王治平
我们都知道,表示人或事物名称的词叫做名词。根据名词的可数性,英语中的名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。
一、可数名词具有以下特点:
1.可数名词有单、复数之分。如:one desk, two chairs, many birds等。
2.可数名词可以直接用不定冠词a/an、数词或many, some, any, a lot of, lots of等修饰。如:an apple, three pictures, some students等。
3.单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
There is a pen on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔。
There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有一些学生。
4.在特殊疑问句中,用how many修饰可数名词。如:
How many kilos of meat would you like? 你要几公斤肉?
How many students are there in your class? 你们班上有多少学生?
二、不可数名词具有以下特点:
1.不可数名词没有复数形式。如不能说a meat, two milks, many breads等。
2.不可数名词前不能用不定冠词、数词或many, a few, several (几个) 等词修饰;但可以用 some, any, much, a little, a lot of等词修饰。如:
He wants to buy some bread for supper. 他想要买些晚饭吃的面包。
There is a little tea in the glass. 杯子里有点儿茶。
3.不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The meat is on the table. 肉在桌上。
There isnt much food in the fridge. 冰箱里没有太多的食物了。
4.在特殊疑问句中,用how much修饰不可数名词。如:
How much meat would you like? 你想要多少肉?
How much rice is there in the bag? 袋子里有多少大米?
三、有些名词既可用作可数名词,又可用作不可数名词,使用时要注意辨别。如:
fish鱼(可数),鱼肉(不可数);
chicken小鸡(可数),鸡肉(不可数);
glass玻璃杯(可数),玻璃(不可数);
room房间(可数),空间(不可数);
time次数(可数),时间(不可数)。