnt use) to go there. 我过去不常去那里。
He used to drink, usednt/didnt he? 他过去常常喝酒,不是吗?
[注意]类似的短语be used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”。
(2)avoid作动词,表示“避免,防止,避开”,后面跟名词、代词或动名词。例如:
To avoid illness, you should do some sports.
为了防止疾病,你应该做些运动。
We cant avoid meeting him. 我们避免不了要遇见他。
Are you trying to avoid me? 你是不是想躲开我?
12. Ask your teacher to recommend poems to you. 让你的老师给你推荐一些诗。
(1)recommend作动词,表示“推荐,介绍,赞评”,后面可以跟名词、代词、动名词或从句。常用词组为recommend for/as sth.。例如:
Can you recommend a good book to me?
你能给我介绍一本好书吗?
She recommended using this method. 她建议使用这种方法。
She was strongly recommended for the post.
她被极力推荐担任这个职务。
(2)recommend还意为“建议”,在接从句时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”形式,其中should可以省略。例如:
I recommend that you have a walk after dinner.
我建议你晚饭后散步。
13. Reading poems takes a bit of work, but it is well worth the effort. 读诗需要付出一些劳动,但是你会有很大的收获。
(1)词组be worth (doing) sth.表示“值,价值/值得做某事”。例如:
——How much is the shirt worth? 这件衬衣值多少钱?
——It is worth 50 yuan. 值50元。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
(2)effort作名词,表示“努力,成就”。常用短语make an effort或make efforts,表示“努力,尽力”;without an/any effort“毫不费力地”。例如:
Thats a pretty good effort. 那是很大的成绩。
He made an effort to climb the big tree. 他尽力爬上那棵大树。
14. Collect your favourite poems in a notebook and ask your friends to contribute to it. 收集一些你最喜爱的诗,写到笔记本上,并且请求你的朋友们投稿。
contribute作动词,常与to连用,表示“为……作贡献,有助于……”,后面跟名词。它的名词形式是contribution,意为“贡献,捐助”。例如:
They contributed food and clothing for the poor.
他们向穷人捐赠食品和衣物。
We should try our best to contribute to our country.
我们应尽力为我们的国家做贡献。
The scientist made a contribution to his country.
这个科学家为他的祖国做了贡献。