八年级（上）Ｕｎｉｔｓ１—２相似词语辨与练

杨开成

1. hard, hardly

hard与hardly这两个副词形式上很接近，但意义上相差甚远。hard可用作形容词或副词。用作形容词时意为“困难的，硬的，勤奋的，严厉的，苛刻的”；用作副词时，意为“努力地，猛烈地，剧烈地”。hardly是副词，意为“简直不能”，多和can连用，接近almost not；也可表示“几乎没有”的意思，常和any连用，接近almost no。

a. Steel is ____ than wood.

b. He can ____ write a letter in English.

c. Tom is a ____ student.

d. It was raining ____ at that time.

e. Theres ____ any paper left.

答案：a. harder b. hardly c. hard d. hard e. hardly。

2. no, not

no可用作形容词，也可用作副词。not只可用作副词。no用作形容词，可直接置于名词前面。no后面的名词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但有时应依实际情况而定。如果名词前已有a, the, his, much, any等词时，则应该在这些词前面用not。

a. I have ____ much time.

b. There are ____ classes this afternoon.=There are not any classes this afternoon.

c. There is ____ tea in the cup.=There is not any tea in the cup.

d.They are ____playing basketball now.

e. I have ____ radio(s).

f. That dog has ____ tail.

答案：a. not b. no c. no d. not e. no f. no。

3. a lot, a lot of

a lot和a lot of都可以作“许多”解。a lot可以用作名词，在句子中充当宾语，也可以用作副词，修饰动词或用来修饰比较级。a lot作副词用时，也可作“非常，特别”解，用作程度状语，相当于very much。a lot of后接名词，既可接可数名词，又可接不可数名词，多用于肯定句中。在疑问句和否定句中常用many或much代替a lot of。

a. John has ____ friends.

b. We have ____ to do today.

c. He works ____ at home.

d. There is ____ meat in the shopping basket.

e. She is ____ cleverer than I am.

f. Mary likes bananas ____.

答案：a. a lot of b. a lot c. a lot d. a lot of e. a lot f. a lot。

4. be good at, be good to, be good for

be good for意为“对……有益处（好处）”，对应的短语是be bad for，意为“对……有害”；be good to 意为“对……友善（好）”，相当于be friendly to；be good at意为“擅长；在……方面做得好”。

a. Doing morning exercises ____ our health.

b. Jack ____ always ____ me.

c. Marys brother ____ maths.

答案：a. is good for b. is…good to c. is good at。

5. ago, before

这两个词都作“以前”解。ago是副词，表示从现在算起的若干时间以前，谓语动词常用过去时。before可以用作介词，后面接某点时间。before也可以用作副词(如在a few days before短语中)，通常表示从过去某时刻算起的若干时间以前，谓语动词常用过去完成时。before可用在现在完成时、一般过去时的句子里，不伴有具体的时间而单独使用，表示笼统、不明确的“以前”。before还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。

a. Ive read the book ____.

b. I bought my first bike two years ____.

c. I met that man ____.

d. We saw the film five days ____.

e. Please come to see me ____ six oclock.

f. When we finally got there, they had left an hour ____.

g. What did your sister do ____ she joined the army?

答案：a. before b. ago c. before d. ago e. before f. before g. before。

6. diet, food

两者都可作“食物”解。diet指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。diet既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。表示病人的特殊饮食时是可数名词。food是一般用语，凡能吃喝的具有营养的东西都可称food。food泛指“食物”时是不可数名词；表示“一种食物”或“多种食物”时是可数名词。

a. Does he like English ____?

b. Proper ____ and exercise are both important to health.

c. The doctor has ordered me a special ____.

d. The ____ that you buy in hamburger restaurant are high in fat, sugar and salt.

答案：a. food b. diet c. diet d. foods。

7. a few, a little, few, little

few和a few用于修饰可数名词复数。few具有否定意味，表示“很少”或“几乎没有”；而a few具有肯定的意味，表示“一些”，“有一些”。注意，not afew=no few=quite a few=many；few受every, last, next, some, very等词修饰时，表示的是肯定意义，few前不再用冠词。little和a little用于修饰不可数名词。little具有否定意味，表示“很少”或“几乎没有”；而a little具有肯定的意味，表示“一些”，“有一点”。注意，a little还常用来修饰形容词、副词及其比较级，也可以修饰动词。

a. ____ people liked taking trains at that time.

b. Look!Youve made ____ mistakes in your homework.

c. In the last ____ minutes, he checked up his paper again.

d. He goes to the countryside to see his grandmother every ____ weeks.

e. Hurry up!We have ____ time left.

f. ——How much wine did he drink last night?

——Just ____.

g. School ended ____ earlier today than usual.

h. All of them felt ____ tired, so they stopped to have a rest.

答案：a. Few b. a few c. few d. few e. little f. a little g. a little h. a little。

8. too much, much too

too much和much too在形式上相近，但用法不一样。too much作“太多”解，可用作名词词组、形容词词组，修饰不可数名词和副词词组，修饰动词。much too意为“太、非常”，常用作副词词组，修饰形容词或其它副词。

a. It was ____ hot yesterday.

b. Dont ask ____.

c. I have ____ work to do today.

d. Dont speak ____.

e. The old man walked ____ slow.

答案：a. much too b. too much c. too much d. too much e. much too。